قال الله تعالىٰ: {وَٱعۡبُدُواْ ٱللَّهَ وَلَا تُشۡرِكُواْ بِهِۦ شَيۡٔٗاۖ وَبِٱلۡوَٰلِدَيۡنِ إِحۡسَٰنٗا وَبِذِي ٱلۡقُرۡبَىٰ وَٱلۡيَتَٰمَىٰ وَٱلۡمَسَٰكِينِ وَٱلۡجَارِ ذِي ٱلۡقُرۡبَىٰ وَٱلۡجَارِ ٱلۡجُنُبِ وَٱلصَّاحِبِ بِٱلۡجَنۢبِ وَٱبۡنِ ٱلسَّبِيلِ وَمَا مَلَكَتۡ أَيۡمَٰنُكُمۡۗ} [النساء: 36].
Allah Almighty says: {Worship Allah and do not associate any partners with Him. Be kind to parents, relatives, orphans, the needy, near and distant neighbors, close friends, wayfarers, and slaves whom you own} [Surat an-Nisā’: 36]
1) القيام بحق الجار وصية الله تعالىٰ لعباده؛ فقد جمع بين القيام بالعبودية لله تعالىٰ والوصية بالجار.
1) Fulfilling the rights of the neighbor is Allah’s commandment to His slaves. Allah Almighty joined between establishing worship of Him and enjoining good treatment to neighbors.
2) حفظ حق الجار يكون بالإحسان القولي والفعلي، وكف الأذىٰ عنه.
2) Guarding the neighbor’s right is achieved by being kind to him in terms of words and actions and refraining from harming him.
1/303 ــ وعن ابنِ عُمرَ وعائشةَ رضي الله عنهما قالا: قال رسولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: « مَا زَالَ جِبريلُ يُوصِينِي بِالجَارِ حَتَّىٰ ظَنَنْتُ أَنَّهُ سَيُوَرِّثُهُ». متفقٌ عليه.
303/1- Ibn ‘Umar and ‘Āishah (may Allah be pleased with them) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Jibrīl (Gabriel) kept enjoining the good treatment of the neighbor to the extent that I thought he would include the neighbor as an heir.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
سيورثه: سينزل الوحي بتوريثه لشدة العناية.
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1) للجار حق عظيم، فيجب حفظ جواره، ومراعاته بالإحسان إليه، ودفع الضرر عنه.
1) A neighbor enjoys a great right in Islam. Thus, he should be honored by offering him kind treatment and warding harm away from him.
2) جواز التحدث بما يقع في النفس من أمور الخير.
2) It is permissible to verbalize the good thoughts that one harbors within himself.
2/304 ــ وعن أبي ذرٍّ رضي الله عنه قال: قال رسولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: «يَا أبَا ذرٍّ، إذا طَبَخْتَ مَرَقَةً فَأَكْثِرْ ماءَها، وَتَعَاهَدْ جِيرَانَكَ». رواه مسلم.
304/2- Abu Dharr (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “O Abu Dharr, when you prepare broth, add more water to it and give some of it to your neighbors.” [Narrated by Muslim]
وفي رواية له عن أبي ذرٍّ قال: إن خليلي صلى الله عليه وسلم أَوْصَاني: «إذا طَبَخْتَ مَرَقاً فَأَكْثِرْ مَاءَه، ثُمَّ انْظُرْ أَهْلَ بَيْتٍ مِنْ جِيرَانِكَ، فَأَصِبْهُمْ مِنْهَا بِمَعْرُوفٍ».
According to another narration by Muslim on the authority of Abu Dharr: “My intimate friend (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) advised me: ‘When you cook broth, add much water to it, then give a reasonable amount of it to a household of your neighbors.’”
1) استحباب التهادي بين الجيران؛ لأن ذلك يورث المحبة، ويزيد المودة.
1) Exchanging gifts between neighbors is recommended because it fosters love and increases affection.
2) عدم احتقار شيء من أفعال الخير وإن قلّت، فإنها كلها من المعروف.
2) One should not belittle anything of the acts of goodness no matter how simple it is, since all of them are good.
3) كمال هدي النَّبيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فقد حثَّ علىٰ كل ما يقوي الصلة بين المؤمنين.
3) The guidance of the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) is perfect, as he urged all that which reinforces bonds between the believers.
3/305 ــ وعن أبي هريرةَ رضي الله عنه أنّ النَّبيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: «واللهِ لا يُؤْمِنُ، وَاللهِ لاَ يُؤْمِنُ، وَاللهِ لا يُؤْمِنُ». قِيلَ: مَنْ يَا رسولَ الله؟ قالَ: «الَّذِي لاَ يَأْمَنُ جَارُهُ بَوَائِقَهُ». متفقٌ عليه.
305/3- Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “By Allah, he is not a believer! By Allah, he is not a believer! By Allah, he is not a believer. He was asked: ‘Who is that, O Messenger of Allah?’ He said: ‘The one whose neighbor does not feel safe from his harm.’” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
وفي روايةٍ لمسلم: «لا يَدْخُلُ الجَنَّةَ مَنْ لا يَأْمَنُ جَارُهُ بَوَائِقَهُ».
According to a narration of Muslim: “He will not enter Paradise whose neighbor is not secure from his evildoing.”
«الْبَوَائِق»: الْغَوائِل وَالشُّرُورُ.
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لا يؤمن: هذا نفيٌّ لكمال الإيمان.
‘He is not a believer’ is a statement that denotes that such a person’s faith is imperfect.
1) تحريم العدوان علىٰ الجار، سواء كان ذلك بالقول؛ بأن يسمع منه مايزعجه ويُحزنه، أو بالفعل بإلقاء مايؤذي عند بيته، ونحو ذلك.
1) It is prohibited to transgress against a neighbor, neither by words like letting him hear what annoys or upsets him, nor by actions like throwing harmful stuff near his house and the like.
2) إن كف الأذىٰ والعدوان عن الجيران من كمال الإيمان، والموفق من عباد الله تعالىٰ من سعىٰ في تكميل إيمانه.
2) Refraining from causing harm to neighbors and transgressing against them is a sign of perfect faith. A guided person is the one who endeavors to perfect his faith.
4/306 ــ وعنه قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: «يَا نِسَاءَ المُسْلِمَاتِ لا تَحْقِرَنَّ جَارَةٌ لِجَارَتهَا وَلَوْ فِرسِنَ شَاةٍ». متفقٌ عليه.
306/4- He also reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “O Muslim women, none of you should consider insignificant (a gift) to give to her neighbor, even if it is the trotter of a sheep.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
فِرسن: هو بمثابة الحافر للدابة، والقدم للإنسان.
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1) مهما قَلَّ المعروف وصغر فإنه عظيم عند الله تعالىٰ ، وهو علامةٌ علىٰ صحة إيمان العبد.
1) A good deed, no matter how insignificant it may seem, is great in the sight of Allah Almighty and is a sign of the validity of faith.
2) الحث علىٰ وعظ النساء وترغيبهن في الإحسان إلىٰ الجيران.
2) Giving admonition to women and encouraging them to do acts of kindness is urged in Islam.
5/307 ــ وعنه أنَّ رسولَ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: «لا يَمْنَعْ جَارٌ جَارَهُ أَنْ يَغْرِزَ خَشَبَةً في جِدَارِهِ». ثُمَّ يقُولُ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ: مَا لي أَرَاكُمْ عَنْهَا مُعْرِضينَ! واللهِ لأَرْمِيَنَّ بِهَا بَيْنَ أَكْتَافِـكُمْ. متفق عليه.
307/5- He also reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “No one should prevent his neighbor from fixing a peg into his wall.” Abu Hurayrah then added: “Why do I see you turning away from this (Sunnah)! By Allah, I shall go on proclaiming it among you.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
رُوِي «خَشَبَهُ» بالإضَافَةِ والجَمْعِ، وَرُوِيَ «خَشَبَةً» بالتَّنْوِينِ عَلىٰ الإفْرَادِ. وقوله: ما لي أَرَاكُمْ عَنْهَا مُعْرِضِينَ، يَعْني عَنْ هذِهِ السُّنَّةِ.
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1) لايحل للجار أن يمنع جاره من فعل ما يُصلح بيته، من غير ضررٍ يلحقه.
1) It is unlawful for someone to prevent his neighbor from repairing or improving his house if this would not incur upon him harmful consequences.
2) التعاون بين الجيران والتسامح بينهم من حقوق الجار.
2) Cooperation and tolerance are from the neighbor’s rights.
3) الإنكار علىٰ من ترك أمراً شرعياً بما يناسب المقام، إذ تعليم الناس، والدعوة إلىٰ الخير، من أحسن الأعمال.
3) One should express his disapproval of neglecting a Shariah command in a manner that suits the situation. Actually, teaching people and calling them to what is good is one of the best deeds.
6/308 ــ وعنه أَنَّ رسولَ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: «مَنْ كَانَ يُؤْمِنُ بِالله وَالْيَوْمِ الآخِرِ، فَلا يُؤْذِ جَارَهُ، وَمَنْ كَانَ يؤْمنُ بِالله وَالْيَوْمِ الآخِرِ، فَلْيُكْرِمْ ضَيْفَهُ، وَمَنْ كَانَ يُؤْمِنُ بِالله وَالْيَوْمِ الآخِرِ، فَلْيَقُلْ خَيْراً أوْ لِيَسْكُتْ». متفق عليه.
308/6- He also reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Whoever believes in Allah and the Last Day should not harm his neighbor; whoever believes in Allah and the Last Day should honor his guest; and whoever believes in Allah and the Last Day should speak good or keep silent.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
7/309 ــ وعن أَبي شُرَيْحٍ الخُزاعِيِّ رضي الله عنه أنَّ النَّبيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: «مَنْ كَانَ يُؤْمِنُ بِالله وَالْيَوْمِ الآخِرِ، فَلْيُحْسِنْ إلىٰ جَارِهِ، ومَنْ كَانَ يُؤْمِنُ بِالله واليَوْمِ الآخِرِ، فَلْيُكْرِمْ ضَيْفَهُ، وَمَنْ كَانَ يُؤْمِنُ بالله وَالْيَوْمِ الآخِرِ، فَلْيَقُلْ خَيْراً أَوْ لِيَسْكُتْ». رواه مسلم بهذا اللفظ، وروىٰ البخاري بعضه.
309/7- Abu Shurayh al-Khuzā‘i (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Whoever believes in Allah and the Last Day, let him be kind to his neighbor. Whoever believes in Allah and the Last Day, let him honor his guest. Whoever believes in Allah and the Last Day, let him speak good or remain silent.” [Narrated by Muslim with this wording; partially narrated by Al-Bukhāri]
1) إن إلحاق الضرر بالجار قولاً أو فعلاً مُنافٍ لكمال الإيمان، ومنافٍ لصفات عباد الرحمن.
1) Causing harm to neighbors by words or actions is inconsistent with having perfect faith, and is inconsistent with the traits of the believers.
2) القيام بحق الضيف من خصال المؤمنين.
2) Fulfilling the right of the guest is one of the characteristics of the believers.
3) علىٰ العبد مراقبة لسانه، فإما أن يقول خيراً فيغنم أو يسكت فيسلم، فالخير كله في إمساك اللسان عن اللغو. ومن الحكم المأثورة: «البلاء موكل بالقول».
3) One should watch his tongue and speak good words so that he would be a winner or remain silent so that he would be safe. All good lies in restraining the tongue from engaging in idle talk. There is a word of wisdom that states: “Affliction is the result of spoken words.”
8/310 ــ وعن عائشةَ رضي الله عنها قالت: قلت: يا رسولَ الله إنَّ لي جَارَيْنِ، فَإلىٰ أَيـِّهمَا أُهْدِي ؟ قال: «إلىٰ أَقْرَبهِمَا مِنْكِ بَاباً». رواه البخاري.
310/8- ‘Ā’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported: “I said: ‘O Messenger of Allah, I have two neighbors, so which one of them should I give a gift to?’ He said: ‘The one whose door is the nearest to you.’” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri]
1) الوصية النبوية بمراعاة شعور الجار الأقرب.
1) The Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) advised Muslims to be considerate of the nearest neighbors.
2) كلما قرب الجار زاد حقه علىٰ جاره، والقرب المعتبر هو قرب الأبواب.
2) The nearer a neighbor is, the greater his right over his neighbor is. Nearness referred to here is the nearness of the house doors to each other.
3) حرص الصحابة رضي الله عنهم علىٰ تعلم العلم قبل العمل، وهذا هو شأن الموفَّق : يَعْلَمُ ثم يعمل.
3) The Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) were keen on learning knowledge before doing the deeds. This is the state of the guided slaves: they learn, then they act upon what they have learned.
9/311 ــ وعن عبدِ الله بنِ عُمرَ رضي الله عنهما قال: قال رسولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: «خَيْرُ الأَصْحَابِ عِنْدَ الله خَيْرُهُمْ لصَاحِـبِهِ، وخَيْرُ الجِيرَانِ عِنْدَ الله تعالىٰ خَيْرُهُمْ لجَارِهِ». رواه الترمذي وقال: حديث حسن.
311/9- ‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him and his father) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “The best of companions in the sight of Allah is the best of them to his companion, and the best of neighbors in the sight of Allah is the best of them to his neighbor.” [Narrated by Al-Tirmidhi; he classified it as Hasan (sound)]
1) الحث علىٰ تعظيم الصحبة الإيمانية؛ فإن خير الأصحاب أكثرهم نفعاً لصاحبه.
1) Muslims are urged to venerate companionship that is based on faith, for the best of companions is the one who is of most benefit to his companion.
2) مَن قام بحفظ الجار والإحسان إليه، فهو من خير الجوار عند الله تعالىٰ.
2) The best neighbor in the sight of Allah Almighty is the one who guards the right of his neighbor and treats him kindly.
3) اتباع هدي النَّبيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فيه كل الخير والمحبة والألفة بين أهل الإيمان، قال تعالىٰ: {وَإِن تُطِيعُوهُ تَهۡتَدُواْۚ}
3) All good, love, and affinity between the believers are found in following the guidance of the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him). Allah Almighty says: {If you obey him, you will be guided}