1802/1 - Sa‘d ibn Abu Waqqās (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Whoever falsely claims to be the son of other than his father, knowing that he is not his father, will be forbidden to enter Paradise.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
1803/2 - Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Do not disown your fathers. Whoever disowns his father has committed an act of disbelief.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
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1) It is not lawful for a person to claim to be the son of someone other than his father. This constitutes severance of kinship ties and causes broad corruption.
2) They point out the keenness of Islam to preserve lineages. This is one of the excellent aspects of the Shariah.
3) It is obligatory to show dutifulness to one’s father, which includes attributing oneself to him.
1804/3 - Yazīd ibn Sharīk ibn Tāriq reported: “I saw ‘Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) giving a sermon from the pulpit, and I heard him saying: ‘By Allah, we have no book to read except Allah’s Book and what is written in this scroll.’ He unrolled the scroll which showed a list of the sort of camels to be given as blood-money, and other legal matters relating to the rulings of retaliation. In it was also written: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: ‘Madinah is a sanctuary from ‘Ayr to Thawr. He who innovates in this territory new ideas in Islam or shelters a religious innovator will incur the curse of Allah, the angels, and all the people, and Allah will accept from him neither repentance nor a ransom on the Day of Judgment. The asylum granted by any Muslim, even of the lowest status is to be honored and respected by all other Muslims, and whoever betrays a Muslim in this respect (by violating the pledge) will incur the curse of Allah, the angels, and all the people, and Allah will accept from him neither repentance nor a ransom on the Day of Judgment. If a person attributes himself to someone other than his father, or takes someone else as his master other than his master without his permission, he will incur the curse of Allah, the angels, and all the people, and Allah will accept from him neither repentance nor a ransom on the Day of Judgment.’” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
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‘Ayr and Thawr: two mountains in Madinah lying to the south and north, respectively.
1) The Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) did not give any exclusive knowledge to the members of his household; rather, they take their knowledge from the Qur’an and Sunnah, like all other Companions (may Allah be pleased with them).
2) It is prohibited to introduce new things into the religion, as this ruins the religion.
3) It points out the sanctity and merit of Muslims in the sight of Allah Almighty and the duty to support and defend them and their rights.
4) It sternly warns those who attribute themselves to other than their real fathers and threatens them with curse and expulsion from the mercy of Allah.
1805/4 - Abu Dharr (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that he heard the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) say: “Whoever attributes himself to anyone other than his father, knowing that he is not his father, commits an act of disbelief. And whoever makes a claim of anything which, in fact, does not belong to him is not one of us and should take his abode in Hellfire. And if a person calls anyone a disbeliever or calls him the enemy of Allah, while he is not so, his charge will revert to him.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim - this is his wording]
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1) All false claims are prohibited, which includes attributing oneself to other than one’s real father.
2) It is prohibited to accuse a Muslim of being a disbeliever or the enemy of Allah, unless this is established by the Shariah proofs and the applicable rules, as well as by scholars’ Fatwas that declare him a disbeliever.