1/1657 ــ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الخَطَّابِ رضي الله عنه قَالَ: قَالَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم: «المَيِّتُ يُعَذَّبُ في قَبْرِهِ بِمَا نِيحَ عَلَيْهِ».
1657/1 - ‘Umar ibn al-Khattāb (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “The dead person is punished in his grave on account of wailing over him.”
وَفي روايةٍ: «مَا نِيحَ عَلَيْهِ». متفقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Another narration reads: “for as long as there is wailing over him.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
النياحة: البكاء علىٰ الميت مع ارتفاع الصوت، وذكر أوصاف الميت علىٰ سبيل الافتخار.
To wail is to cry loudly over the death of someone and mention his good traits by way of bragging.
1) تحريم النياحة علىٰ الميت لأنها تنافي الصبر.
1) It is prohibited to wail over the dead, for this contradicts patience.
2) النياحة فيها نوع اعتراض علىٰ قدر الله _عز وجل_، والواجب التسليم لأقدار الله المؤلمة.
2) Wailing constitutes a kind of objection to the decree and predestination of Allah Almighty; whereas we are required to submit to His painful decrees.
يُنزل هذا الحديث علىٰ من كان النوح طريقته، أو من أوصىٰ أهله بذلك، أو من أهمل نهي أهله عن النياحة، فواجب علىٰ العبد أن يوصي أهله بالتزام هدي السنة عند وفاته، ويرشدهم إلىٰ مجانبة ما نهت عنه الشريعة في أحكام الموت؛ لأنه بذلك يكون قد أبرأ ذمته، وبلّغ أهله، ونجا من الوعيد، والله أعلم.
This Hadīth applies to a person who condones wailing, asks his relatives to wail over him, or neglects to forbid them from wailing. So, everyone should advise his family to adhere to the Prophet’s Sunnah and guidance upon his death and to shun the Shariah prohibitions on death-related matters. A person who does so has absolved himself and is safe from the reported threat, and Allah knows best.
2/1658 ــ وَعَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ رضي الله عنه قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: «لَيْسَ مِنَّا مَنْ ضرَبَ الخُدُودَ، وَشَقَّ الجُيُوبَ، وَدَعَا بِدَعْوَىٰ الجَاهِلِيَّةِ». متفقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
1658/2 - Ibn Mas‘ūd (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “He is not one of us he who slaps his cheeks, tears open his clothes, and wails in the manner of the days of ignorance.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
1) تحريم دعوىٰ الجاهلية في النياحة والندب ونحوهما، لأنها ليست من سيما المسلمين.
1) It is prohibited to act like people in the pre-Islamic period of ignorance in terms of wailing and the like. These are not Islamic manners.
2) بيان فضل الصبر والاحتساب عند المصائب، وإظهار الرضا بقضاء الله وقدره.
2) It points out the merit of patience in pursuit of divine reward at the time of afflictions and the display of contentment with the decree and predestination of Allah Almighty.
3/1659ــ وَعَنْ أبي بُرْدَةَ قال: وَجِعَ أَبُو مُوسَىٰ، فَغُشِيَ عَلَيْهِ، وَرَأْسُهُ في حِجْرِ امْرَأَةٍ مِنْ أَهْلِهِ، فَأَقْبَلَتْ تَصِيحُ بِرَنَّةٍ، فَلَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ أَنْ يَرُدَّ عَلَيْهَا شَيْئاً، فَلَمَّا أَفَاقَ قَالَ: أَنا بَرِيءٌ مِمَّنْ بَرِئ مِنْهُ رَسُولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، إنَّ رَسُولَ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم بَرِيءٌ مِنَ الصَّالِقَةِ، وَالحَالِقَةِ، والشَّاقَّةِ، متَّفقٌ عليه.
1659/3 - Abu Burdah reported: “Abu Mūsa got ill and lost his consciousness and his head was in the lap of a woman of his family. She began to wail and he could not say anything to her. Upon regaining his consciousness, he said: ‘I am innocent of that of which the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) was innocent. Indeed, the Messenger of Allah disavowed the woman who wails, the woman who shaves her head upon the occurrence of a disaster, and the woman who tears her clothes.’” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
«الصَّالِقَةُ»: الَّتي تَرْفَعُ صَوْتَهَا بِالنِّيَاحَةِ والنَّدْبِ. «والحَالِقَةُ»: التي تَحْلِقُ رَأسَهَا عِنْدَ المُصِيبَةِ. «والشَّاقَّةُ»: الَّتي تَشُقُّ ثَوْبَهَا.
-- -- --
حِجر: حضن.
--
الرنّة: صوتٌ من البكاء فيه ترجيع وتحزين.
--
1) إنَّ النياحة، وحلق شعر الرأس، وشق الجيوب عند نزول المصائب؛ من المنكر الذي يجب إنكاره، لبراءة رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم من فاعله.
1) Wailing, shaving the head, and tearing clothes upon the occurrence of afflictions fall under the wrong acts that we are required to criticize and forbid, as the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) disavowed those doing such things.
2) علىٰ العبد الاقتداء بسُنّة رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، كفعل الصحابة رضي الله عنهم.
2) One should follow the Prophet’s example, as the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) used to do.
4/1660ــ وَعَنِ المُغِيرةَ بْنِ شُعْبةَ رضي الله عنه قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يَقُولُ: «مَنْ نِيحَ عَلَيْهِ فَإنَّهُ يُعَذَّبُ بِمَا نِيحَ عَلَيْهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ». متفقٌ عليه.
1660/4 - Al-Mughīrah ibn Shu‘bah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that he heard the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) say: “He who is wailed over will be punished on the Day of Judgment on account of the wailing over him.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
1) تحريم النياحة علىٰ الميت، لأن ذلك سبب للعذاب يوم القيامة.
1) It is prohibited to wail over the death of someone, for this will be a cause of punishment on the Day of Judgment.
2) إنَّ الميت يعذَّب في قبره ويوم القيامة بما نيح عليه إذا كان سبباً في النياحة.
2) A dead person will be punished in his grave and on the Day of Judgment on account of wailing over him, if he had asked for it.
5/1661 ــ وَعَنْ أُمِّ عَطِيّةَ نُسَيْبةَ ــ بِضَمِّ النُّونِ وَفَتْحِهَا ــ رضي الله عنها قَالَتْ: أَخَذَ عَلَيْنَا رَسُولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم عِنْدَ البَيْعَةِ أنْ لاَ نَنُوحَ. متَّفقٌ عليْه.
1661/5 - Umm ‘Atiyyah Nusaybah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported: “At the time of pledging allegiance to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him), he took a promise from us not to engage in wailing.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
1) النياحة من أخلاق الجاهلية التي ينبغي علىٰ المسلم أن يخلعها عندما يدخل حمىٰ الشريعة وهديها.
1) Wailing is one of the manners of the pre-Islamic era of ignorance, which a Muslim should get rid of as soon as he embraces Islam.
2) بيان صفة مبايعة رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم النِّساءَ، فقد اشترط عليهن ترك عادات الجاهلية.
2) It describes the pledge of allegiance taken by the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) from women, as he stipulated that they should abandon the habits of the pre-Islamic era.
6/1662ــ وَعَنِ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ رضي الله عنهما قَالَ: أُغْمِيَ عَلَىٰ عَبْدِ الله بْنِ رَوَاحَةَ رضي الله عنه، فَجَعَلَتْ أُخْتُهُ تَبْكِي، وَتَقُولُ: وَاجَبَلاهُ، وَاكَذَا، وَاكَذَا؛ تُعَدِّدُ عَلَيْهِ. فَقَالَ حِينَ أَفَاقَ: مَا قُلْتِ شَيْئاً إلَّا قِيلَ لِي: أَنْتَ كَذلِكَ؟ رَوَاهُ البُخَارِيّ.
1662/6 - Al-Nu‘mān ibn Bashīr (may Allah be pleased with him and his father) reported: “‘Abdullah ibn Rawāhah (may Allah be pleased with him) fell down unconscious. His sister started crying and saying: ‘O my mountain, O so-and-so!’ She went on calling him by his good qualities one by one. When he came to his senses, he said: ‘Whenever you said something, I was asked: Are you really so?’” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri]
1) تحريم الندب علىٰ الميت، لأنه يؤذي الميت.
1) It is prohibited to wail over the dead person, for this hurts him.
2) تحريم ادعاء صفات ليست في المرء، سواءٌ من قِبَل نفسه أو من قِبَل غيره.
2) It is prohibited to falsely ascribe certain traits to oneself or to someone else.
7/1663ــ وَعَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ رضي الله عنهما قَالَ: اشْتكَىٰ سَعْدُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ رضي الله عنه شَكْوَىٰ، فَأتَاهُ رَسُولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يَعُودُهُ مَعَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ وَسَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ وَعَبْدِ الله بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ رضي الله عنهم، فَلَمَا دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ، وَجَدَهُ في غَشْيةِ فَقَالَ: «أَقضَىٰ؟» قَالُوا: لاَ يَا رَسُولَ الله؛ فَبَكَىٰ رَسُولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، فَلَما رَأَىٰ الْقَوْمُ بُكَاءَ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم بكَوْا، قَالَ: «أَلاَ تَسْمَعُونَ؟ إنَّ اللهَ لاَ يُعَذِّبُ بِدَمْعِ الْعَيْنِ، وَلاَ بِحُزْنِ الْقَلْبِ، ولَكِنْ يُعَذِّبُ بِهذَا ــ وَأَشَارَ إلَىٰ لِسَانِه ــ أَوْ يَرْحَمُ». متَّفقٌ علَيه.
1663/7 - Ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him and his father) reported: “Sa‘d ibn ‘Ubādah (may Allah be pleased with him) suffered from some illness. The Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) visited him and was accompanied by ‘Abdur-Rahmān ibn ‘Awf, Sa‘d ibn Abi Waqqās, and ‘Abdullah ibn Mas‘ūd (may Allah be pleased with them). When they entered his house, they found him unconscious. The Messenger of Allah asked: ‘Has he died?’ They replied: ‘No, O Messenger of Allah.’ Upon this, the Messenger of Allah began to weep. When his Companions saw this, they also began to weep. He said: ‘Listen attentively: Allah does not punish for the shedding of tears or for the grief of the heart, but He punishes or shows mercy because of the utterances of this,’ pointing to his tongue.” [Narrated be Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
غشية: حال إغماء وغشيان.
--
أقضىٰ؟: أي أمات؟
--
1) جواز الحزن علىٰ الميت، والبكاء دون نياحة، فهذا من رحمة العباد بعضهم ببعض.
1) It is permissible to grieve and cry over the death of someone, yet without wailing. In fact, this stems from mutual mercy between people.
2) التسخط باللسان والنياحة من أسباب العذاب يوم القيامة.
2) Showing indignation through words and wailing is a cause of punishment on the Day of Judgment.
8/1664ــ وَعَنْ أَبِي مَالِكٍ الأشْعَرِيِّ رضي الله عنه قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: «النَّائِحَةُ إذَا لَمْ تَتُبْ قَبْلَ مَوْتِهَا تُقَامُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ، وَعَلَيْهَا سِرْبَالٌ مِنْ قَطِرَانٍ وَدِرْعٌ مِنْ جَرَبٍ». رواهُ مسلم.
1664/8 - Abu Mālik al-Ash‘ari (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “If the wailing woman does not repent before she dies, she will be made to stand on the Day of Judgment wearing a garment of tar and a shield of scabies.” [Narrated by Muslim]
سربال: قميص.
--
قطران: سائل أسود منتن يساعد علىٰ إشعال النار.
--
درع: ما يلبس علىٰ الصدر.
--
جرب: داء يصيب الجلد ويترك فيه ندب.
--
9/1665ــ وَعَنْ أَسِيْدِ بْنِ أَبِي أَسِيْدٍ التَّابِعِيِّ عَنِ امْرَأَةٍ مِنَ المُبَايِعَاتِ قَالَتْ: كَانَ فِيمَا أَخَذَ عَلَيْنَا رَسُولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم في المَعْرُوفِ الَّذِي أَخَذَ عَلَيْنَا أَنْ لاَ نَعْصِيَهُ فِيهِ: أَنْ لاَ نَخْمِشَ وَجْهاً، وَلاَ نَدْعُوَ وَيْلاً، وَلاَ نَشُقَّ جَيْباً، وَأَنْ لاَ نَنْثُرَ شَعْراً.
1665/9 - Asīd ibn Abu Asīd, a Tābi‘i (from the generation that followed the Companions), reported that one of the women who gave the pledge to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Among the matters of goodness in respect of which we gave the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) the pledge not to disobey him were: that we should not scratch our faces, bewail, tear our clothes up, or dishevel our hair (in grief).”
رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُد بإسْنَادٍ حَسَنٍ.
[Narrated by Abu Dāwūd with a sound Isnād]
نخمش: نجرح.
--
جيباً: ما يكون علىٰ الصدر ليستره.
--
ننثر شعراً: ننفش ونمزق الشعر.
--
1) تحريم الخمش، والندب، ونثر الشعر، عند المصائب، لأنها من أعمال الجاهلية التي حرمتها الشريعة.
1) Scratching faces, bewailing, and disheveling hair at the time of disasters are prohibited, for these are acts of the pre-Islamic period of ignorance which are forbidden under the Shariah.
2) صفة البيعة الواقعة زمن النبوة: بايع أهل الإيمان علىٰ ترك المحرمات مطلقاً، وعلىٰ فعل الطاعات ما أمكنهم إلىٰ ذلك سبيلاً.
2) It describes the nature of the pledge of allegiance that took place during the Prophet’s lifetime. He took the pledge from the believers that they should abandon all prohibitions and engage in good deeds to the best of their ability.
10/1666 ــ وَعَنْ أَبِي مُوسَىٰ رضي الله عنه، أَنَّ رَسُولَ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ: «مَا مِنْ مَيِّتٍ يَمُوتُ، فَيَقُومُ بَاكِيهِمْ، فَيَقُولُ: واجَبَلاهُ، وَاسَيِّدَاهُ، أوَ نَحْوَ ذلِكَ، إلا وُكِّلَ بِهِ مَلَكَانِ يَلْهَزانِهِ: أهكَذَا كُنْتَ؟!». رَواهُ التّرْمِذِي وقَالَ: حَدِيث حَسَنٌ.
1666/10 - Abu Mūsa (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “If anyone dies and the mourner gets up and says: ‘O my mountain, O my master,’ or the like, Allah will put two angels in charge of him who will beat him on the chest and ask him: ‘Were you like that?’” [Narrated by Al-Tirmidhi; he classified it as Hasan (sound)]
«اللَّهزُ»: الدَّفْعُ بِجُمْعِ الْيَدِ في الصدْرِ.
--
1) تحريم الندب علىٰ الميت ووصفه بما ليس فيه.
1) It is prohibited to wail over the death of someone and ascribe to him such attributes that did not really exist in him.
2) زجر الملائكة للميت إذا لم يكن أوصىٰ حال حياته عدمَ النياحة عليه.
2) The angels rebuke the dead person, if he has not previously instructed his relatives not to wail over him.
11/1667ــ وَعَنْ أبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رضي الله عنه قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: «اثْنَتَانِ في النَّاسِ هُمَا بِهِم كُفْرٌ: الطَّعْنُ في النَّسَبِ، وَالنِّيَاحَةُ عَلىٰ المَيِّتِ». رواهُ مسلم.
1667/11 - Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Two matters are signs of disbelief on the part of those who indulge in them: Defaming a person’s lineage and wailing over the dead.” [Narrated by Muslim]
1) النهي عن النياحة علىٰ الميت، لأنها من أعمال الكفر وأخلاق الجاهلية.
1) It is prohibited to wail over a dead person, for this is an act of disbelief and a practice of the pre-Islamic period of ignorance.
2) لا يلزم من كون العمل من شعب الكفر أن يكون فاعله كافراً.
2) A person who does an act of disbelief is not necessarily a disbeliever.
الخلاصة من الأحاديث:
We conclude from the above Hadīths:
إن البكاء الذي يأتي بمجرد الطبيعة لابأس به، وأما النوح، والندب، ولطم الخد، وشق الثوب، ونتف الشعر أو حلقه أو نفشه؛ فكل هذا حرام منهيٌّ عنه، وهو مما تبرأ منه النَّبيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم، والميت يعذَّب بهذا النوح إذا لم ينهَ عنه في حياته، ويوصي أهله بتركه والتحذير منه.
There is nothing wrong with natural weeping. But wailing, slapping cheeks, tearing clothes, and plucking, shaving, or disheveling hair at the time of afflictions are all prohibited and forbidden. The Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) disavowed these acts, on account of which the dead person suffers torment, unless he forbids them during his lifetime and instructs his family not to engage in them.