اللغات المتاحة للكتاب Indonesia English

كتاب الحج

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Book of Hajj

233 ــ باب وجوب الحج وفضله

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233 - Chapter on the obligation and merit of Hajj

قَالَ الله تَعَالىٰ: {وَلِلَّهِ عَلَى ٱلنَّاسِ حِجُّ ٱلبَيتِ مَنِ ٱستَطَاعَ إِلَيهِ سَبِيلا وَمَن كَفَرَ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَنِيٌّ عَنِ ٱلعَٰلَمِينَ} [آل عمران 97].

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Allah Almighty says: {And [due] to Allah upon the people is Hajj to the House - for whoever is able to find thereto a way. But whoever disbelieves - then indeed, Allah is free from need of the worlds.} [Surat Āl ‘Imrān: 97]

فائدة:

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Benefit:

هذه الآية نزلت في العام التاسع من الهجرة، وهو عام الوفود، وفيه فُرِض الحج علىٰ الناس جميعاً، مؤمنهم وكافرهم، لكن الكافر نخاطبه بالإسلام أولاً، ثُمَّ بالحج، وشرط وجوب الحج استطاعة الوصول إلىٰ البيت، وهذا يختلف بحسب الزمان والمكان.

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This verse was revealed in the ninth Hijri year, the year of delegations. In it Hajj was ordained upon all people, believers and non-believers. However, we should call non-believers to Islam first and then to Hajj. The requirement for Hajj being obligatory for a person is that he can make the journey to the Sacred House (in Makkah), which differs according to the time and place.

1/1271ــ وَعَنِ ابنِ عُمَرَ، رضي الله عنهما أَنَّ رَسُولَ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ: «بُنِيَ الإسْلامُ علىٰ خَمْسٍ؛ شَهَادَةِ أَنْ لاَ إلهَ إلَّا الله وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّداً رسولُ الله، وَإقَامِ الصَّلاةِ، وَإيتَاءِ الزَّكَاةِ، وَحَجِّ البَيْتِ، وَصَوْمِ رَمَضَانَ». متفقٌ عليهِ.

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1271/1 - Ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him and his father) reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Islam was built on five pillars: testifying that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, establishing prayer, giving Zakah, performing Hajj to the House, and fasting Ramadan.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]

2/1272ــ وَعَنْ أبي هُرَيْرَةَ، رضي الله عنه قالَ: خَطَبَنَا رسولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ، فَقَالَ: «يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ قَدْ فَرَضَ اللهُ عَلَيْكُمُ الحَجَّ فَحُجُّوا» فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ: أَكُلَّ عَامٍ يَا رَسولَ الله؟ فَسَكَتَ، حَتَّىٰ قَالَها ثَلاثاً. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: «لَوْ قُلْتُ: نَعَمْ لَوَجَبَتْ، وَلَما اسْتَطَعْتُمْ». ثُمَّ قالَ: «ذَرُوني مَا تَرَكْتُكُمْ، فَإنَّمَا هَلَكَ مَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكُمْ بِكَثْرَةِ سُؤَالِهِمْ، وَاخْتِلافِهِمْ عَلىٰ أَنْبِيَائِهِمْ، فَإذَا أَمَرْتكُمْ بِشَيْءٍ فَأْتُوا مِنْهُ مَا اسْتَطَعْتُم، وَإذَا نَهَيْتكُم عَن شَيءٍ فَدَعُوهُ». رواه مسلمٌ.

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1272/2 - Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) delivered a speech to us wherein he said: “O people, Allah has ordained Hajj upon you; so perform Hajj.” A man said: “Every year, O Messenger of Allah?” He remained silent until the man had repeated the question three times. Then, the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “If I said yes, this would be obligatory, and you would not have the ability for that.” Then, he said: “Leave me with what I have left you, for those who came before you were doomed because of their questions and differences with their prophets. If I commanded you to do something, do as much of it as you can; and if I forbid you from doing something, refrain from it.” [Narrated by Muslim]

هداية الأحاديث:

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Guidance from the Hadīths:

1) الحج أحد أركان الإسلام الخمسة، التي لا يتم إسلام عبد حَتَّىٰ يأتي بها.

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1) Hajj is one of the five pillars of Islam, without which a person’s religion is incomplete.

2) الحج لا يجب في العمر إلَّا مرة واحدة، وهذا من رحمة الله تَعَالىٰ بعباده، فقد أمرهم بما يطيقون، كل ذلك لرفع الحرج والمشقة علىٰ العباد {وَمَا جَعَلَ عَلَيكُم فِي ٱلدِّينِ مِن حَرَج}.

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2) Hajj is obligatory only once in a lifetime. This stems from Allah’s mercy towards His servants, as He does not burden them with anything beyond their capacity and does not put them into hardships. {And He has not placed upon you in the religion any hardship.}

3) إن كثرة المسائل والاختلاف سبب من أسباب الهلاك.

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3) Frequent questioning and differing is one of the causes of ruin.

4) يجب علىٰ العبد أن يفعل ما استطاع من الأوامر الشرعية، أما المناهي الشرعية فيجب تركها كلياً، ولا يجوز التساهل فيها.

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4) A person is required to fulfill the Shariah commands as much as he can. The prohibitions, on the other hand, should be avoided completely. He may not take them lightly.

3/1273ــ وعنه قَالَ: سُئل النَّبيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم ، أيُّ العَمَل أفضلُ؟ قَالَ: «إيمانٌ بالله ورسوله» قيل: ثُمَّ ماذا؟ قَالَ: «الجهادُ في سبيل الله» قيل: ثُمَّ ماذا؟ قَالَ: «حجٌّ مبْرُورٌ». متفق عليه.

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1273/3 - He also reported: The Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) was asked: “Which deed is the best?” He replied: “Belief in Allah and His Messenger.” It was asked: “Then what?” He said: “Jihad in the cause of Allah.” It was asked: “Then what?” He said: “A righteous Hajj.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]

«المَبْرُورُ»: هُوَ الَّذِي لا يَرتكِبُ صَاحِبُهُ فِيهِ مَعْصِيَةً.

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An accepted Hajj: It is Hajj in which the pilgrim commits no sin.

هداية الحديث:

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Guidance from the Hadīth:

1) تفاضل الأعمال والطاعات بحسب قدرة العامل، فكلٌّ يخاطَب بما يليق بحاله.

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1) Acts of worship and piety differ in their merit in accordance with the performer’s ability. Each person should be addressed in a way that befits his condition.

2) الحج المبرور هو الَّذي يكون الحاج مخلصاً لله تَعَالىٰ فيه، متبعاً لهدي النَّبيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم في صفة الحج، مجتنباً الرفث والفسوق والجدال، فهذا الحج من أفضل الأعمال عند الله تَعَالىٰ.

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2) An accepted Hajj is one which the pilgrim performs sincerely for the sake of Allah and in which he follows the Prophet’s guidance and avoids foul language, immorality, and argument. Such a Hajj is one of the most virtuous acts in the sight of Allah Almighty.

4/1274ــ وعنه قَالَ: سمعْتُ رَسُولَ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقولُ: «مَنْ حجَّ فلم يَرْفُثْ، ولَمْ يَفْسُقْ، رجَعَ كَيَوْمِ ولَدَتْهُ أمُّهُ». متفق عليه.

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1274/4 - He also reported: I heard the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) say: “Whoever performs Hajj and does not commit obscenity or commit any evil therein will go back (free of sin) like the day he was born.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]

هداية الحديث:

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Guidance from the Hadīth:

1) الحج سبب لغفران الذنوب جميعاً.

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1) Hajj is a reason for the expiation of all sins.

2) رحمة الله تَعَالىٰ بعباده، فقد شرع لهم من الطاعات ما تغفر معها الذنوب والخطيئات.

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2) Allah is merciful towards His servants as He prescribed for them such acts of worship that expiate their sins and misdeeds.

5/1275ــ وعنه أنَّ رَسُولَ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، قَالَ: «العُمرةُ إلىٰ العُمْرةِ كفَّارةٌ لما بينَهُمَا، والحَجُّ المبرورُ ليسَ لهُ جزاءٌ إلَّا الجنَّةَ». متفق عليه.

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1275/5 - He also reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “From ‘Umrah to ‘Umrah expiates what is between them. And there is no reward for an accepted Hajj except Paradise.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]

6/1276ــ عَنْ عائشةَ رضي الله عنها قَالَت: قلْتُ: يارسولَ الله، نَرَىٰ الجهادَ أفضلَ العَمَلِ، أفلا نُجَاهدُ؟ فقالَ: «لَكُنَّ أفضلُ الجهادِ حجٌّ مبرورٌ». رواه البخاري.

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1276/6 - ‘Ā’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported: I said: “O Messenger of Allah, we consider Jihad as the best deed. Should we not perform Jihad?” He said: “The best Jihad for you (women) is an accepted Hajj.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri]

هداية الأحاديث:

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Guidance from the Hadīths:

1) الحج نوع من أنواع الجهاد في سبيل الله، لمن فاته شرف الجهاد بعذر.

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1) Hajj is one of the kinds of Jihad in the cause of Allah, for those who have missed the honor of traditional Jihad for a valid excuse.

2) تعظيم أجر الحج لما أتىٰ به علىٰ صفته الشرعية ظاهراً وباطناً.

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2) The pilgrim gets a great reward for his performance of Hajj in accordance with the Shariah, inwardly and outwardly.

3) الخطاب بقوله: «لكُنَّ أفضل الجهاد..» موجه إلىٰ جماعة النساء، فالحج هو جهاد النساء من غير قتال.

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3) The Prophet’s statement “the best Jihad for you...” is addressed to women. Hajj is the Jihad for women, which involves no fighting.

7/1277 ــ وعنها: أنَّ رَسُولَ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ: «مَا مِنْ يَوْمٍ أَكثَرَ مِنْ أَنْ يُعْتِقَ اللهُ فِيهِ عَبْداً مِنَ النَّارِ مِنْ يَوْمِ عَرَفَةَ». رواه مسلم.

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1277/7 - She also reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “There is no day on which Allah sets free more of His servants from Hellfire than the day of ‘Arafah.” [Narrated by Muslim]

هداية الحديث:

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Guidance from the Hadīth:

1) فضيلة يوم عرفة، لكثرة العتقاء فيه من النار.

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1) It shows the merit of the day of ‘Arafah, given the plenty of people saved from Hellfire on it.

2) رحمة الله تَعَالىٰ بالمؤمنين، إذ خصَّ هذه الأمة بمواسم الخير والمغفرة.

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2) Allah is merciful towards the believers, as He has provided them with special occasions on which they can attain goodness and forgiveness.

8/1278 ــ وعن ابن عباس رضي الله عنهما أنَّ النَّبيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم، قَالَ: «عُمرَةٌ في رَمَضَانَ تَعدِلُ حَجَّةً» وفي لفظ: «أوْ حَجَّةً مَعي». متفق عليه.

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1278/8/ - Ibn ‘Abbās (may Allah be pleased with him and his father) reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “‘Umrah in Ramadan is equivalent to Hajj – or Hajj with me.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]

هداية الحديث:

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Guidance from the Hadīth:

1) العمرة في رمضان تعدل الحجة في الثواب والجزاء، وليس في إسقاط الفرض والإجزاء.

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1) ‘Umrah in Ramadan equals to Hajj in terms of reward, yet it does not suffice instead of the obligatory Hajj.

2) ثواب العمل يزيد بفضيلة الوقت، فالعمرة عَظُم أجرها لـمّا وقعت في رمضان.

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2) The reward for a good deed increases when it is done at a virtuous time. That is why ‘Umrah increases in reward when it is performed in Ramadan.

9/1279ــ وعنه أَنَّ امْرَأَةً قالَتْ: يَا رسُولَ الله، إنَّ فَريضَةَ الله عَلىٰ عِبَادِهِ في الحَجِّ أَدْرَكتْ أَبي شَيخاً كَبِيراً، لا يَثبتُ عَلىٰ الرَاحِلَةِ، أَفأَحُجُّ عَنْهُ؟ قالَ: «نَعَم». متفقٌ عليهِ.

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1279/9 - He also reported: A woman said: “O Messenger of Allah, Allah made Hajj obligatory on His servants while my father was very old and could not sit steadily on the mount. Shall I perform Hajj on his behalf?” He said: “Yes.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]

10/1280 ــ وعن لقيط بن عامر رضي الله عنه أنَّه أتىٰ النَّبيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم، فقالَ: إنَّ أبي شيخٌ كبيرٌ لا يستطيعُ الحجَّ ولا العمرةَ ولا الظَّعَنَ؟ قَالَ: «حجَّ عَنْ أَبِيكَ وَاعْتَمِرْ».

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1280/10 - Laqīt ibn ‘Āmir (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that he went to the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) and said: “My father is a very old man who cannot perform Hajj or ‘Umrah or undertake a journey.” He said: “Perform Hajj and ‘Umrah on behalf of your father.”

رواهُ أبو داود، والترمذيُّ وقالَ: حديثٌ حسنٌ صحيحٌ.

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[Narrated by Abu Dāwūd and Al-Tirmidhi, who classified it as Hasan Sahīh (sound and authentic)]

غريب الحديث:

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Words in the Hadīth:

الظعن: الارتحال والسير.

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هداية الأحاديث:

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Guidance from the Hadīths:

1) الإنسان إذَا عجز عَنِ الحج عجزاً لا يُرجىٰ زواله، كمرض دائم أوْ كِبَر سِنّ، فإنه يُحَجّ عَنْهُ حجة بدل.

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1) If a person is unable to perform Hajj, and his inability is not likely to go away, such as chronic disease or old age, then another person may perform Hajj on his behalf.

2) يجوز للمرأة أن تحج عَنِ الرجل، وللرجل أن يحج عَنِ المرأة.

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2) A woman may perform Hajj on behalf of a man, and vice versa.

11/1281ــ وعَنِ السّائِبِ بنِ يزيدَ، رضي الله عنه قالَ: حُجَّ بي مَعَ رسولِ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم في حَجةِ الوَدَاعِ، وأنا ابنُ سَبْعِ سِنِينَ. رواه البخاريُّ.

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1281/11 - Al-Sā’ib ibn Yazīd (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: “I was taken to perform Hajj with the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) in the Farewell Hajj, when I was seven years old.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri]

12/1282 ــ وَعَنِ ابنِ عبَّاسٍ رضي الله عنهما أنَّ النَّبيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم لَقِيَ رَكْباً بِالرَّوْحَاءِ، فَقَالَ: «مَنِ الْقَوْمُ ؟» قَالُوا: المُسْلِمُونَ. قَالُوا: مَنْ أَنْتَ؟ قَال: «رسولُ الله»، فَرَفَعَتِ امْرَأَةٌ صَبِيّاً فَقَالَتْ: أَلِهذا حَجٌّ ؟ قَالَ: «نَعَمْ، وَلكِ أَجْرٌ» رواهُ مُسلم.

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1282/12 - Ibn ‘Abbās (may Allah be pleased with him and his father) reported: The Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) came across a caravan at Al-Rawhā’ and asked who the people in the caravan were. They replied that they were Muslims. They asked: “Who are you?” He said: “The Messenger of Allah.” Then, a woman lifted up a boy to him and asked: “Is there Hajj for this one?” He said: “Yes, and you will have a reward.” [Narrated by Muslim]

غريب الحديث:

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Words in the Hadīth:

الروحاء: موضع بين مكة والمدينة.

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Al-Rawhā’: a place between Makkah and Madīnah.

هداية الأحاديث:

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Guidance from the Hadīths:

1) صحة حج الصبيان، ولو كان الصبي صغيراً دون التمييز.

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1) Hajj performed by children is valid, even if they are below the age of discernment.

2) للصبي أجر حجِّه، ولوليه مثل أجره، لأنه سبب في حج الصغير، فالدالُّ علىٰ الخير كفاعله.

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2) A child will get a reward for performing Hajj, and his guardian shall have a similar reward, for he has enabled him to perform it. A person who guides others to something good shall have a reward similar to theirs.

فائدة:

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Benefit:

الصبي في الحج يفعل ما يفعله الكبير، وإن عجز عَنْ شيءٍ لصغر سنه، كالرضيع مثلاً، فله أحوال:

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When a child performs Hajj, he should imitate the adult. If he cannot do certain things due to his young age, like infants for example, here are two cases:

1) إن كان مما تدخله النيابة مثل رمي الجمرات، فإن الكبير ينوب عَنْهُ في ذلك.

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1) The acts that one can do on behalf of someone else, his guardian can perform them on his behalf.

2) وإن كان مما لا تدخله النيابة ويستطيع الصغير فعله، كالطواف والسعي، فإنه يحمل فيها.

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2) The acts which none can perform on behalf of others, and the child can do them, like Tawāf and Sa‘i, the adult can carry him as he performs such rituals.

13/1283 ــ وعن أنس رضي الله عنه أنَّ رَسُولَ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم حجَّ علىٰ رحْلٍ، وكانت زاملتَهُ. رواه البخاري.

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1283/13 - Anas ibn Mālik (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) performed Hajj on the back of a camel, and the same mount was carrying his baggage as well. [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri]

غريب الحديث:

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Words in the Hadīth:

الزاملة: البعير الَّذي يُحمل عليه الطعام والمتاع.

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هداية الحديث:

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Guidance from the Hadīth:

1) بيان ضيق العيش، وقلة الحال، الَّذي كان عليه رَسُول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ، فكان الزاد والمتاع محمولاً علىٰ الراحلة، ومع ذلك كان أوسع الناس صدراً، وأعظمهم صبراً صلى الله عليه وسلم، فالسعيد من اقتدىٰ به وتخلّق بأخلاقه وشمائله.

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1) It shows the simple and poor life led by the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him). His provision and luggage were carried on his mount. Nonetheless, he was the most forbearing and patient among people. Blissful are those who follow his example and imitate his manners.

2) جواز التنقل في مشاعر الحج راكباً، ولا يُنقص ذلك الأجر.

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2) It is permissible to use a means of transport to move between the places of Hajj. This does not diminish the reward.

14/1284ــ وَعَنِ ابنِ عَبَّاسٍ، رضي الله عنهما قَالَ: كَانَتْ عُكاظُ ومَجِنَّة وَذو المَجَازِ أَسْوَاقاً في الجَاهِلِيَّةِ، فَتَأثَّمُوا أن يَتَّجِرُوا في المَوَاسِمِ، فَنَزَلَتْ: {لَيسَ عَلَيكُم جُنَاحٌ أَن تَبتَغُواْ فَضلا مِّن رَّبِّكُم} [البقرة 198] في مَوَاسِمِ الحَجِّ. رواه البخاريُّ.

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1284/14 - Ibn ‘Abbās (may Allah be pleased with him and his father) reported: “Ukāzh, Majannah, and Dhul-Majāz were seasonal markets during the pre-Islamic period. They (i.e. Muslims) feared that it might be a sin to trade there during the Hajj season. So this verse was revealed: {There is no blame upon you for seeking bounty from your Lord.} [Surat Al-Baqarah: 198] It refers to the Hajj season. [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri]

غريب الحديث:

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Words in the Hadīth:

تأثموا: تحرَّجوا وخافوا من الوقوع في الإثم.

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هداية الحديث:

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Guidance from the Hadīth:

1) التجارة في الحج من المنافع التي لا حرج علىٰ الحاج في فعلها، مع كون مقصوده الأول هو أداء الحج.

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1) Trading during Hajj falls under the benefits which a pilgrim can take, provided that his main objective is to perform Hajj.

2) فضيلة صحابة رَسُول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم في تورّعهم عن فعل الشيء، ولو فيه منفعة، حَتَّىٰ يعلموا حكم الله تَعَالىٰ فيه.

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2) It points out the merit of the Prophet’s Companions and their restraint from doing anything, albeit beneficial, before knowing the Shariah ruling regarding it.