قَالَ الله تَعَالَىٰ: {يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لَا تَدخُلُواْ بُيُوتًا غَيرَ بُيُوتِكُم حَتَّىٰ تَستَأنِسُواْ وَتُسَلِّمُواْ عَلَىٰٓ أَهلِهَا} [النور: 27]، وقال تعالىٰ: {وَإِذَا بَلَغَ ٱلأَطفَٰلُ مِنكُمُ ٱلحُلُمَ فَليَستَٔذِنُواْ كَمَا ٱستَٔذَنَ ٱلَّذِينَ مِن قَبلِهِم} [النور: 59].
Allah Almighty says: {O you who believe, do not enter houses other than your own houses until you ascertain welcome and greet their inhabitants} [Surat an-Nūr: 27] He also says: {And when the children among you reach puberty, let them ask permission [at all times] as those before them have done} [Surat an-Nūr: 59]
1) إذا بلغ الطفل مبلغ الرجال فلا يدخل البيت إلَّا باستئذانٍ، حكمُهُ حكم البالغين.
1) When a child reaches puberty, he should not enter the house without permission, just like adults.
2) الأطفال دون سن البلوغ يُطلب منهم الاستئذان في أوقات العورات الثلاث.
2) Children below the age of puberty should be asked to seek permission at the three private times.
3) الأوقات الثلاثة التي يوضع فيها الثياب هي المذكورة في الآية: {مِّن قَبلِ صَلَوٰةِ ٱلفَجرِ وَحِينَ تَضَعُونَ ثِيَابَكُم مِّنَ ٱلظَّهِيرَةِ وَمِن بَعدِ صَلَوٰةِ ٱلعِشَآءِ} [النور: 58].
3) The three private times at which people change to lighter clothes for rest are outlined in the Qur’an: {Before the dawn prayer and when you put aside your clothing [for rest] at noon and after the ‘Ishā’ prayer} [Surat an-Nūr: 58]
1/870 ــ عن أبي موسىٰ الأشعري رضي الله عنه قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: «الاسْتِئْذَانُ ثَلاثٌ، فَإن أُذِنَ لَكَ، وَإلاّ فَارْجِعْ». متفقٌ عليه.
870/1 - Abu Mūsa al-Ash‘ari (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Permission should be sought three times, and if it is not given, then turn back.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
1) الأدب أن يستأذن المرء ثلاث مرات، ولا يطرق الباب بعدها.
1) The Islamic etiquette is that a person seeks permission up to three times and not knock on the door after that.
2) كمال هدي الإسلام؛ الذي راعىٰ أحوال النَّاس، وعلَّم أهل الإيمان حقوق بعضهم.
2) It shows the perfect guidance of Islam which takes people’s conditions into consideration and teaches the believers their rights upon one another.
2/871 ــ عن سهلِ بنِ سعدٍ رضي الله عنه قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: «إنَّما جُعلَ الاستئذانُ مِنْ أجْل البَصَر». متفق عليه.
871/2 - Sahl ibn Sa‘d (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Seeking permission is enjoined only so as to prevent looking.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
1) حرص الشريعة علىٰ حفظ عورات البيوت لئلا تنكشف، ولهذا شرع الاستئذان من أجل النظر.
1) The Shariah is keen on protecting the privacy of homes; that is why it prescribed seeking permission before entering a home in order to protect its privacy against looking.
2) حرمة النظر إلَىٰ داخل البيوت إلَّا بعد الاستئذان.
2) It is prohibited to look inside homes before seeking permission.
3/872 ــ وعن رِبْعِيِّ بن حِرَاشٍ قال: حَدَّثنا رَجُلٌ مِن بني عامِرٍ اسْتَأْذَنَ علىٰ النَّبيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَهُوَ في بيتٍ، فقال: أَأَلِجُ ؟ فقال رسولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم لِخَادِمِه: «اخرجْ إلىٰ هذا، فَعَلِّمْهُ الاستئذانَ، فَقُل لَهُ: قُلْ: السَّلامُ عَلَيكُم، أَأَدْخُلُ؟» فَسَمِعَهُ الرَّجُلُ، فقال: السَّلامُ عَلَيكُم، أَأَدخُلُ ؟ فَأَذِنَ له النَّبيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم، فدخلَ.
872/3 - Rib‘i ibn Hirāsh reported: A man from Banu ‘Āmir related to us that he asked the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) for permission to enter when he was in his house, saying: “Do I come in?” The Prophet said to his servant: “Go out to this (man) and teach him how to ask permission to enter the house, and say to him: ‘Say: Peace be upon you. May I come in?’” The man heard it and said: “Peace be upon you. May I come in?” The Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) gave him permission and he entered.
رواه أبو داود بإسنادٍ صحيح.
[Narrated by Abu Dāwūd, with an authentic Isnād]
4/873 ــ عن كلدَةَ بنِ الحَنبلِ رضي الله عنه قَالَ: أتيتُ النَّبيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم، فدَخلْتُ عليه ولم أُسلِّمْ، فَقَالَ النَّبيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم: «ارْجعْ فقُلْ: السَّلامُ عَلَيْكُم، أأدْخُلُ؟». رواه أبو داود، والترمذي وقال: حديث حسن.
873/4 - Kildah ibn al-Hanbal (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: I went to the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) and entered his place without saying the greeting of peace. Thereupon, he said: “Go back and say: Peace be upon you. May I come in?” [Narrated by Abu Dāwūd and Al-Tirmidhi, who classified it as Hasan (sound)]
أألج: أأدخل.
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1) من أدب الاستئذان السلام والانتظار حَتَّىٰ يُسمح بالدخول.
1) One of the etiquettes of seeking permission is to give the greeting of peace and wait until permission to enter is granted.
2) تعليم النَّبيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم أُمَّته الأدب، وجمعه بين التعليم بالقول والفعل.
2) The Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) taught his Ummah the proper etiquettes, and he did so using both words and deeds.