1/1775 ــ عَنْ أَنسٍ رضي الله عنه قَالَ: نَهَىٰ رَسُولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم أَنْ يَبِيعَ حَاضِرٌ لِبَادٍ، وَإنْ كانَ أَخَاهُ لأبِيهِ وَأُمِّهِ. متفق عليه.
1775/1 - Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: “The Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) forbade that a town-dweller should sell for a desert-dweller, even if he is his full brother.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
2/1776 ــ وَعَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ رضي الله عنهما قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: «لا تَتَلَقَّوُا السِّلَعَ حَتَّىٰ يُهْبَطَ بهَا إلىٰ الأسْوَاقِ». متفقٌ عليه.
1776/2 - Ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him and his father) reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Do not go to meet the merchandise till they arrive in the markets.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
3/1777 ــ وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رضي الله عنهما قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: «لا تتَلَقَّوُا الرُّكْبَانَ، وَلا يَبعْ حَاضِرٌ لِبَادٍ». فَقَالَ لَهُ طَاووسُ: مَا قوله: لا يَبعْ حَاضِرٌ لِبَادٍ؟ قال: لا يَكُونُ لَهُ سِمْسَاراً. متفق عليه.
1777/3 - Ibn ‘Abbās (may Allah be pleased with him and his father) reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Do not go to meet the caravans, and let no town-dweller sell for a desert-dweller.” Tāwūs said to him: “What is the meaning of ‘and let no town-dweller sell for a desert-dweller’?” He said: “He should not act as a broker for him.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
حاضر لباد: الحاضر من يسكن الحاضرة، وهي: المدينة، والبادي: من يسكن البادية.
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تلقي الركبان: هو أن يستقبل الحضريُّ البدويَّ قبل وصوله إلىٰ البلد.
Do not go to meet the caravans: Let town-dwellers not go to receive the coming desert-dwellers before they arrive in the town.
1) من حكمة تحريم بيع حاضر لبادٍ ألا يُخَدع البائعُ البدويُّ، فهو لا يعرف أسعار البضاعة في السوق.
1) Part of the wisdom behind the prohibition of a town-dweller selling for a desert-dweller is that the town-dweller should not deceive the desert-dweller, for the latter does not know the prices in the market.
2) الإسلام ضَمِن للجاهل أو الغافل حقه أثناء البيع والشراء، وبذلك هدم القاعدة الجائرة المتعارف عليها: (القانون لا يحمي المُغفَّلين) و(القانون لا يحمل المغفلين)!
2) Islam guarantees the ignorant and unaware their right during sale transactions, thus destroying the unjust common rule that says: “Law does not protect fools.”
3) صلة النسب لا تبيح شيئاً مما حرمه الله، فَلْيحرصِ المؤمن علىٰ إقامة شرع الله تعالىٰ، ولو عارض ذلك مصالح القرابة.
3) Blood relationship does not make the unlawful lawful. So, a believer should be keen to establish the Shariah of Allah, even if this contradicts the kinship interests.
4/1778 ــ وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رضي الله عنه قَالَ: نَهَىٰ رَسُولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم أَنْ يَبِيعَ حَاضِرٌ لِبَادٍ، وَلا تنَاجَشُوا، وَلا يَبِيعُ الرَّجُلُ عَلىٰ بَيْعِ أَخِيهِ، وَلا يَخْطبُ عَلىٰ خِطْبَةِ أخِيهِ، وَلا تَسْأَلُ المَرْأَةُ طَلاقَ أُخْتِهَا لِتكْفَأَ مَا في إنَائِهَا. وفي رِوَايَةٍ قَالَ: نَهَىٰ رَسُولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم عَنِ التَّلَقِّي، وَأَنْ يَبْتَاعَ المُهَاجِرُ لِلأعْرَابِيِّ، وَأَنْ تَشْتَرِطَ المَرْأَةُ طَلاقَ أُخْتِهَا، وَأَنْ يَسْتَامَ الرَّجُلُ عَلىٰ سَوْمِ أَخِيهِ، وَنَهَىٰ عَنِ النَّجَشِ وَالتَّصْرِيَةِ. متفق عليه.
1778/4 - Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: “The Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) forbade that a town-dweller should sell for a desert-dweller; and similarly Najash was forbidden. And one should not urge somebody to return the goods to the seller so as to sell him his own goods; nor should one demand the hand of a girl who has already been engaged to someone else; and a woman should not try to cause some other woman to be divorced in order to take her place.” Another narration reads: “The Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) forbade the people from meeting the caravan on the way for entering into business transaction with them; a town-dweller from selling for a desert-dweller; a woman from stipulating that another woman be divorced; and a man from selling his product by canceling the sale of his brother’s product; and he forbade the practice of Najash (falsely overpricing) and leaving the milch animals unmilked to deceive the buyer.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
5/1779 ــ وَعَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ رضي الله عنهما أَنَّ رَسُولَ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ: «لا يَبِعْ بَعْضُكُمْ عَلىٰ بَيْعِ بَعْضٍ، وَلا يَخْطُبْ عَلىٰ خِطْبَةِ أَخِيهِ إلَّا أَنْ يَأْذَنَ لَهُ». متَّفقٌ عليه، وهذا لَفْظُ مسلمٍ.
1779/5 - Ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him and his father) reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “None of you should enter into a transaction already entered into by his brother, and none should make a proposal of marriage upon the proposal already made by his brother, unless he permits it.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim - this is his wording]
6/1780 ــ وَعَنْ عُقْبهَّ بْنِ عَامِرٍ رضي الله عنه أَنَّ رَسُولَ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ: «المُؤْمِنُ أَخُو المُؤْمِنِ، فَلاَ يَحِلُ لِمُؤْمِنٍ أَنْ يَبْتَاعَ عَلَىٰ بَيْعِ أَخِيهِ، وَلاَ يَخْطُبَ عَلَىٰ خِطْبَةِ أَخِيهِ حَتَّىٰ يذَرَ». رواهُ مسلمٌ.
1780/6 - ‘Uqbah ibn ‘Āmir (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “The believer is the brother of the believer. So, it is not lawful for a believer to enter into a transaction already entered into by his brother, nor to make a proposal of marriage upon the proposal already made by his brother, until he gives it up.” [Narrated by Muslim]
النجش: الزيادة في الثمن مخادعة وتغريراً لغيره.
Najash: to overprice a product with the aim of deceiving a buyer.
لتكفأ ما في إنائها: مأخوذ من كفأتُ القِدْرَ: أي قلبتُه، والمراد: زواجها بالرجل بدل أختها في الدِّين.
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يستام الرجل علىٰ سوم أخيه: هو أن يتفق مالك السلعة والراغب فيها علىٰ المبيع، ويركنا إلى البيع، وإن لم يعقداه بعدُ، فيأتي آخر للبائع فيقول له: أنا أشتري سلعتك.
A man from selling his product by canceling the sale of his brother’s product: This is when the seller and buyer have agreed on the sale transaction and are close to finalizing it, and then another person comes and tells the seller: I will buy your commodity.
التصرية: جمع اللبن في ضرع الناقة أو الشاة عند إرادة بيعها، حتىٰ يعظم ضرعها، غشاً وخديعة، فيظن المشتري أن كثرة لبنها عادة لها دائمة.
Some people tend to leave the animals unmilked when they intend to sell them so that their udders look bigger and the buyer gets misled into believing that the animals produce abundant milk, which is not the case.
1) تحريم رفع السعر في البيع بقصد الخديعة، وتحريم بيع الرجل علىٰ بيع أخيه، وتحريم السوم علىٰ سوم المسلم بعد استقرار الثمن، والركون إلىٰ البيع.
1) It is prohibited to overprice a product in a sale transaction for the purpose of deceiving buyers. It is also prohibited for a man to enter into a sale transaction already entered by another man or to seek to buy his product by trying to cancel the sale of another person’s product, after the seller and buyer have already agreed on the price and are close to completing the deal.
2) النهي عن كل ما يحدث الفرقة والشقاق بين المرأة وزوجها، ويوغر الصدور بالحقد والكراهية.
2) Anything that causes discord and separation between a man and his wife and inspires rancor and hatred within their hearts is prohibited.
3) تحريم كل أنواع الغش والمخادعة، وكل ما يُلحق الضرر بالمسلمين.
3) All kinds of cheating and deception are prohibited, and so is anything that harms Muslims.
4) من نِعَمِ هذه الشريعة أنها سعت لتوثيق عرىٰ الأخوة الإيمانية، وحذرت من كل ما يفسدها.
4) One of the excellent aspects of this Shariah is that it seeks to deepen the bond of brotherliness between Muslims and warns of anything that spoils it.