يُكَبِّر أرْبَعَ تَكبيرات: يَتَعَوَّذ بعدَ الأولَىٰ ثمَّ يَقْرَأ فَاتحَةَ الكتَاب، ثمَّ يُكَبِّرُ الثَّانيةَ، ثم يُصَلِّي علىٰ النَّبيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم، فيقولُ: اللّهم صَلِّ علىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ، وعَلىٰ آل مُحَمَّد. والأفْضلُ أنْ يُتمَّهُ بقوله: كَما صلَّيْتَ علىٰ إبراهيم.. إلىٰ قوله: إنَّكَ حَميدٌ مَجيدٌ.
He makes four Takbīrs (i.e. says “Allahu Akbar”). After the first Takbīr, he says, “A‘ūdhu billahi min ash-shaytān ar-rajīm” (I seek refuge with Allah from the accursed devil), after which he recites Al-Fātihah supplication. Then, he makes the second Takbīr, after which he invokes Allah’s peace and blesssings upon the Prophet, saying: “Allhumma salli ‘ala Muhammad wa ‘ala āli Muhammad” (O Allah, bestow Your blessings upon Muhammad and upon the family of Muhammad). It is preferable that he completes it, saying: “Kama sallayta ‘ala Ibrāhīm... (as You bestowed Your blessings upon Ibrahīm... ) until “Innaka hamīdun majīd” (Indeed, You are Praiseworthy and Glorious).
ولا يفعلُ ما يَفْعَلهُ كثيرٌ منَ العَوامِّ مِنْ قرَاءَتهم {إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ وَمَلَٰٓئِكَتَهُۥ يُصَلُّونَ عَلَى ٱلنَّبِيِّ} الآية [الأحزاب: 56] فإنَّهُ لا تَصحُّ صلاته إذا اقتَصَرَ عليه.
He should refrain from doing what many laymen do, which is reciting the verse that says: {Indeed, Allah confers blessing upon the Prophet, and His angels [ask him to do so]...} [Surat al-Ahzāb: 56] The prayer is not valid if it is restricted to this only.
ثم يُكَبِّرُ الثَّالثَةَ، ويدْعُو للمَيِّت وللمُسلمين بما سنَذكُرُهُ منَ الأحاديث إن شاءَ الله تعالىٰ، ثم يُكَبِّرُ الرَّابعةَ ويَدعُو، ومِن أحسنه: اللّهم لا تَحْرمْنَا أجْرَهُ، ولا تَفتِنّا بَعدَهُ، واغفرْ لنا ولَهُ.
Then, he makes the third Takbīr and supplicates for the deceased and for Muslims with the supplications that we will cite, Allah willing. Then, he makes the fourth Takbīr and supplicates. One of the best supplications to be said in this situation is: O Allah, do not deprive us of his reward, do not put us to trials after him, and forgive us and him.
والمختارُ أنه يُطَوِّلُ الدُّعاءَ في الرَّابعةِ خلافَ ما يعتادُهُ أكثرُ النَّاس، لحديث ابن أبي أوْفىٰ الذي سَنَذْكُرُهُ إن شاء الله تعالىٰ.
According to the favored view, he should prolong the supplication after the fourth Takbīr, as opposed to the common practice among many people. This is based on a Hadīth reported by Ibn Abi Awfa, which we will cite here, Allah willing.
فأمَّا الأدْعيةُ المأثورةُ بَعْدَ التَّكْبيرَة الثالثة، فمنها:
As for the reported supplications after the third Takbīr, they include the following:
1/935ــ عن أبي عبدِ الرَّحمنِ عوفِ بنِ مالكٍ رضي الله عنه قَالَ: صَلَّىٰ رَسُولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم عَلَىٰ جنَازَةٍ، فَحَفظْتُ من دُعَائِهِ وهُوَ يقُولُ: «اللّهم اغْفرْ لَهُ، وارْحَمْهُ، وَعَافهِ، واعْفُ عَنْه، وأكْرمْ نُزُلَهُ، وَوسِّعْ مُدْخَلَهُ، واغسِلْهُ بالمَاء والثَّلْج والبَرَد، ونَقِّهِ منَ الخَطَايَا كما نَقَّيْتَ الثَّوبَ الأبْيضَ من الدَّنَس، وأبْدِلْهُ دَاراً خَيراً منْ دَارهِ، وأهْلاً خيراً منْ أهْلِهِ، وَزَوْجاً خَيْراً منْ زَوْجِهِ، وأدْخلْهُ الجَنَّةَ، وأعِذْهُ منْ عَذَابِ القَبْرِ وَمنْ عَذَاب النَّار» حَتَّىٰ تَمَنَّيْتُ أن أكونَ أنا ذلك المَيِّتَ. رواه مسلم.
935/1 - Abu ‘Abdur-Rahmān ‘Awf ibn Mālik (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) offered a funeral prayer, and I memorized this supplication from him: “Allahumma ighfir lahu, warhamhu, wa ‘āfihi, wa‘fu ‘anhu, wa akrim nuzulah, wa wassi‘ mudkhalah, waghsilhu bilmā’ wath-thalj wal-barad, wa naqqihi min al-khtāya kamma naqqayt ath-thawb al-abyad min ad-danas, wa abdilhu dāran khayran min dārih, wa ahlan khayran min ahlih, wa zawjan khayran min zawjih, wa adkhilhu al-jannah, wa a‘idhhu min ‘adhāb al-qabr wa min ‘adhāb an-nār” (O Allah, forgive him and have mercy on him. Grant him ease and respite. Make his resting place a noble one, and facilitate his entry. Wash him with water, snow, and hail. Purify him from sins as a white garment is cleansed of dirt. Give him in exchange a home better than his home (on earth) and a family better than his family and a spouse better than his spouse. Grant him entrance to Paradise and protect him from the trials of the grave and the torture of Hellfire). ‘Awf said: I wished I was that deceased person! [Narrated by Muslim]
نزله: ضيافته.
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الدنس: الوسخ والدرن.
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مدخله: الموضع الذي يدخل فيه وهو قبره.
His entry: It refers to the place he enters, namely his grave.
1) هذا الدعاء هو الدعاء الخاص للميت «اللهم اغفر له وارحمه...»، وذلك أن صلاة الجنازة اشتملت عَلَىٰ: قراءة الفاتحة، ثُمَّ الصَّلاةِ عَلَىٰ النَّبيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم، ثُمَّ الدّعاءِ العام، ثم الدّعاءِ الخاص للميت.
1) This supplication is made for the deceased person in particular. The funeral prayer comprises the recitation of Al-Fātihah supplication, then invoking Allah’s blessings upon the Prophet, then supplication for Muslims at large, and then supplication for the deceased in particular.
2) الحثّ علىٰ الإخلاص لله تَعَالَىٰ، والإلحاح في الدعاء للميت بمغفرة الذنوب والمبالغة في محوها وإزالتها.
2) It urges us to be sincere to Allah Almighty and be persistent in our supplication for the deceased to be forgiven and his sins to be completely erased.
3) سؤال التبديل يكون تبديلاً للذات أو تبديلاً للصفات؛ بمعنىٰ أن تُبدَّل صفات الأهل والزوجة والدار صفاتٍ أحسنَ وأفضلَ وأكثرَ خيريةً.
3) The supplication for him to be given in exchange a better home, family, and spouse may mean to be given a better alternative or to be given the same but with better qualities.
4) حرص الصحابة رضي الله عنهم عَلَىٰ بركة الدعوات النبوية، حَتَّىٰ تمنّىٰ الصحابي أن يكون هُوَ الميت المدعو لَهُ.
4) The Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) were so keen to benefit from the blessing of the Prophet’s supplication that the Companion reporting the Hadīth wished he had been the deceased one, for whom the supplication was made.
قوله: «واغسله بالماء والثلج والبرد، ونقه من الخطايا كما ينقىٰ الثوب الأبيض من الدنس». يُستفاد منه التنبيه علىٰ خطأ قول العامة: «حرارة الإيمان»، بل يُقال: بَرْد الإيمان ففي الحديث ذَكَر الثلج والبرد لأنه بارد، وذكر الماء لأن به النظافة، والذنوب لما كانت عقوبتها حارة والموسوس بها هو الشيطان المخلوق من نار ناسب أن يُقرن الماء مع الثلج والبرد، ليحصل تمام التنظيف والتبريد من الذنوب.
His words: “Wash him with water, snow, and hail. Purify him from sins as a white garment is cleansed of dirt,” point to the common mistake made by laymen when they say the expression "the heat of faith". Rather, we should say "the coolness of faith". In the Hadīth, he mentions snow and hail because they are cool, and water because it cleans. As sins lead to heated punishment and Satan who whispers to humans to commit them was created from fire, it was appropriate to couple water with snow and hail so that complete cleanliness and cooling from sins would be achieved.
وذكرُ الثوب الأبيض، لأنه هُوَ الذي تظهر فيه أدنىٰ وساخة، فإذا كان الثوب الأبيض نقيّاً فمعناه أنه ليس به أدنىٰ دنس، وهذا من تمام الإلحاح والسؤال بمغفرة الذنوب، والتنقية من الخطايا. فما أنفع الدعوات النبوية، الجامعة لخصال الخيرية!
He mentioned the white garment because it is where the least traces of dirt is obvious. So, when it is purified and clear, this means it does not have any traces of dirt whatsoever, which happens as a result of persistent supplication for forgiveness and cleansing of sins. How beneficial the Prophet’s supplications are, as they comprise all the aspects of goodness!
2/936 ــ عن أبي هُرَيْرَةَ وأبي قتادةَ، وأبي إبراهيم الأشهليِّ عن أبيه ــ وأبوه صَحابيٌّ ــ رضي الله عنهم عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أنَّهُ صَلَّىٰ عَلَىٰ جنازة، فَقَالَ: «اللّهم اغْفرْ لحَيِّنَا ومَيِّتنَا، وَصَغيرِنا وَكبيرِنا، وذَكَرِنا وأنثانَا، وشَاهِدِنا وغَائِبِنَا، اللّهم مَنْ أحييْتَهُ مِنَّا فأحْيِهِ عَلَىٰ الإسلامِ، وَمَنْ تَوَفَّيْتَهُ منَّا فَتَوَفَّهُ عَلَىٰ الإيمان، اللّهم لا تَحْرِمْنَا أجْرَهُ، ولا تَفْتِنَّا بَعْدَهُ». رواه الترمذي من رواية أبي هريرة والأشهليِّ، ورواه أبو داود من رواية أبي هريرة وأبي قَتَادَةَ. قال الحاكم: حديثُ أبي هريرة صحيحٌ علىٰ شَرْط البُخاري ومُسْلم، قال الترمذيُّ: قال البخاريُّ: أصحُّ روايات هذا الحديث روايةُ الأشْهَليِّ، قال البخاري: وأصَحُّ شيء في الباب حديث عَوْف بن مالكٍ.
936/2 - Abu Hurayrah, Abu Qatādah, and Abu Ibrāhīm Al-Ashhali reporting from his father who was a Companion (may Allah be pleased with them all) reported: The Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) offered a funeral prayer and said therein: “Allahumma ighfir li-hayyina wa mayyitina, wa saghīrina wa kabīrina, wa dhakarina wa unthāna, wa shāhidina wa ghā’ibina. Allahumma man ahyaytahu minna fa’ahyihi ‘ala al-Islām, wa man tawffaytahu minna fatawaffahu ‘ala al-imān. Allahumma la tahrimna ajrah, wa la taftinna ba‘dah” (O Allah, forgive those of us who are living and those of us who are dead, those of us who are young and those who are old, those of us who are males and those who are females, and those of us who are present and those who are absent. O Allah, whoever of us You give life, let him live upon Islam, and whoever of us You take in death, let him die in a state of faith. O Allah, deprive us not of his reward, and subject us not to temptation after his death). [Narrated by Al-Tirmidhi and Abu Dāwūd] Al-Tirmidhi narrated it as reported by Abu Hurayrah and Al-Ashhali; Abu Dāwūd narrated it as reported by Abu Hurayrah and Abu Qatādah. Al-Hākim classified the version reported by Abu Hurayrah as authentic as per the conditions set by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim. Al-Tirmidhi said: Al-Bukhāri said that the most authentic among the versions of this Hadīth is the one reported by Al-Ashhali. Al-Bukhāri said: The most authentic report on this topic is the Hadīth reported by ‘Awf ibn Mālik.
لا تفتنا: لا تُضِلَّنا، والفتنة: بمعنىٰ الاختبار والامتحان.
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1) مقام الدعاء يُستحب فيه البسط والتفصيل، لأن كل جملة من الدعاء هي طلب وثناء، وكلما كرر العبد الدعوات ازداد قرباً وثواباً.
1) It is recommended to make supplication simple and detailed, for each phrase in it is a request and praise. And the more a person repeats his supplications, the nearer he gets to his Lord and the greater will be his reward.
2) هذا الدعاء فيه الدعاء العام للميت ولعموم المسلمين.
2) This supplication includes invocation for the deceased person and for Muslims in general.
3) مدار الإسلام عَلَىٰ الأعمال الظاهرة، فخص ذكره في الحياة، ومدار الإيمان عَلَىٰ الأعمال الباطنة، فخص ذكره عند الموت؛ فالإيمان محلّه القلب، والإسلام محلّه الظاهر.
3) Islam is based on outward deeds; that is why he mentioned them in relation to life; and faith is based on inward deeds; that is why he mentioned them in relation to death. Faith lies in the heart, while Islam exists outwardly.
4) الحيّ لا تُؤمَن عليه الفتنة، ولذا استُحب سؤال الثبات وعدم الفتنة.
4) Living people are not immune to temptation. So, it is recommended to implore Allah Almighty to make us firm and not subject us to temptation.
3/937 ــ عن أبي هُرَيْرَةَ رضي الله عنه قَالَ: سَمعتُ رَسُولَ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول: «إذَا صَلَّيْتُمْ عَلَىٰ المَيِّت، فأخلِصُوا لَهُ الدُّعاءَ». رواه أبو داود.
937/3 - Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: I heard the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) say: “When you offer a funeral prayer for a dead person, supplicate sincerely for him.” [Narrated by Abu Dāwūd]
1) يُستحب إخلاص الدعاء للميت، لأنه بحاجة إلَىٰ شفاعة المؤمنين ودعائهم، فالدعاء أعظم مقصود في صلاة الجنازة.
1) It is recommended to be sincere in our supplication for the dead person, for he is in need of intercession and supplication by the believers. Indeed, the supplication is the chief objective of the funeral prayer.
2) قَبول الدعاء مداره عَلَىٰ الإخلاص؛ فكلما كان الداعي مخلصاً في دعائه، موافقاً للسُّنَّة، رُجي لَهُ الاستجابة .
2) Acceptance of a supplication depends on the sincerity of the supplicant. The more he is sincere and complying with the Sunnah, the more likely his invocation will be answered.
4/938 ــ وعنه عن ِالنَّبيِّ في الصَّلاة عَلَىٰ الجنازة: «اللّهم أنْتَ ربُّهَا، وأنْتَ خَلَقْتَها، وأنْتَ هَدَيْتَهَا للإسلام، وأنْتَ قَبَضْتَ رُوحَها، وأنْتَ أعْلَمُ بسرِّهَا وعَلانيتها، جئْنَاكَ شُفَعَاءَ لَهُ، فَاغفرْ لَهُ». رواه أبو داود[6].
938/4 - He also reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said during a funeral prayer: “Allahumma anta rabbuha, wa anta khalaqtaha, wa anta hadaytaha lil-Islām, wa anta qabadta rūhaha, wa anta a‘lamu bisirriha wa ‘alāniyyatiha, ji’nāka shufa‘ā’a lahu, faghfir lah” (O Allah, You are its Lord [i.e. Lord of this soul]; You created it; You guided it to Islam; You have taken its life back and You are most knowledgeable about its hidden and apparent affairs. We have come as intercessors for him; so forgive him). [Narrated by Abu Dāwūd] [6]
5/939 ــ وعن واثِلَةَ بنِ الأسقَعِ رضي الله عنه قَالَ: صَلَّىٰ بنَا رَسُولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم عَلَىٰ رجُلٍ مِنَ المسلمين، فسمعْتُهُ يقُولُ: «اللّهم إنَّ فُلانَ ابنَ فُلانٍ في ذمَّتكَ وحَبْلِ جوَارِكَ، فَقِهِ فِتْنَةَ القَبْرِ وَعَذَابَ النَّار، وأنْتَ أهْلُ الوَفَاءِ والحَمْدِ، اللّهم فَاغْفرْ لَهُ وارْحَمْهُ، إنك أنْتَ الغَفُورُ الرَّحيمُ». رواه أبو داود.
939/5 - Wāthilah ibn al-Asqa‘ (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) led us in a funeral prayer for a Muslim man. I heard him say: “Allahumma inna (mention name of deceased here) fi dhimmatika wa hablu jiwārik, faqihi fitnat al-qabr wa ‘adhāb an-nār, wa anta ahl al-wafā’ wal-hamd. Allahumma faghfir lahu warhamhu, innaka anta al-ghafūr ar-rahīm” (O Allah, so-and-so, the son of so-and-so, is under Your protection and mercy. So, protect him from the trial of the grave and the torture of Hellfire. You are worthy of fulfilling promises and worthy of praise. O Allah, forgive him and have mercy upon him, as You are the Most Forgiving and the Most Merciful). [Narrated by Abu Dāwūd]
ذمتك: عهدك.
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1) الترغيب في الإلحاح بسؤال المغفرة، والتوسل إلىٰ الله تعالىٰ بأن يرحم الميت.
1) It encourages us to be persistent in asking Allah for forgiveness and imploring Him to have mercy upon the deceased person.
2) صلاة الجنازة شفاعة من الله تعالىٰ، يطلبها أهل الإيمان للموتىٰ من المسلمين.
2) The funeral prayer constitutes intercession by the believers before Allah Almighty for deceased Muslims.
3) جواز تسمية الميت بذكر اسمه واسم أبيه.
3) It is permissible to mention the deceased by his first name and his father’s name.
6/940ــ وعن عبد الله بن أبي أوْفىٰ رضي الله عنهما أنَّه كَبَّرَ عَلَىٰ جنَازة ابنَةٍ لَهُ أرْبعَ تَكْبيراتٍ، فَقَامَ بَعْدَ الرَّابعة كَقَدْر مَا بيْنَ التَّكْبيرَتَيْن يَسْتَغْفرُ لَها ويَدْعُو، ثُمَّ قَالَ: كانَ رَسُولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يَصْنَعُ هكذا.
940/6 - ‘Abdullāh ibn Abi Awfa (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that he made four Takbīrs in the funeral prayer for one of his daughters and stood after the fourth Takbīr for as long as the duration between two Takbīrs, supplicating for her and asking Allah to forgive her. Then, he said: The Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) used to do like this.
وفي رواية: كَبَّرَ أرْبَعاً، فمَكَثَ ساعَةً حَتَّىٰ ظَنَنْتُ أنَّهُ سيُكبِّرُ خَمْساً، ثُمَّ سلَّمَ عن يَمينه وعَنْ شماله، فَلَمَّا انْصرَفَ قُلْنَا لَهُ: مَا هذا؟ فَقَالَ: إنِّي لا أزيدُكُمْ عَلَىٰ ما رأيْتُ رَسُولَ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يَصْنَعُ، أو: هكذا صَنعَ رَسُولَ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم. رواه الحاكم وقال: حديث صحيح[7].
In another version: He made four Takbīrs and stayed for so long that I thought he would make a fifth Takbīr. Then, he made Taslīm (said “As-salāmu ‘alykum wa rahmatullah”) to the right and to the left. As he left, we said to him: “What was that?” He said: “I did not do anything beyond what I saw the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) doing.” Or “The Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) did like this.” [Narrated by Al-Hākim; he classified it as authentic] [7]
1) يُستحب التطويل في الدعاء للميت، لأن المقام مقام طلب رحمة ومغفرة.
1) It is recommended to prolong the supplication for the dead person, as the situation is that of asking for mercy and forgiveness.
2) ظاهر الحديث أن في صلاة الجنازة تسليماً مثل تسليم الصلاة مرتين.
2) The Hadīth apparently indicates that there are two Taslīms in the funeral prayer, just like regular prayers.
3) بيان طريقة الصحابة في اقتدائهم برسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم في عباداتهم : «هكذا صنع رَسُول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم».
3) It shows how the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) followed the Prophet’s example in their acts of worship: “The Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) did like this.”