قالَ الله تعالىٰ: {وَوَصَّىٰ بِهَآ إِبرَٰهِۧمُ بَنِيهِ وَيَعقُوبُ يَٰبَنِيَّ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ ٱصطَفَىٰ لَكُمُ ٱلدِّينَ فَلَا تَمُوتُنَّ إِلَّا وَأَنتُم مُّسلِمُونَ * أَم كُنتُم شُهَدَآءَ إِذ حَضَرَ يَعقُوبَ ٱلمَوتُ إِذ قَالَ لِبَنِيهِ مَا تَعبُدُونَ مِن بَعدِي قَالُواْ نَعبُدُ إِلَٰهَكَ وَإِلَٰهَ ءَابَآئِكَ إِبرَٰهِۧمَ وَإِسمَٰعِيلَ وَإِسحَٰقَ إِلَٰها وَٰحِدا وَنَحنُ لَهُۥ مُسلِمُونَ} [البقرة: 132 ــ 133].
Allah Almighty says: {And Abraham instructed his sons and [so did] Jacob, [saying]: “O my sons, indeed Allah has chosen for you this religion, so do not die except while you are Muslims.” Or were you witnesses when death approached Jacob, when he said to his sons: “What will you worship after me?” They said: “We will worship your God and the God of your fathers, Abraham and Ishmael and Isaac – one God. And we are Muslims [in submission] to Him.”} [Al-Baqarah: 132-133]
1) أعظم الوصايا الوصية بالإسلام لله _عز وجل_، ظاهراً وباطناً، وباتِّباع سنّة رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم.
1) The greatest advice is to urge submission to Allah Almighty inwardly and outwardly, and following the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him).
2) الاستسلام لله تعالىٰ بالتوحيد هي وصية الأنبياء عليهم السلام لأممهم.
2) Submission to Allah Almighty with Tawhīd is the advice given by all Prophets to their peoples.
3) السفر محل الشغل والتقصير، فالناس يحتاجون إلىٰ وصية وتثبيت وإعانة، لاسيما في أسفارهم.
3) Travel is a period during which people will be mostly busy and prone to neglect their duties; so they need advice, encouragement, and support.
1/712 ــ حَديثُ زيدِ بنِ أرْقَمَ رضي الله عنه ــ الذي سبق في باب (إكرامِ أَهْلِ بَيْتِ رسولِ الله) ــ قال: قامَ رسولُ الله فِينَا خَطِيباً، فَحَمِدَ الله، وَأَثْنَىٰ عَلَيْهِ، وَوَعَظَ وَذَكَّرَ، ثُمَّ قال: «أَمَّا بَعدُ، أَلا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إنَّما أنا بَشَرٌ يُوشِكُ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ رَسُولُ رَبِّي فَأُجِيبَ، وَأنَا تَارِكٌ فِيكُمْ ثَقَليْنِ : أَوَّلُهُمَا : كِتَابُ الله، فِيهِ الهُدَىٰ وَالنُّورُ، فَخُذُوا بكِتَابِ الله، واسْتَمْسِكُوا بِهِ» فَحَثَّ عَلىٰ كِتَابِ الله، وَرَغَّبَ فِيهِ، ثُمَّ قال: «وَأَهْلُ بَيْتي ، أُذَكِّرُكُمُ اللهَ في أَهْلِ بَيْتي». رواه مسلم. وَقَدْ سَبَقَ بِطُولِهِ.
712/1 - The Hadīth reported by Zayd ibn Arqam (may Allah be pleased with him) which we cited in the Chapter on honoring the Prophet’s household. He said: The Messenger of Allah stood to deliver a sermon to us. He praised Allah and gave a reminder and admonition and then said: “Now then! O people, certainly I am a human being. I am about to receive a messenger (the angel of death) from my Lord and I will respond (to Allah’s call); but I am leaving among you two weighty things: the Book of Allah in which there is right guidance and light; so hold fast to the Book of Allah and adhere to it.” He exhorted (us) (to hold fast) to the Book of Allah and then said: “The second are the members of my household; I remind you (of your duties) to the members of my household.” [Narrated by Muslim; and it was cited above in full]
ثَقَلَيْن: الثَّقَل، كلّ شيء خطير نفيس، وسمّاهما ثَقَليْن إعظاماً لحقهما، وتفخيماً لشأنهما.
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1) الحثّ علىٰ التمسك بكتاب الله، لأنه حبل الله المتين، والصراط المستقيم.
1) It urges us to hold onto the Book of Allah, for it is the firm rope and the straight path.
2) الوصية بآل بيت النَّبيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم رضي الله عنهم، وطلب العناية بشأنهم.
2) We are instructed to treat the Prophet’s household well and give due care to everything related to them.
قد حفظت الأمة الوسط: أهل السُّنَّة والجماعة ــ والحمد لله ــ وصيةَ النَّبيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم في آل البيت، فعظّموهم، وعرفوا لهم فضلهم ومراتبهم، ومَن نظرَ في التاريخ الصحيح بإنصاف أبصر ذلك، وأما مَن ملأ قلبه غلاً فلن تزده كثرة الكتب إلا حيرةً وضلالاً.
The moderate Ummah, i.e. Ahl al-Sunnah Wa al-Jamā‘ah, observed this Prophetic instruction – praise be to Allah – with regard to his family, revering them and recognizing their merit and ranks. A fair look into history reveals this fact. But if a person looks at this matter with prejudice, the multitude of books will only increase him in confusion and loss.
2/713 ــ وعن أبي سُلَيْمَانَ مَالكِ بْنِ الحُوَيْرِثِ رضي الله عنه قال: أَتَيْنَا رسولَ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وَنحْنُ شَبَبَةٌ مُتَقَارِبُونَ، فَأَقَمْنَا عِنْدَهُ عشْرِينَ لَيْلَةً، وكانَ رسولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم رَحِيماً رَفِيقاً، فَظَنَّ أنّا قَدِ اشْتَقْنَا أَهْلَنَا، فَسَأَلَنَا عَمَّنْ تَرَكْنَا مِنْ أَهْلِنَا، فَأَخْبَرْناَهُ، فقال: «ارْجِعُوا إلىٰ أَهْلِيكم، فَأَقِيمُوا فِيهمْ، وَعَلِّمُوهُم وَمُرُوهُمْ، وَصَلُّوا صَلاةَ كَذا في حِينِ كَذَا، وَصَلُّوا كَذَا في حِينِ كَذَا، فَإذَا حَضَرَتِ الصَّلاةُ فَلْيُؤَذِّنْ لَكُمْ أَحَدُكُمْ، وَلْيَؤُمَّكُم أَكبَرُكُم». متفقٌ عليه.
713/2 - Abu Sulaymān Mālik ibn al-Huwayrith (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: We came to the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) when we were young men of similar age. We spent twenty nights with him. He was merciful and kind. He thought that we must be missing our families, so he asked us about those of our family we had left behind, and we told him. Thereupon, he said: “Go back to your families and stay with them. Teach them (religion) and command them (to adhere to it); perform so-and-so prayer at so-and-so time, and when prayer becomes due, let one of you call the Adhān and let the oldest among you lead you in prayer.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
زاد البخاري في روايةٍ له: «وَصلُّوا كمَا رَأَيتُمُوني أُصَلِّي».
A version by Al-Bukhāri has this addition: “and pray as you have seen me pray.”
قوله: «رَحِيماً رَفِيقاً» رُوِيَ بفاءٍ وقافٍ، وروِيَ بقافينِ.
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1) كان النَّبيُّ قائماً بالرحمة والرِّفق، فهوَ أرحم الناس، وأرفق الناس.
1) The Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) was the epitome of mercy and kindness. He was the kindest and most merciful among people.
2) يُؤمر الرجل أن يعلّم أهله ما يحتاجون إليه، مع ملازمة تأديبهم وتوجيههم.
2) A man is required to teach his family what they need, along with disciplining and directing them.
3) تعظيم إبلاغ الشريعة، فهي وصية النَّبيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم للشباب عند سفرهم إلىٰ أهليهم.
3) Conveyance of the Shariah occupies high status, as the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) instructed the youths to teach their families when they return to them.
3/714 ــ وعن عُمَرَ بنِ الخطَّابِ رضي الله عنه قال: اسْتَأْذَنْتُ النَّبيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم في الْعُمْرَةِ، فَأَذِنَ، وقال: «لا تَنْسَنَا يَا أُخَيَّ مِنْ دُعَائِكَ». فقالَ كَلِمَةً مَا يَسُرُّني أَنَّ لي بهَا الدُّنْيا.
714/3 - ‘Umar ibn al-Khattāb (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: I asked the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) for permission to perform ‘Umrah, and he gave it and said: “Do not forget us, brother, in your supplication.” He said words which I would not exchange for the whole world.
وفي رواية قال: «أَشْرِكْنَا يَا أُخَيَّ في دُعَائِكَ» رواه أبو داود، والترمذي وقال: حديث حسن صحيح[1].
In another version, he said: “Include us, my brother, in your supplication.” [Narrated by Abu Dāwūd and Al-Tirmidhi, who classified it as sound and authentic [1]]
1) جواز طلب الدعاء من المسافر لما في ذلك من الخير للداعي، وللمدعوّ له.
1) It is permissible to ask a traveler for supplication, given that this benefits both the supplicant and the one for whom supplication is made.
2) إظهار فضيلة لعمر رضي الله عنه في الدعاء.
2) It shows the merit of ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) in terms of supplication.
4/715 ــ وعن سالم بنِ عَبْدِ الله بن عُمَرَ أَنَّ عبدَ الله بنَ عُمَرَ رضي الله عنهما كَانَ يقُولُ لِلرَّجُلِ إذَا أَرَادَ سَفَراً: ادْنُ مِنِّي حَتَّىٰ أُوَدِّعَكَ كَمَا كَانَ رسُولُ الله يُوَدِّعُنا، فَيَقُولُ: «أَسْتَوْدعُ الله دِينَكَ، وَأَمَانتَكَ، وَخَوَاتِيمَ عَمَلِكَ». رواه الترمذي، وقال: حديث حسن صحيح.
715/4 - Sālim ibn ‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Umar reported that ‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him and his father) used to say to a man setting out to travel: “Come close to me so that I bid you farewell as the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) used to bid us farewell,” and he would say: “Astawdi‘ullah dīnak wa amānatak wa khawātīm ‘amalak (I entrust to Allah your religion, your trust, and your final deeds).” [Narrated by Al-Tirmidhi; he classified it as Hasan Sahīh (sound and authentic)]
5/716 ــ وعن عبدِ الله بن يَزِيدَ الخَطْمِيِّ الصَّحَابِيِّ رضي الله عنه قالَ: كانَ رسولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم إذا أَرَادَ أَنْ يُوَدّعَ الجَيْشَ قالَ: «أَسْتَوْدعُ الله دِينَكُمْ، وَأَمَانَتَكُم، وَخَوَاتِيمَ أَعمَالِكُمْ».
716/5 - ‘Abdullāh ibn Yazīd al-Khatmi, a Companion, (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: Whenever the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) wanted to bid farewell to the army, he would say: “Astawdi‘ullah dīnakum wa amānatakum wa khawātīma ‘amalikum (I entrust to Allah your religion, your trust, and your final deeds).”
حديث صحيح، رواه أبو داود وغيره بإسناد صحيح.
[Narrated by Abu Dāwūd and others with an authentic Isnād]
أستودع الله: أستحفظه.
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1) حرص أصحاب رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم علىٰ هدي نبيهم في أمورهم كلّها، فعلىٰ العبد أن يحرص علماً وعملاً علىٰ الهدي النبوي فإنه خير الهدىٰ.
1) The Companions were keen to follow the Prophet’s example in all their affairs. A person should be careful to adhere to the Prophet’s guidance in terms of knowledge and application, for it is indeed the best guidance.
2) أعظم ما يملك المرء في حياته ويخشىٰ ضياعه هو الدِّين، فالسعيد من سعىٰ في حفظ دينه وصيانته. (فكلُّ كسرِ الفتى فالدين جابره، وما لكسرِ قناة الدينِ جبران).
2) The most precious thing a person possesses in his life and fears it may be lost is the religion. A blissful person would strive to keep and maintain his religion. Indeed, any shortcoming in other areas can be redressed by religion; but a shortcoming in religion cannot be redressed by anything.
3) استحباب دعاء المسلم لأخيه المسلم في جميع أحواله، ومن ذلك خاتمة الخير.
3) It is recommended that the Muslim supplicates for his fellow Muslim in all his affairs, including wishing for him a good ending of life.
4) استحباب توديع المسافر والدعاء له، كما صنع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وأصحابه رضي الله عنهم.
4) It is recommended to say farewell to travelers and supplicate for them, as the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) and his Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) used to do.
6/717 ــ وعن أنسٍ رضي الله عنه قال: جاءَ رجُلٌ إلىٰ النَّبيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فقال: يا رَسُولَ الله، إنِّي أُرِيدُ سَفَراً، فَزَوِّدْني، فَقَالَ: «زَوَّدَكَ اللهُ التَّقْوَىٰ» قال: زِدْنِي، قال: «وَغَفَرَ ذَنْبَكَ»، قال: زِدْني، قال: «وَيَسَّرَ لَكَ الخَيْرَ حَيْثُما كُنْتَ». رواه الترمذي وقال: حديث حسن.
717/6 - Anas ibn Mālik (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: A man came to the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) and said: “O Messenger of Allah, I intend to go on a journey; so give me provision.” He said: “May Allah grant you piety as your provision.” He said: “Give me more.” He said: “And may He forgive your sin.” He said: “Give me more.” He said: “And may He make goodness easy for you wherever you are.” [Narrated by Al-Tirmidhi; he classified it as sound]
1) حرص الصحابة رضي الله عنهم أن يدعو لهم رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم في مسيرهم وإقامتهم.
1) The Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) were keen to make the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) supplicate for them in both their travel and their stay.
2) أعظم ما يُوصي به العبدُ أخاه تقوىٰ الله، فهي زاد الروح، وبلاغ الدنيا والآخرة.
2) The best advice a person can give to others is fear of Allah, for it is the provision of the soul and the ultimate attainment in the worldly life and the Hereafter.
3) استحباب زيادة الخير بطلب الدعاء من أهل الصلاح.
3) It is recommended to seek more goodness by asking righteous people for supplication.
طلب الدعاء من الغير أقسام:
Asking others for supplication falls under different categories:
القسم الأول: أن يطلب الدعاء لصالح المسلمين جميعاً، فهذا مستحب، لأن المصلحة عامة.
First: When a person asks for supplication for the welfare of Muslims in general. This is recommended, for it aims at the public interest.
القسم الثاني: أن يطلب الدعاء من الرجل الصالح من أجل أن ينتفع الداعي بهذا الدعاء، لأنه من دعا لأخيه في ظهر الغيب، قال له المَلك الموكل: «ولك مثله»، كما صح بذلك الحديث عن النَّبيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم، فهذا القسم مستحب أيضاً.
Second: When a person asks someone righteous to supplicate for him, seeking to benefit the supplicant himself, because when a Muslim supplicates for a fellow Muslim in absentia, the angel in charge of this responds to him saying: “And you shall have the same”, as authentically reported from the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him). This type is also commendable.
القسم الثالث: أن يطلب الدعاء لمصلحة نفسه فحسب، ولا يستشعر مصلحة الداعي، فهذا أجازه بعض العلماء، وقال بعضهم: لا يستحب، لأنه يدخل في المسألة المذمومة، والنَّبيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قد بايع أصحابه «ألا يسألوا الناس شيئاً»، وهذا عموم يتناول كل مسألة، فالأَولىٰ ترك طلب الدعاء في هذه الحالة، والله أعلم.
Third: When a person asks for supplication only to personally benefit therefrom without considering the benefit for the supplicant. Some scholars regarded this type as permissible, while others said it is not recommended, as it falls under the detestable asking. The Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) took the pledge of allegiance from his Companions that “they should not ask anything of people”, a general rule applying to any request. So, it is more appropriate to give up this type of supplication request. And Allah knows best.