قال الله تعالىٰ: {وَمَا تَفۡعَلُواْ مِنۡ خَيۡرٖ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ بِهِۦ عَلِيمٞ} [البقرة: 215] ، وقال تعالىٰ: {وَمَا تَفۡعَلُواْ مِنۡ خَيۡرٖ يَعۡلَمۡهُ ٱللَّهُۗ} [البقرة: 197] ، وقال تعالىٰ: {فَمَن يَعۡمَلۡ مِثۡقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ خَيۡرٗا يَرَهُۥ} [الزلزلة: 7] ، وقال تعالىٰ: { مَنۡ عَمِلَ صَٰلِحٗا فَلِنَفۡسِهِۦۖ } [الجاثية:15] . والآيات في الباب كثيرة.
Allah Almighty says: {And whatever good you do, Allah is All-Knowing of it.} [Surat al-Baqarah: 215] Allah Almighty also says: {Whatever good you do, Allah is aware of it} [Surat al-Baqarah: 197] Allah Almighty also says: {So whoever does an atom’s weight of good will see it.} [Surat az-Zalzalah: 7] Allah Almighty also says: {Whoever does righteous deed, it is for his own benefit} [Surat al-Jāthiyah: 15] The verses in this regard are numerous.
1) الحث عَلىٰ اغتنام أبواب الخيرات كل بحسب حاله، وأصول طرق الخير ثلاثة:
1) They urge pursuing all the means to good deeds, each person according to their own abilities. There are three main means to good deeds:
الجهد البدني، والمالي، والمشترك بينهما.
physical, financial, and means that are both physical and financial.
ــ أمَّا الجهد البدني: فهو أعمال البدن؛ مثل: الصلاة، والصيام، والجهاد.
- the Physical manifest in bodily actions, such as prayer, fasting, and Jihad;
ــ وأمَّا الجهد المالي: فمثل الزكوات، والصدقات، والنفقات.
- the financial manifest in paying Zakat, charities, and required expenditures;
ــ وأمّا المشترك: فمثل الجهاد في سبيل الله، فإنه يكون بالمال، ويكون بالنفس.
- the means that are both physical and financial are like Jihad for the sake of Allah since it demands both financial expenditure and offering one’s life.
2) حكمة الشارع في تنويع طرق الخير؛ ليعظم الأجر، ولئلا تملَّ النفوس من عبادة معينة، فالمستحب للعبد أن يعمل بأنواع العبادات المشروعة، كلٌّ بما يستطيع وبما يفتح الله لَهُ من الخير.
2) It reflects the wisdom of the Lawgiver in diversifying the means of doing good to increase the rewards and avoid the boredom evoked by the repetition of a particular act of worship. So, it is recommended for the individual to pursue the various means to lawful acts of worship, each to the best of his ability.
وأما الأحاديث، فكثيرة جداً وهي غير منحصرة، فنذكر طرفاً منها:
As for the relevant Hadīths, they are quite many; so, we list a number of them as follows:
1/117 ــ الأوَّل: عن أبي ذرٍّ جُنْدَبِ بن جُنادَةَ رضي الله عنه قال: قلت يا رسولَ الله، أيُّ الأعْمَالِ أَفضَلُ ؟ قال: «الإيمانُ بالله ، وَالجِهَادُ في سَبِيلِهِ»، قُلْتُ: أيُّ الرِّقَابِ أَفْضلُ؟ قال: «أنْفَسُهَا عِنْدَ أَهْلِهَا، وَأَكْثَرُهَا ثَمَناً»، قُلْتُ: فَإنْ لَمْ أَفْعَلْ؟ قال: «تُعينُ صَانِعَاً أوْ تَصْنَعُ لأَخْرَقَ»، قُلْتُ: يا رَسولَ الله أَرَأَيْتَ إنْ ضَعُفْتُ عَنْ بَعْضِ الْعَمَلِ؟ قال: «تكُفُّ شَرَّكَ عَنِ النَّاسِ، فَإنها صَدقَةٌ مِنْكَ عَلىٰ نَفْسِكَ». متفقٌ عليه.
117/1- First: Abu Dharr Jundub ibn Junādah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: “I said: ‘O Messenger of Allah, which deed is the best?’ He said: ‘Belief in Allah and Jihad in His cause.’ I said: ‘Which slave is the best?’ He said: ‘The most precious in the sight of their master and the most expensive.’ I said: ‘If I cannot afford to do that?’ He said: ‘You help a laborer or do good for a person who cannot work for himself.’ I said: ‘If I failed to do some of this?’ He said: ‘Spare people your harm, for this will be charity that you give to yourself.’” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
«الصَّانعُ» بالصَاد المهملة هذَا هو المشهور، وَرُوِيَ «ضَائعاً» بالمعجمة، أَيْ: ذَا ضَيَاعٍ مِنْ فَقْرٍ أَوْ عِيَالٍ ونحْو ذلكَ، «وَالأخْرَق»: الَّذي لا يُتقن مَا يُحَاولُ فِعْلَهُ.
Another version reads: “You help a weak person” referring to a person who is poor or has many children and the like. --
ــ الرِّقاب: المماليك.
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ــ أنفَسِها: أحبها عند أهلها، فالنفيس هُوَ الغالي.
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1) حرص الصحابة رضي الله عنهم عَلىٰ السؤال عَنْ أفضل الأعمال ليعملوا بها، وهذا هُوَ شأن الموفِّقين من عباد الله تعالىٰ، فالواجب عَلىٰ العبد أن يحرص عَلىٰ أفضل الأعمال المقربة إلىٰ الله _عز وجل_ ليعظم أجره.
1) It reflects the Companions’ keenness to ask about the best of deeds so that they can implement them. This is how righteous people should be! It is obligatory upon the individual to pursue the best deeds likely to draw him closer to Allah, Glorified and Exalted, to earn the most reward.
2) صنائع المعروف للناس من أفضل القربات عند الله .
2) Helping people is one of the most excellence good deeds in the sight of Allah.
3) كفّ الأذىٰ عَنِ الناس من أخلاق المسلم، والواجب علىٰ الجميع التحلي بها.
3) Abstaining from harming people is a typical character of a [true] Muslim, and everyone must embrace it.
4) يجب عَلىٰ العبد أن يتدرج في الطاعات والقربات بحسب طاقته وجهده، فيحرص علىٰ الأنفع، ولا يكسل، فإن أحب الأعمال إلىٰ الله _عز وجل_ أدومها وإن قلَّت.
4) The individual should, to the best of his ability, follow a gradual process in observing acts of worship. He should be keen on doing what is most beneficial and avoid laziness, because the most beloved deeds to Allah, Glorified and Exalted, are the ones done constantly even if they are few.
2/118 ــ الثاني: عن أَبي ذرٍّ أيضاً رضي الله عنه أَنَّ رَسُولَ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: «يُصْبِحُ عَلىٰ كُلِّ سُلاَمَىٰ مِنْ أَحَدِكُمْ صَدَقَةٌ، فَكُلُّ تَسْبِيحَةٍ صَدَقَةٌ، وَكُلُ تَحْمِيدةٍ صَدَقَةٌ، وَكُلُّ تَهْلِيلَةٍ صَدَقَةٌ، وَكُلُّ تكبِيرَةٍ صَدَقَةٌ، وَأَمْرٌ بالمَعْرُوفِ صَدَقَةٌ، وَنَهْيٌ عَنِ المُنْكَرَ صَدَقَةٌ، وَيُجْزِئُ مِنْ ذلكَ رَكْعَتَانِ يَرْكَعُهُما مِنَ الضُّحَى». رواه مسلم.
118/2 - Second: Abu Dharr (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Every morning, charity is due on every joint in the body of each of you. Every utterance of Allah’s exaltation (saying Subhānallah) is an act of charity, and every utterance of praising Him (saying Al-hamdulillah) is an act of charity, and every utterance of the profession of faith (saying La ilaha illa Allah) is an act of charity, and every utterance of Allah’s glorification (saying Allahu Akbar) is an act of charity; and enjoining good is an act of charity, and forbidding evil is an act of charity; and a two-Rak‘ah prayer which one offers in the forenoon (Duha prayer) suffices for all this.” [Narrated by Muslim]
«السُّلامَى» بضم السين المهملة وتخفيف اللام وفتح الميم: المفْصلُ.
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1) صلاة الضحىٰ سنة مستحبة كل يوم، وهي تجزئ عَنِ الصدقة الواجبة عَلىٰ بدن العبد.
1) The forenoon prayer (Duha) is a recommended daily practice (Sunnah), and it compensates for the charities due on the person’s body.
2) عظيم فضل الله _عز وجل_ عَلىٰ العباد؛ إذ فتح لهم أبواب الخير الكثيرة .
2) It reflects the great bounty of Allah, Glorified and Exalted, upon His servants as He opened up for them abundant doors to do good.
وقت صلاة الضحىٰ يبدأ من ارتفاع الشمس قدر رمح، يعني بعد تكامل طلوع قرص الشمس ببضع دقائق، إلىٰ قُبيل الزوال، وهو انتصاف النهار عندما تكون الشمس وسط السماء، فلا صلاة إلىٰ أن تميل الشمس ببضع دقائق.
The prescribed time for the Duha prayer is when the sun reaches the height of one spear or, in other words, a few minutes after the sun disk fully rises. It ends before the sun crosses its zenith, exactly at the middle of the day when the sun centers the sky. Then there is no prayer until the sun declines a few minutes later.
3/119ــ الثَّالثُ: عَنهُ قال: قال النَّبيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم : «عُرِضَتْ عَلَيَّ أعْمَالُ أمَّتي حَسَنُهَا وَسَيِّئُهَا، فَوَجَدْتُ في مَحَاسِنِ أَعْمَالِهَا الأذَىٰ يُمَاطُ عَنِ الطَّرِيقِ، وَوَجَدْتُ في مَسَاوِئ أعْمَالِهَا النَّخَاعَةُ تَكُونُ في المَسجِد لاَ تُدْفَنُ». رواه مسلم.
119/3 - Third: He also reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “The deeds of my nation, the good and the bad thereof, were presented to me. I found the removal of harm from the road among their good deeds, and the spittle in a masjid that was not buried among their bad deeds.” [Narrated by Muslim]
يماطُ: يزال.
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النخاعة: النخامة.
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1) يُستحب للإنسان إِذَا رأىٰ ما يؤذي أن يزيله عَنِ الطريق، فهذا من شعب الإيمان.
1) Upon seeing a harmful object in the street, it is recommended for the individual to remove it as this is an aspect of faith.
2) عدم احتقار الأعمال ولو كانت صغيرة، فإن ثوابها عند الله عظيم.
2) It denounces belittling deeds, however little they may seem, because Allah rewards them greatly.
3) الحث عَلىٰ إصلاح المساجد وطهارتها؛ لِما في ذلك من الأجر العظيم.
3) It urges cleaning and attending to the masjids due to the great reward involved.
إزالة النخامة وما شابه ذلك من المؤذيات يكون بأي طريق يحصل به المقصود، كالغسل أو المسح بالمناديل أو غير ذلك من المنظفات.
Removal of the spittle and similar harmful things is done by any means that serve the purpose, such as washing, wiping with tissues, or any other means of cleaning.
4/120 ــ الرابع: عنه أنَّ ناساً قالوا: يا رسُولَ الله ، ذَهَبَ أهْلُ الدُّثُورِ بِالأُجُورِ، يُصَلُّونَ كَمَا نُصَلِّي، وَيَصُومُونَ كَمَا نَصُومُ، وَيَتَصَدَّقُونَ بِفُضُولِ أمْوَالِهِمْ، قال: «أوَ لَيْسَ قَدْ جَعَلَ اللهُ لَكُمْ مَا تَصَدَّقُونَ بِهِ: إنَّ بِكُلِّ تَسْبِيحَةٍ صَدَقَةً، وَكُلِّ تكبِيرَةٍ صدقةً، وكلِّ تَحْمِيدَةٍ صدقةً، وكلِّ تَهْلِيلَةٍ صدقةً، وَأَمْرٌ بالمعْرُوفِ صدقةٌ، ونَهْيٌ عَنِ المُنْكَرِ صدقةٌ، وفي بُضْعِ أَحَدِكُمْ صدقةٌ» قالوا: يا رسُولَ الله، أَيَأتي أَحَدُنَا شَهْوَتَهُ، وَيَكُونُ لَهُ فيها أَجْرٌ؟! قال: «أَرَأَيْتُمْ لَوْ وَضَعَهَا في حَرَامٍ أَكَانَ عَلَيْهِ فيها وِزْرٌ؟ فكذلكَ إذا وضَعَهَا في الحَلاَلِ كانَ لَهُ أَجْرٌ». رواه مسلم.
120/4- Fourth: He also reported: “Some people said: ‘O Messenger of Allah! The wealthy people have taken all the rewards. They pray as we pray and fast as we fast, but they give charity from their excess wealth.’ He said: ‘Has Allah not given you something to give as charity? Every utterance of ‘glory be to Allah’ is charity; every utterance of ‘Allah is Great’ is charity; every utterance of ‘praise be to Allah’ is charity; every utterance of ‘there is no god but Allah’ is charity; commanding what is right is charity; forbidding what is wrong is charity; and there is charity in the lawful sexual intercourse.’ They said: ‘O Messenger of Allah! Does one of us satisfy his lust and he is rewarded for that?’ He replied: ‘What do you see if he satisfied it unlawfully, shall he not incur a sin? Likewise, if he satisfies it lawfully, he shall get a reward.’” [Narrated by Muslim]
«الدُّثُورُ» بالثاء المثلثة: الأموالُ، واحِدُها: دَثْرٌ.
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فضول: الزائد عَنِ الحاجة والكفاية.
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بُضع: بمعنىٰ الجماع.
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1) فضيلة ذكر الله تعالىٰ فهو من أعظم الصدقات.
1) It shows the excellence of the remembrance of Allah Almighty as it is one of the greatest forms of charity.
2) الأمر بالمعروف والنهي عَنِ المنكر من أفضل الصدقات، وهو عز الأمة وسبيل خيريتها؛ {كُنتُمۡ خَيۡرَ أُمَّةٍ أُخۡرِجَتۡ لِلنَّاسِ تَأۡمُرُونَ بِٱلۡمَعۡرُوفِ وَتَنۡهَوۡنَ عَنِ ٱلۡمُنكَرِ}.
2) Enjoining what is right and forbidding what is wrong is a great form of charity, and it is the means to this nation’s glory and goodness; Allah says: {You are the best nation ever raised for mankind: you enjoin what is right and forbid what is wrong}.
3) عَلىٰ الآمر بالمعروف والناهي عَنِ المنكر أن يَنويَ بعمله إصلاح الخلق، لا الانتصار عليهم.
3) The person commanding the right and forbidding the wrong should do so with the intention of reforming people rather than gaining the edge over them.
4) إِذَا استغنىٰ الرجل بالحلال عَنِ الحرام كَانَ لَهُ بهذا الاستغناء أجرٌ.
4) When the individual does what is lawful to avoid the unlawful, he shall be rewarded for it.
5) رحمة الله تعالىٰ بعباده المؤمنين، فقد جعل لهم الأجر حَتَّىٰ في شهواتهم المباحة.
5) It reflects the mercy of Allah Almighty as He designated a reward for His believing servants even when they indulge their permissible desires.
5/121 ــ الخامس: عنه قال: قال لي النَّبيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم : «لاَ تَحْقِرَنَّ مِنَ المَعْرُوفِ شَيْئاً، ولَوْ أَنْ تَلْقَىٰ أَخَاكَ بِوَجْهٍ طَلِيقٍ». رواه مسلم.
121/5- Fifth: He also reported: The Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said to me: “Do not belittle any good deed, even meeting your brother with a cheerful face.” [Narrated by Muslim]
طليق: ضاحك مستبشر.
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1) الاستبشار في وجه المؤمن صدقة يؤجر عليها العبد.
1) Displaying a cheerful face before fellow believers is a form of charity that the person is rewarded for.
2) المحافظة علىٰ فعل المعروف ولو كَانَ في نظر الناس قليلاً حقيراً، فَرُبَّ عملٍ قليل أورث عزاً وأجراً.
2) It urges consistent performance of good deeds even if it is insignificant in the sight of people, for perhaps a few good deeds may yield more honor and reward.
6/122 ــ السادس: عن أبي هريرةَ رضي الله عنه قال: قال رسُولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : «كُلُّ سُلاَمَىٰ مِنَ النَّاسِ عَلَيْهِ صَدَقَةٌ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ تَطْلُعُ فيه الشَّمْسُ: تَعْدِلُ بَيْنَ الاثْنَيْنِ صَدَقَةٌ، وَتُعِينُ الرَّجُلَ في دَابَّتِهِ، فَتَحْمِلُهُ عَلَيْهَا، أوْ تَرْفَعُ لَهْ عَلَيْهَا مَتَاعَهُ صدقةٌ، والكلِمَة الطَّيِّبَةُ صَدَقَةٌ، وَبِكُلِّ خَطْوَةٍ تَمْشِيها إلىٰ الصَّلاَةِ صَدَقَةٌ، وتُميطُ الأَذَىٰ عَنِ الطَّرِيقِ صَدَقَةٌ». متفق عليه.
122/6- Sixth: Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Charity is due upon every joint in a person’s body each day the sun rises: to judge justly between two people is a charity. To help a man with his mount, lifting him onto it or hoisting up his belongings onto it, is a charity. Saying a good word is a charity. Every step that you take towards the prayer is a charity, and removing a harmful object from the road is a charity.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
ورواه مسلم أيضاً من رواية عائشةَ رضي الله عنها قالت: قال رسُولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : «إنَّهُ خُلِقَ كُلُّ إنْسَانٍ مِنْ بَني آدَمَ عَلىٰ سِتِّينَ وثَلاثِمائَةِ مفْصلٍ، فَمَنْ كَبَّرَ اللهَ، وَحَمِدَ اللهَ، وَهَلَّلَ اللهَ، وَسَبَّحَ اللهَ، واسْتَغْفَرَ اللهَ، وَعَزَلَ حَجَراً عَنْ طَرِيقِ الناسِ أَوْ شَوْكَةً أَوْ عَظْماً عَن طَرِيقِ النَّاسِ، أَوْ أَمَرَ بمَعْروفٍ أَوْ نهىٰ عَنْ مُنكَرِ، عَدَدَ الستِّينَ وَالثَّلاثمائَةِ، فَإنَّهُ يُمْسِي يَوْمَئِذٍ وَقَدْ زَحْزَحَ نَفْسَهُ عَنِ النَّارِ».
Muslim also narrated it on the authority of ‘Ā’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) who reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Every one of the children of Adam has been created with three hundred and sixty joints; so he who glorifies Allah (says Allahu Akbar), praises Allah (says al-hamdulillah), declares oneness of Allah (says La ilāha illa Allah), exalts Allah (says Subhān Allah), seeks forgiveness from Allah, and removes a stone or a thorn or a bone from people’s path, and enjoins what is good and forbids what is evil, to the number of those three hundred and sixty joints, will have saved himself from the Fire by the end of that day.”
1) المؤمن إِذَا نوىٰ الخير وفعله أُجِرَ عليه، ولو كَانَ خطوة واحدة يمشيها إلىٰ طاعة.
1) The believer will be rewarded when he intends to do a good deed and proceeds to it even if it is a single step that he takes towards an act of obedience to Allah.
2) تنوّع العبادات والقربات في حياة المؤمنين، وهذا من رحمة الله تعالىٰ بهم ليزدادوا أجراً، ورغبةً في الخير.
2) It shows the diversification of good deeds in the life of the believers, which is a manifestation of the mercy of Allah Almighty so that they can gain greater rewards and be motivated to do good.
7/123 ــ السابع: عنه عن النَّبيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: «مَنْ غَدَا إلىٰ المَسْجِدِ أوْ رَاحَ، أَعَدَّ اللهُ لَهُ في الجَنَّةِ نُزُلاً كُلَّمَا غَدَا أوْ رَاحَ». متفق عليه.
123/7 - Seventh: He also reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “He who goes to the mosque in the morning or in the evening, Allah prepares an honorable abode with good hospitality for him in Paradise every time he goes to the masjid, in the morning or in the evening.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
«النُّزُلُ»: القُوتُ والرِّزْقُ وَمَا يُهَيَّأُ للضَّيْفِ.
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غدا: ذَهَبَ غدوة، أي: ذَهَبَ أول النهار.
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راح: الرواح يطلق عَلىٰ ما بعد الزوال.
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1) فضل الصلاة في المسجد، وفضل كثرة الغدو والرواح إليه.
1) It shows the excellence of attending prayer in the masjid, and the excellence of frequenting it in the mornings and the evenings.
2) بيان فضل الله _عز وجل_ عَلىٰ العبد؛ حيث يعطيه عَلىٰ مثل هذه الأعمال اليسيرة هذا الثواب الجزيل.
2) It demonstrates the favor of Allah, Glorified and Exalted, on the servant as He gives him such abundant rewards for such easy deeds.
8/124 ــ الثامن: عنه قال: قال رسولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : «يَا نِسَاءَ المُسْلِمَاتِ لاَ تحْقِرَنَّ جَارَةٌ لِجَارَتِهَا وَلَوْ فِرْسِنَ شَاةٍ». متفق عليه.
124/8- Eighth: He also reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “O Muslim women, none of you should consider insignificant (a gift) to give to her neighbor, even if it is the trotter of a sheep.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
قال الجوهري: الفِرْسِنُ مِنَ الْبَعِيرِ: كالحافِرِ مِنَ الدَّابَةِ، قال: ورُبَّما اسْتُعِيرَ في الشَّاةِ.
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1) الحث عَلىٰ الهدية بين المسلمين.
1) It urges Muslims to exchange gifts.
2) عَلىٰ العبد أن يهتم بجيرانه، ويحُسن إليهم، فهو باب من طرق الخير.
2) One should pay due care to his neighbors and treat them kindly because it is a means to good deeds.
3) وصية خاصة للنساء في حثهنَّ عَلىٰ أعمال الخير، وهذا من عناية الشريعة بأحكام النساء.
3) This instruction addresses women in particular, encouraging them to do good, which reflects the care the Sharia gave to the rulings pertaining to women.
9/125ــ التاسع: عنه عن النَّبيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: «الإيمَانُ بِضْعٌ وَسَبْعُونَ، أَوْ بِضْعٌ وَسِتُّونَ شُعْبَةً: فَأَفْضَلُهَا قَوْلُ لَا إلهَ إلَّا الله، وَأَدْنَاهَا إمَاطَةُ الأذَىٰ عَنِ الطَّرِيقِ، وَالحَيَاءُ شُعْبَةٌ مِنَ الإيمَانِ». متفقٌ عليه.
125/9- Ninth: He also reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Faith has over seventy branches or over sixty branches, the most excellent of which is the statement: La ilāha illa Allah (there is no god but Allah), and the lowest of which is the removal of what is harmful from the road; and modesty is a branch of faith.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
«البِضْعُ» من ثلاثة إلىٰ تسعة، بكسر الباء وقد تُفْتحُ. «وَالشُّعْبَةُ»: القطْعة.
"Over" means a number between three and nine; i.e, the branches of faith are between seventy three and seventy nine, or between sixty three and sixty nine. --
إماطة: إزالة.
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الحياءُ: خلق يبعث عَلىٰ فعلِ الجميل وتركِ الرذيل.
Modesty is a moral trait that prompts a person to do what is commendable and shun what is reprehensible.
1) فضل كلمة التوحيد: (لا إله إلَّا الله)، فهي من أعلىٰ شعب الإيمان؛ فَلْيجتهدِ العبد في العمل بمضمونها.
1) The merit of the Word of Tawhīd: La ilāha illa Allah, as it occupies the most superior branch of faith. So, one should strive to implement what it entails.
2) من الأخلاق الحميدة أن يكون العبد حيِّياً، إلَّا في الحق فإنه لا يُستحيىٰ منه.
2) A commendable trait is adhering to modesty and shyness, except in matters of truth wherein he must not shy away from announcing it.
10/126 ــ العاشر: عنه أنَّ رسولَ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: «بَيْنَمَا رَجُلٌ يَمْشِي بطَريق اشْتدَّ عَلَيْهِ الْعَطَشُ، فَوَجَدَ بِئْراً فَنَزَلَ فيها فَشَرِبَ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ فإذا كَلْبٌ يَلْهَث يَأْكُل الثَّرَىٰ مِنَ الْعَطَش، فقال الرَّجُل: لَقَدْ بَلَغَ هذَا الْكَلْبَ مِنَ الْعَطَش مِثْلُ الَّذي كَانَ قَدْ بَلَغَ مِنِّي، فَنَزَلَ الْبِئْرَ فَمَلأَ خُفَّه مَاءً ثُمَّ أمْسَكَه بِفِيهِ، حَتَّىٰ رَقِيَ فَسَقَىٰ الْكَلْبَ، فَشَكَرَ اللهُ لَه فَغَفَرَ لَه» قَالُوا: يا رسولَ الله إنَّ لَنَا في الْبَهَائِمِ أجْراً؟ فَقَالَ: في كُلِّ كَبِدٍ رَطْبَةٍ أجْرٌ» متفقٌ عليه.
126/10 - Tenth: He also reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “A man was walking on his way when he became extremely thirsty. He came upon a well so he went down into it and drank from its water. Upon coming out, he saw a panting dog eating the dirt (searching for water). The man thought to himself: ‘This dog is as thirsty as I was,’ so he again went down into the well, filled up his leather sock with water, and holding it in his mouth, climbed back up and quenched the thirst of the dog. Allah held his act in high esteem and so He forgave his sins.” The Companions asked: “O Messenger of Allah, shall we be rewarded for showing kindness to the animals?” He said: “A reward is given for (kindness to) every living creature.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
وفي رواية للبخاري: «فَشَكَرَ اللهُ لَه فَغَفَرَ لَه، فَأَدْخَلَه الْجَنَّةَ».
The wording of another narration of Al-Bukhāri reads: “Allah was thankful to him so He granted him forgiveness and admitted him to Paradise.”
وفي روايةِ لَهُمَا: «بَيْنَما كَلْبٌ يُطيف بِرَكِيَّةٍ قَدْ كَادَ يَقْتُلُه الْعَطَش، إذْ رَأتْه بَغِيٌّ مِنْ بَغَايَا بَنِي إسْرَائيلَ، فَنَزَعَتْ مُوقَهَا، فَاسْتَقَتْ لَهُ بِهِ، فَسَقَتْهُ، فَغُفِرَ لَهَا بِهِ».
In another narration by both Al-Bukhāri and Muslim: “While a dog was going round a well, almost dying of thirst, a prostitute from the Israelites saw it, so she took off her leather sock, filled it with water, and gave it to the dog to drink. Her sins were forgiven because of that.”
«الْمُوق»: الْخُفُّ. «وَيُطِيْفُ»: يدُورُ حَوْلَ «رَكِيةِ» وَهِيَ الْبِئْرُ.
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يلهث: يخرج لسانه من شدة العطش.
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الثرى: التراب الرطب.
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رقي: صعد.
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كبد رطبة: كل حيّ.
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1) العمل اليسير إِذَا تقبّله الله _عز وجل_ كان سبباً لدخول الجنة.
1) A minor good deed, if accepted by Allah, Glorified and Exalted, is a means to entering Paradise.
2) إن الأعمال الصغيرة مع صلاح النية تصبح كبيرة، وإن الأعمال الكبيرة مع الغفلة تصبح صغيرة، فمدار الأعمال علىٰ ما يقوم في القلب من النيات.
2) Minor deeds accompanied by a good intention become major, whereas major deeds accompanied by heedlessness become minor. In short, the intention in the heart is the criterion for judging any deed.
3) العبرة من القصص النبوي أن نأخذ الذكرىٰ والموعظة.
3) The purpose of Prophetic stories is to take admonition and lessons therefrom.
قال بعض التابعين: مَن كثرت ذنوبه فعليه بسقي الماء، فإذا غُفِرَتْ ذنوب الذي سقىٰ كلباً، فما ظنكم بمن سقىٰ مؤمناً موحّداً وأحياه بذلك!!
Some of the Tābi‘is (the generation that received their teachings from the Companions) said: “A person with excessive sins should offer drinking water. If Allah forgave the sins of those who quenched the thirst of a dog, how about [the reward] of the one who quenches the thirst of a believer and gave him life because of it?”
11/127 ــ الْحَادِي عَشَرَ: عَنْهُ عَنِ النَّبيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: «لَقَد رَأيْتُ رَجُلاً يَتَقلَّبُ فِي الْجَنَّةِ، في شَجَرةٍ قَطَعَهَا مِنْ ظَهْرِ الطَّريقِ كَانَتْ تُؤْذِي الْمُسْلِمِينَ». رواه مسلم.
127/11 - Eleventh: He also reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “I saw a man enjoying the pleasures of Paradise because he cut a tree from the road that was a source of inconvenience and harm to the Muslims.” [Narrated by Muslim]
وفي رواية: «مَرَّ رَجُل بِغُصْنِ شَجَرَةِ عَلَىٰ ظَهْرِ طَرِيقٍ فَقَالَ: وَالله لأُنحِّيَنَّ هذَا عَنِ الْمُسْلِمِين لا يُؤْذِيهمْ، فأُدْخِلَ الْجَنَّةَ».
In another version of the Hadīth, he said: “A man passed by a branch of a tree on a road, so he said: ‘By Allah, I will remove this away from (the path of) Muslims so that it would not harm them.’ So he was admitted to Paradise (on account of that).”
وفي رواية لَهما: «بَيْنَمَا رَجُلٌ يَمْشِي بِطَريقٍ وَجَدَ غُصْنَ شَوْكٍ عَلَىٰ الطَّريقِ، فأَخَّرَهُ فَشَكَرَ اللهُ لَهُ، فَغَفَر لَهُ».
In another version narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim: “While a man was walking on a road, he found a thorny branch of a tree lying there on the way so he pushed it aside. Allah thanked him for that deed and forgave him.”
يتقلبُ: يتنعم.
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لأنحّينَّ: لأزيلنَّ.
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1) فضيلة إزالة الأذىٰ عَنِ الطريق، فهو سبب لدخول الجنة.
1) The excellence of removing harm from the road as it is a means to entering Paradise.
2) من أزال عَنِ المسلمين الأذىٰ في أمر حسي بما يؤذيهم في أبدانهم فله هذا الثواب العظيم، فكيف بمن يزيل عنهم الأذىٰ المعنوي الَّذي يضرُّ بأديانهم. كالأخلاق السيئة، والأفكار الرديئة، والعقائد الفاسدة، والبدع المضلة؟!
2) Whoever removes physical harm that may cause physical harm to Muslims will be rewarded in abundance. So, how about the one who removes the intangible harm that tarnish their religion such as bad morals, ill thoughts, corrupt creeds, and religious innovations that lead astray?!
12/128 ــ الثَّاني عَشَرَ: عَنْهُ قَالَ: قَالَ رسولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : «مَنْ تَوَضَّأ فَأَحْسَنَ الْوُضُوءَ، ثُمَ أَتَىٰ الْجُمُعَةَ، فَاسْتَمَعَ وَأَنْصَتَ، غُفِرَ لَهُ مَا بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ الْجُمُعَةِ وَزِيادَةُ ثَلاثَةِ أيَّامٍ، وَمَنْ مَسَّ الْحَصَا فَقَدْ لَغَا». رواه مسلم.
128/12- Twelfth: He also reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “He who performs ablution properly and then comes to the Friday prayer and listens attentively and keeps silent, his sins between that Friday and the following Friday will be forgiven, with the addition of three more days; but he who touches the pebbles has engaged in idle activity.” [Narrated by Muslim]
لغا: ورد تفسير اللغو بمعنىٰ: أن تصيرَ الجمعة ظهراً، كما عند أبي داود وغيره.
"engaged in idle activity" means that the Friday prayer is now counted as Dhuhr prayer, as explained in the narrations of Abu Dāwūd and others.
1) الحضور إلىٰ الجمعة، مع إحسان الوضوء والاستماع والإنصات، كفارة إلىٰ الجمعة التي تليها وزيادة ثلاثة أيام.
1) Attending the Friday prayer, along with proper ablution and listening to the sermon attentively, are an expiation of sins committed between the Friday prayer and the following Friday prayer, with an additional three days forgiven.
2) فضيلة الاستماع إلىٰ الخطبة والإنصات ليأخذ الأجر كاملاً.
2) It shows the excellence of attentive listening to the sermon to secure the full reward.
مس الحصىٰ والعبث به يشبهه اليوم اللعب بالجوال أو الساعة، أو ما أشبه ذلك. فليحذر المؤمن من العبث أثناء الخطبة، وليكن حضوره وجلوسه عبادة حَتَّىٰ يفرغ من الصلاة.
Touching the pebbles and playing with them during the sermon resembles using the mobile phone or the watch today. So, one should beware of playing with anything during the sermon. Doing so will count his attendance and sitting as a form of worship until he concludes the prayer.
13/129 ــ الثَّالثَ عَشَرَ: عَنْهُ أنَّ رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: «إذَا تَوَضَّأَ الْعَبْدُ الْمُسْلِمُ ، أوِ الْمُؤمِنُ، فَغَسَلَ وَجْهَهُ خَرَجَ مِنْ وَجْهِهِ كُلُّ خَطِيئَةٍ نَظَرَ إلَيْهَا بِعَيْنِهِ مَعَ الْمَاءِ، أوْ مَعَ آخِرِ قَطْرِ الْمَاءِ، فَإذَا غَسَلَ يَدَيْهِ خَرَجَ مِنْ يَدَيْه كُلُّ خُطِيئَةٍ كَانَ بَطَشَتْها يَدَاهُ مَعَ المَاءِ، أوْ مَعَ آخِرِ قَطْرِ الْمَاءِ، فَإذَا غَسَلَ رِجْلَيْهِ خَرَجَتْ كُلُ خَطِيئَةٍ مَشَتْهَا رِجْلاهُ مَعَ الْمَاءِ، أوْ مَعَ آخِرِ قَطْرِ الْمَاءِ، حَتَّىٰ يَخْرُجَ نَقِيّاً مِنَ الذُّنُوبِ». رواه مسلم.
129/13- Thirteenth: He also reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “If a Muslim, or a believer, performs ablution, when he washes his face, every sin he has committed with his eyes is washed away with water or with the last drop of water; when he washes his hands, every sin he has committed with his hands is washed away with water or with the last drop of water; and when he washes his feet, every sin that his feet walked towards is washed away with water or with the last drop of water, until he comes out cleansed of all sins.” [Narrated by Muslim]
1) الوضوء من مكفرات الذنوب.
1) Ablution is a means for the expiation of sins.
2) التطهير في الوضوء يكون حسياً ومعنوياً؛ حسياً: بنظافة هذه الأعضاء، ومعنوياً: بتطهيرها من الذنوب التي ارتكبتها.
2) Cleansing during ablution is both tangible, when those parts of the body are cleaned, and intangible, when they are cleansed from the sins they committed.
3) رحمة الله تعالىٰ بهذه الأمة؛ حين شرع لها كفارات الذنوب وموجبات الرحمة.
3) It expresses the mercy of Allah Almighty conferred upon this nation as He legislated for it means that expiate sins and entail mercy.
14/130 ــ الرَّابعَ عَشَرَ: عنه عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: «الصَّلَوَاتُ الْخَمْسُ، وَالْجُمُعَةُ إلَىٰ الْجُمُعَةِ، وَرَمَضَانُ إلَىٰ رَمَضَانَ مُكَفِّرَاتٌ لِمَا بَيْنَهُنَّ إذَا اجْتُنِبَت الْكَبَائِرُ». رواه مسلم.
130/14- Fourteenth: He also reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “The five (daily) prayers, Friday prayer to the next Friday prayer, and Ramadan to the next Ramadan, are expiation of the sins committed in between them, so long as major sins are avoided.” [Narrated by Muslim]
ـ مكفرات لما بينهن: أي تمحو الخطايا والذنوب.
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ـ الكبائر: جمع كبيرة؛ وهي كل ذنب مُرتّبٌ عليه في الشريعة نفي الإيمان، أو لعن فاعله، أو أوجب حداً في الدنيا، أو وعيداً بعذاب في الآخرة.
Major sins: refer to every sin whose designation in the Sharia results in negation of faith, or its doer is cursed, or it mandates corporal punishment in the worldly life or the threat of punishment in the Hereafter.
1) أعظم مكفرات الذنوب: الصلوات الخمس، وحضور الجُمع، وصيام رمضان.
1) The greatest means for the expiation of sins are: the five daily prayers, attendance of Friday prayers, and fasting Ramadan.
2) الكبائر لابد لها من توبة خاصة. لعظيم خطرها علىٰ الإيمان.
2) Major sins require special repentance due to their immense danger on one’s faith.
15 /131 ــ الْخَامسَ عَشَرَ: عنه قال: قال رسولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : «ألا أَدلُّكُمْ عَلَىٰ مَا يَمْحُو اللهُ بِهِ الْخَطَايَا، وَيَرْفَعُ بِهِ الدَّرَجَاتِ؟» قالوا: بَلَىٰ يَا رَسُولَ الله، قال: «إسْبَاغُ الْوُضُوءِ عَلَىٰ الْمَكَارِهِ، وَكَثْرَةُ الْخُطَا إلَىٰ الْمَساجِدِ، وَانْتِظَارُ الصَّلاة بَعْدَ الصَّلاةِ، فَذلِكُمُ الرِّبَاطُ». رواه مسلم.
131/15 - Fifteenth: He also reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Shall I inform you of that by which Allah erases sins and raises ranks?” They said: “Yes, please do, O Messenger of Allah!” He said: “Performing ablution perfectly despite difficulties, taking many steps to masjids, and waiting for the next prayer after the last prayer; that is indeed the Ribāt.” [Narrated by Muslim]
إسباغ الوضوء عَلىٰ المكاره: إتمام الوضوء، وإعطاء كل عضو حقه، مع وجود المشقة غير المقصودة.
“Performing ablution perfectly despite difficulties”: means to complete the ablution and give each body part its due right despite the unintentional difficulty one may encounter.
الرباط: المرابطة للجهاد في سبيل الله .
"Ribāt": means stationing for Jihad for the sake of Allah.
1) من أسباب مكفرات الذنوب ورفع الدرجات: الوضوء، وكثرة الذهاب للمساجد، وحضور الصلوات فيها.
1) One of the means for the expiation of sins and elevation of one’s ranks is performing ablution, taking many trips to the masjid, and attending the congregational prayers therein.
2) إن المواظبة عَلىٰ الطاعات نوع من الجهاد في سبيل الله _عز وجل_، بل هي مقدمة للجهاد بالسلاح ضد أعداء الله تعالىٰ، فما لم يجاهد العبد نفسه ويصلحها في ذات الله تعالىٰ لا يمكنه مجاهدة أعداء الله.
2) Consistent observance of good deeds is a form of Jihad for the sake of Allah, Glorified and Exalted. Even more, they serve as a preamble to the armed Jihad against the enemies of Allah Almighty. If one failed to strive against himself and discipline it for the sake of Allah, he cannot engage in Jihad against the enemies of Allah.
16/132 ــ السادسَ عَشَرَ: عن أَبي موسىٰ الأشْعَرِيِّ رضي الله عنه قال: قال رسولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : «مَنْ صَلَّىٰ الْبَرْدَيْنِ دَخَلَ الْجَنَّةَ». متفقٌ عليه.
132/16- Sixteenth: Abu Mūsa al-Ash‘ari (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Whoever prays the Bardayn (Fajr and ‘Asr prayers) will enter Paradise.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
«الْبَرْدَانِ»: الصُّبْحُ وَالْعَصْرُ.
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1) فضيلة صلاتَي الفجر والعصر، فهاتان الصلاتان هما أفضل الصلوات.
1) It shows the excellence of the two prayers: Fajr and ‘Asr.
2) إن المحافظة علىٰ هاتين الصلاتين، وإقامتهما من أسباب دخول الجنة.
2) Consistent observance of these two prayers is a means to entering Paradise.
17/133 ــ السابعَ عَشَرَ: عنه قال: قال رسولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : «إذَا مَرِضَ الْعَبْدُ أوْ سَافَرَ كُتِبَ لَهُ مِثْلُ مَا كَانَ يَعْمَلُ مُقِيماً صَحِيحاً». رواه البخاري.
133/17- Seventeenth: He also reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “If a person falls ill or travels, he shall be credited with whatever good deeds he used to perform while at home and in good health.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri]
1) علىٰ المؤمن حال الصحة والفراغ أن يحرص عَلىٰ الأعمال الصالحة.
1) The believer should seize his times of health and leisure to do good deeds.
2) العمل بالطاعة وقت العافية والرخاء، يجبر للعبد النقص حال الانشغال، فَلْيحرصِ المؤمن عَلىٰ الاستزادة من الباقيات الصالحات، كلما هبت من الإيمان نفحات.
2) Doing good deeds at times of health and leisure compensates for any shortcomings at times of preoccupation. Therefore, the believer should increase his record of the lasting good deeds whenever he experiences unexpected blessings.
18/134 ــ الثَّامنَ عَشَرَ: عَنْ جَابِرٍ رضي الله عنه قال: قال رسولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : «كُلُّ مَعْرُوفٍ صَدَقَةٌ». رواه البخاري، ورواه مسلم مِن رواية حُذَيْفَةَ رضي الله عنه.
134/18- Eighteenth: Jābir (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Every act of goodness is charity.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri, while Muslim narrated it on the authority of Hudhayfah (may Allah be pleased with him)]
المعروف: ما عُرف حسنهُ في الشرع، وعند الناس.
Goodness: what is commonly regarded as good in Sharia and among people.
1) الحرص عَلىٰ فعل المعروف، فإنه قربة إلىٰ الله تعالىٰ، ومكفر للذنوب والخطايا.
1) It urges keenness on doing good deeds, as this draws one closer to Allah Almighty and is a means to the expiation of sins.
2) إن المعروف المرغب به أبوابه كثيرة؛ بالأقوال والأفعالِ، بل الأخلاق الحسنة من المعروف، فأين الدعاة الصامتون؟! الذين يدعون الناس إلىٰ الجنة بأفعالهم وحسن أخلاقهم.
2) The encouraged goodness is diverse and abundant, done by words or deeds, or even by good morals. So, where are the silent preachers; those who invite people to Paradise by their conduct and good morals?!
19/135 ــ التَّاسعَ عَشَرَ: عَنْهُ قال: قال رسولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : «مَا مِنْ مُسْلِمٍ يَغرِسُ غَرْساً إلَّا كَانَ مَا أُكِلَ مِنْهُ لَهُ صَدَقَةً، وَمَا سُرِقَ مِنْه لَه صَدَقَةً، ولا يَرْزَؤُهُ أحَدٌ إلَّا كَانَ لَه صَدَقَةً». رواه مسلم. وفي رواية له: «فَلا يَغْرِس المسْلِم غَرْساً، فَيَأْكُلَ مِنْه إنْسَانٌ وَلا دَابَّةٌ وَلا طَيْرٌ إلَّا كَانَ لَه صَدَقَةً إلَىٰ يَوْم الْقيَامَة».
135/19 - Nineteenth: He also reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “No Muslim plants a plant except that whatever is eaten from it will be counted for him as charity, and whatever is stolen from it will be counted for him as charity, and whatever is decreased from it will be counted for him as charity.” [Narrated by Muslim] In another version also narrated by him: “No Muslim plants a tree, then a man, a beast, or a bird eats from it, but it will be counted as charity for him until the Day of Judgment.”
وفي رواية له: «لا يَغْرِس مُسْلِم غَرْساً، وَلا يَزْرَع زَرْعاً، فَيَأْكُلَ مِنْه إنْسَانٌ وَلا دَابَّةٌ وَلا شَيءٌ إلَّا كَانَتْ لَه صَدَقَةً» وَرَوَيَاه جَميعاً مِنْ رواية أنَسٍ رضي الله عنه.
In a third version narrated by him: “No Muslim plants a tree or sows a field, then a man, a beast, or anything else eats from it, but it will be counted as charity for him.” All the versions were narrated on the authority of Anas (may Allah be pleased with him).
قولُهُ: «يَرْزَؤُهُ» أَيْ: يَنْقُصُهُ.
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1) الحث عَلىٰ الزرع والغرس؛ لما فيه من المصالح الدينية والدنيوية.
1) It urges planting trees and plants due to the religious and worldly benefits this involves.
2) بيان كثرة طرق الخير وتنوعها.
2) It shows the abundant and diverse means of good deeds.
3) المصالح والمنافع إِذَا انتفع الناس بها كانت خيراً لصاحبها التي تسبب بهاوإن لم ينوِها، فإن نوىٰ ازداد خيراً عَلىٰ خير. {وَمَن يَفۡعَلۡ ذَٰلِكَ ٱبۡتِغَآءَ مَرۡضَاتِ ٱللَّهِ فَسَوۡفَ نُؤۡتِيهِ أَجۡرًا عَظِيمٗا} [النساء: 114].
3) Establishing public services benefits its founder when people make use of it, even if the founder had not intended so. If he intended to benefit people thereby, his reward will be multiplied; {Anyone who does that, seeking Allah’s pleasure, We will give him a great reward.} [Surat an-Nisā’: 114]
20/136 ــ العشْرُونَ: عَنْهُ قالَ: أرَادَ بَنُو سَلِمَةَ أن يَنْتَقِلُوا قُرْبَ الْمَسْجِدِ، فَبَلَغَ ذلكَ رسولَ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ، فَقَالَ لَهُمْ: «إنَّهُ قَدْ بَلَغَنِي أَنَّكُمْ تُرِيدُونَ أنْ تَنْتَقلُوا قُرْبَ الْمَسْجدِ؟» فَقَالُوا: نَعَمْ يَا رسولَ الله، قَدْ أَرَدْنَا ذلكَ، فَقَالَ: «بَنِي سَلِمَةَ، ديَارَكُمْ تُكْتبْ آثَارُكُمْ، دِيَارَكُمْ تَكْتبْ آثَارُكُمْ». رواه مسلم. وفي روايةِ: «إنَّ بِكُلِّ خَطْوَةٍ دَرَجَةً». رواه مسلم. ورواه البخاري أيضاً بِمَعْنَاهُ مِنْ رواية أنَس رضي الله عنه.
136/ 20- Twentieth: He also reported: “The tribe of Banu Salimah wanted to move closer to the masjid. On learning this, the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said to them: ‘I was told that you intend to move closer to the masjid.’ They said: ‘That is true, O Messenger of Allah, we want to.’ He said: ‘O Banu Salimah, stay in your neighborhood, your footsteps are recorded for you; stay in your neighborhood, your footsteps are recorded for you.’” [Narrated by Muslim] In another version of the Hadīth, he said: “Every footstep merits one higher rank.” [Narrated by Muslim] Al-Bukhāri narrated a Hadīth with the same meaning on the authority of Anas (may Allah be pleased with him).
و«بَنُو سَلِمَهَ» بكسر اللام: قبيلة معروفة من الأنصار رضي الله عنهم، و«آثَارُهُمْ» خُطَاهُمْ.
Banu Salimah: a well-known tribe from the Ansār (may Allah be pleased with them). --
ديارَكم تُكتب آثارُكم: الزموا منازلكم، ولو كانت بعيدة عَنِ المسجد، تكتب لكم خطواتكم كل خطوة بحسنة أو درجة.
Stay in your neighborhood, your footsteps are recorded for you: do not move from your houses even if they were distant from the masjid, as your footsteps are recorded as good deeds; each step counts as a good deed or a higher rank.
1) كثرة الخطىٰ إلىٰ المساجد من جملة مكفرات الذنوب ورفع الدرجات.
1) Taking many steps to the masjid is among the means to the expiation of sins and elevation of ranks.
2) التثبت في الأخبار قبل الحكم، لسؤال النَّبيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم إياهم قبل أن يحكم.
2) It instructs verifying any piece of news before making a judgment, as reflected in the Prophet’s question to them before he passed his judgment.
21/137 ــ الْحَادي وَالعشْرُونَ: عَنْ أبي الْمُنْذِر أُبيِّ بنِ كَعبٍ رضي الله عنه قال: كَانَ رَجُلٌ لا أَعْلَمُ رَجُلاً أَبْعَدَ مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ مِنْهُ، وَكَانَ لا تُخْطِئُهُ صَلاةٌ، فَقِيلَ لَهُ، أوْ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: لَو اشْتَرَيْتَ حِمَاراً تَرْكَبُهُ في الظَّلْمَاءِ، وَفي الرَّمْضَاءِ، فَقَالَ: مَا يَسُرُّني أنَّ مَنْزِلي إلَىٰ جَنْب الْمَسْجِدِ، إنِّي أُرِيدُ أَنْ يُكْتَبَ لِي مَمْشَايَ إلَىٰ الْمَسْجِدِ، وَرُجُوعِي إذَا رَجَعْتُ إلَىٰ أهْلي، فَقَالَ رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : «قَدْ جَمَعَ الله لَكَ ذلِكَ كُلَّهُ». رواه مسلم. وفي رواية: «إنَّ لَكَ مَا احْتَسَبْتَ».
137/21- Twenty-first: Abu al-Mundhir Ubay ibn Ka‘b (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: “There was a man who, as far as I know, lived farther from the masjid than anyone else, and he never missed a prayer. It was said to him or I said to him: ‘If only you would buy a donkey so that you may ride it in the darkness and the scorching heat.’ He said: ‘I do not like that my house be near the masjid, for I want the steps I take to the masjid and back from it to my family to be recorded for me.’ Upon this, the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: ‘Verily, Allah has gathered all of that for you.’” [Narrated by Muslim] In another version: “You shall have the reward you expected.”
«الرَّمْضَاءُ»: الأرْضُ التِي أَصَابَهَا الْحَرُّ الشَّديدُ.
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«لا تخطئه»: لا تفوته.
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1) إن للنية أثراً كبيراً في صحة الأعمال وثوابها، فكلما كَانَ الإنسان أصدق إخلاصاً لله، وأقوىٰ اتباعاً لرسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم كَانَ أكثر أجراً، وأعظم مثوبة عند الله _عز وجل_.
1) Intention has a great effect on the validity of deeds and their reward. The more sincere a person is to Allah and the stronger his compliance is with the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him), the greater his reward.
2) من عمل خيراً ولو خطوة إلىٰ المسجد، فإن الله يجمع لَهُ أجر ذلك ولا يفوته شيء.
2) Anyone who does good deeds, even as little as a step towards the masjid, will have all of his reward gathered for him by Allah without missing a single portion thereof.
22/138 ــ الثَّاني وَالعشْرُونَ: عَنْ أَبي محمد عبدِ الله بنِ عمرو بن العاص رضي الله عنهما قال: قال رسولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : «أَرْبَعُونَ خَصْلَةً أَعْلاهَا مَنِيحَةُ الْعَنْزِ، مَا مِنْ عَامِلٍ يَعْمَل بِخَصْلَةٍ مِنْهَا رَجَاءَ ثَوَابِهَا وَتَصْدِيقَ مَوْعُودِهَا إلَّا أَدْخَلَهُ اللهُ بِهَا الْجَنَّةَ». رواه البخاري.
138/22 - Twenty-second: Abu Muhammad ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Amr ibn al-‘Ās (may Allah be pleased with him and his father) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “There are forty kinds of good deeds, the best of which is the Manīhah (lending) of a milch goat. Anyone who carries out any of these deeds seeking its reward with firm confidence that he will receive it, Allah will admit him to Paradise by virtue of it.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri]
«الْمَنِيحَة»: أنْ يُعْطِيَهُ إيَّاهَا لِيَأْكُلَ لَبَنَهَا، ثُمَّ يَردَّهَا إلَيْهِ.
Lending here means to give the goat to someone to milk it and drink its milk then return it.
خصلة: نوعاً.
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موعودها: ما ورد من الوعد.
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1) تنوع خصال الخير، وكثرة مفاتيح البر، فالموفَّق من وفّقه الله، والمحروم من حُرم.
1) It shows the diversity and abundance of the means to good deeds. A fortunate one is indeed guided by Allah while the unfortunate is deprived of this guidance.
2) مدار الأعمال عَلىٰ الصدق والإخلاص لله تعالىٰ، حَتَّىٰ ينال العامل أجره.
2) Sincerity and honesty are the criteria for deeds that, once fulfilled, the doer will obtain the designated reward.
3) العمل الصالح سبب لدخول الجنة بعد رحمة الله تعالىٰ.
3) Good deeds serve as a means to entering Paradise, second in rank to the mercy of Allah Almighty.
23/139 ــ الثَّالثُ وَالعشْرُونَ: عَنْ عَدِيِّ بنِ حَاتِمٍ رضي الله عنه قال: سَمِعْتُ النَّبيَ صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول: «اتَّقُوا النَّارَ وَلَوْ بِشقِّ تَمْرَةٍ». متفقٌ عليه.
139/23 - Twenty-third: ‘Adi ibn Hātim (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: I heard the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) say: “Avoid Hellfire even by half a date.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
وفي رواية لهما عنه قال: قال رسولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : «مَا مِنْكُمْ مِنْ أَحَدٍ إلَّا سَيُكَلِّمُه رَبُّه لَيْس بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَه تَرْجُمَانٌ، فَيَنْظُر أَيْمَنَ مِنْهُ فَلا يَرَىٰ إلَّا مَا قَدَّمَ، وَيَنْظُر أَشْأَمَ مِنْهُ فَلا يَرَىٰ إلَّا مَا قَدَّمَ، وَيَنْظُر بَيْنَ يَدَيْه فَلا يَرَىٰ إلَّا النَّارَ تِلْقَاءَ وَجْهِهِ، فاتَّقُوا النَّارَ وَلَوْ بِشِقِّ تَمْرةٍ، فَمَنْ لَمْ يَجدْ فَبِكَلِمَةٍ طَيِّبَةٍ».
In another version, Al-Bukhāri and Muslim narrated on the authority of ‘Adi: The Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “There is no one among you except that His Lord will speak to him, with no interpreter between them. He will look to his right and will see nothing except what he has put forth (of deeds) and he will look to his left and will see nothing except what he has put forth. He will look in front of him and see nothing except the Fire in front of his face. So avoid the Fire even with half a date (in charity). Whoever does not even find that, then with a kind word.”
ترجمان: المترجم: وهو الَّذي ينقل الكلام من لغة إلىٰ لغة أخرى.
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أَشْأَم: جهة الشمال وهو عكس اليمين.
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1) سيقف العبد بين يدي الله تعالىٰ، محيطة به أعماله، والنار معروضة أمامه. فماذا قدم؟!
1) Everyone will stand before Allah Almighty, surrounded by his deeds, and the hellfire within his sight; so, what did he put forth?
2) إثبات صفة الكلام لله _عز وجل_، وأنه سبحانه وتعالىٰ يتكلم يوم القيامة بكلام مسموع مفهوم، لا يحتاج إلىٰ ترجمة. هكذا أخبر الصادق المصدوق صلى الله عليه وسلم .
2) It affirms the attribute of Speech to Allah, Glorified and Exalted. He, Glorified and Exalted, will speak on the Day of Judgment in understandable audible words needless of an interpreter. This is what is told by the truthful trusted Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him).
3) الصدقة ـ وإن قلّت ـ فإنها تنجي من النار.
3) Charity, even if it is little, saves from hellfire.
4) إن قراءة القرآن والذكر، وتعلم العلم وتعليمه؛ كل ذلك من أعظم الكلم الطيب.
4) Recitation of the Qur’an and Dhikr, and learning and teaching religious knowledge are all forms of good speech.
24/140 ــ الرَّابع وَالعشْرونَ: عَن أنسٍ رضي الله عنه قال: قال رسولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : «إنَّ اللهَ لَيَرْضَىٰ عَنِ الْعَبْدِ أنْ يَاْكُلَ الأَكْلَةَ فَيَحْمَدَهُ عَلَيْهَا، أوْ يَشْرَبَ الشَّرْبَةَ فَيَحْمَدَهُ عَلَيْهَا». رواه مسلم.
140/24 - Twenty-fourth: Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Allah is pleased with one who eats a meal and praises Him for it, or who drinks some drink and praises Him for it.” [Narrated by Muslim]
وَ«الأكْلَة بفتح الهمزة»: وَهيَ الْغَدْوَة أوِ الْعَشْوَة.
A meal: refers to lunch or dinner.
1) رضا الله _عز وجل_ قد يُنال بأدنىٰ سبب.
1) The pleasure of Allah Almighty could be obtained by the simplest of means.
2) للأكل والشرب آداب فعلية: كالأكل باليمين، وآداب قولية: كالتسمية في أوله، بقول: «بسم الله»، والحمد في آخره.
2) Eating and drinking require some physical manners, such as eating with the right hand, and verbal manners, such as saying Bismillah (in the name of Allah) at the beginning and saying Al-hamdulillah (praise be to Allah) at the end.
قوله «أن يأكل الأكلة»: ليس المراد أنه كلما أكلتَ لقمة قلتَ: الحمد لله، ولكن المقصود: إِذَا انتهيت من الأكل حمدت الله _عز وجل_، فذلك هو هدي النَّبيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم وأدبه.
The phrase "eats a meal" does not mean saying al-hamduillah after every bite of food. Rather, it means when you finish eating altogether, you praise Allah, Glorified and Exalted; as this is the guidance and manners of the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him).
25/141 ــ الْخَامس وَالعشْرُونَ: عن أبي موسىٰ رضي الله عنه عَنِ النَّبيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: «عَلَىٰ كُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ صَدَقَةٌ» قالَ: أَرَأيْتَ إنْ لَمْ يَجدْ؟ قالَ: «يَعْمَلُ بيَدَيْهِ فَيَنْفَعُ نَفْسَه وَيَتَصَدَّقُ»: قالَ: أرَأيْتَ إنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطعْ؟ قالَ: «يُعِينُ ذَا الْحَاجَةِ الْمَلْهُوفَ» قالَ: أرَأيْتَ إنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطعْ؟ قالَ: «يَأْمُرُ بِالمَعْروفِ أوِ الْخَيْرِ» قالَ: أرَأيْتَ إنْ لَمْ يَفْعَلْ؟ قالَ: «يُمْسِكُ عَنِ الشَّرِّ فَإنَّهَا صَدَقَةٌ». متفقٌ عليه.
141/25 - Twenty-fifth: Abu Mūsa (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “A charity is due upon every Muslim.” It was said: “What if he finds nothing (to give in charity)?” He said: “He should work with his hands to benefit himself and give charity (from his earnings).” It was said: “What if he is not able to do so?” He said: “He should help one who is in desperate need.” It was said: “What if he is not able to do so?” He said: “He should enjoin what is good.” It was said: “What if he does not do that?” He said: “He should refrain from doing evil, for that is an act of charity.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
الملهوف: من وقع في شدة وكربة، واحتاج من يساعده.
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1) كل نفع يعود عَلىٰ المرء أو غيره، فإنه من الخير المرغَّب فيه.
1) Every deed that benefits oneself or others is an encouraged act of goodness.
2) الإمساك عَنِ الشر صدقة، وهذا من تنوع مفاتيح الخير.
2) Refraining from doing evil is a form of charity, which reflects the diversity of good deeds.
3) كلما عظم النفع، وصار عاماً للناس غير مقصورٍ علىٰ الأفراد، كَانَ أفضل أجراً، وأحسن أثراً.
3) The greater the benefit extending beyond limited individuals, the greater the reward and the effect.