قال الله تعالىٰ: {إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ يُحِبُّونَ أَن تَشِيعَ ٱلۡفَٰحِشَةُ فِي ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لَهُمۡ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٞ فِي ٱلدُّنۡيَا وَٱلۡأٓخِرَةِۚ وَٱللَّهُ يَعۡلَمُ وَأَنتُمۡ لَا تَعۡلَمُونَ} [النور: 19].
Allah Almighty says: {Indeed, those who like to see indecency spread among the believers will have a painful punishment in this world and the Hereafter; Allah knows and you do not know.} [Surat al-Nūr: 19]
العورة نوعان: عورة حسيّة، وعورة معنوية.
‘Awrah is of two types: physical and moral.
ــ فالعورة الحسيّة: هي ما يحرم النظر إليه كالقُبل والدُّبر، وما أشبه ذلك.
The physical ‘Awrah refers to the body parts that are prohibited to be looked at, like the private parts and the like.
ــ والعورة المعنوية: وهي العيب والسوء الخُلُقي أو العملي.
The moral ‘Awrah refers to faults in character or in actions.
فالمطلوب من العبد؛ ستر عورات المسلمين عموماً.
A Muslim is required to conceal all the ‘Awrahs of Muslims.
وأما (محبة انتشار الفاحشة في الذين آمنوا) فتشمل:
As for “liking to see indecency spread among the believers,” this includes two cases:
ــ محبة انتشار الفاحشة في المجتمع المسلم.
- Liking to see indecency spread in the Muslim community.
ــ ومحبة أن تنتشر في شخص معيّن.
- Liking to see it spread in a certain person.
1/240 ــ وعن أبي هريرةَ رضي الله عنه عن النَّبيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: «لا يَسْتُرُ عَبْدٌ عَبْداً فِي الدُّنْيَا إلَّا سَتَرَهُ اللهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ». رواه مسلم.
240/1- Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “There is no person who conceals the faults of another person in this worldly life, except that Allah will conceal his faults on the Day of Resurrection.” [Narrated by Muslim]
1) الجزاء من جنس العمل؛ فمن ستر مسلماً جازاه الله تعالىٰ بالستر يوم القيامة.
1) Like deed like reward: so whoever conceals the faults of a Muslim, Allah Almighty will reward him on the Day of Judgment in the same way.
2) الستر يتبع المصالح؛ فإن كانت المصلحة في الستر سترنا، أو كانت في الكشف كشفنا.
2) Concealment depends on interests. That is, if interest lies in concealment, it should be opted for, and if it lies in exposure, it should be opted for.
الستر نوعان:
Concealment is of two types:
النوع الأول: ستر محمود؛ ويكون في حق الإنسان المستقيم، فهذا يجب أن يُستر عليه ويُنصح له.
Praiseworthy concealment: it is to conceal the faults of an upright person. Such a person should be granted concealment of faults and sincere advice.
والنوع الثاني: ستر شخص مستهتر في الحرمات معتد علىٰ عباد الله؛ فهذا لا يستر، بل يُكشف ويُفضح.
Dispraised concealment: it is to conceal the faults of a person who is indulged in prohibitions and transgresses against others. Such a person should not be granted concealment; rather, he should be exposed and his real character should be disclosed.
2/241ــ وعنه قال: سمعْتُ رسولَ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول: «كُلُّ أمَّتِي معَافَىٰ إلَّا المُجَاهِرِينَ، وإنَّ مِنَ المُجَاهَرَةِ أَنْ يَعْمَلَ الرَّجُل بِاللَّيْلِ عَمَلاً، ثُمَّ يُصْبِحَ وَقَدْ سَتَرَهُ اللهُ عَلَيْهِ، فَيَقُولُ: يَا فُلانُ عَمِلْتُ الْبَارِحَةَ كَذَا وَكَذَا، وَقَدْ بَاتَ يَسْتُرُهُ رَبُّهُ، وَيُصْبِحُ يَكْشِفُ سَتْرَ الله عنه». متفق عليه.
241/2- Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “All of my Ummah may be forgiven except those who commit sin openly. One kind of committing sin openly is that someone sins during the night, then comes the next day - while Allah has screened his sin - yet he says, ‘O So-and-so, last night, I did such-and-such.’ His Lord has screened his sin all night but in the morning he exposes what Allah has screened.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
المجاهرين: المجاهرون؛ هم الذين يُظهرون دوماً معصية الله _عز وجل_ علانية.
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1) النفس أمانة عندك؛ يجب عليك أن ترعاها حق رعايتها، ولا تعرضها لسخط الله تعالىٰ.
1) Your self is a trust with you, you have to assign due care to it and avoid exposing it to the displeasure of Allah Almighty.
2) يدخل في المجاهرة كلُّ مَنْ سنَّ سنة سيئة.
2) Introducing a bad practice is included in the public committing of bad deeds.
3/242ــ وعنه عَنِ النَّبيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: « إذَا زَنَتِ الأمَةُ فَتَبَيَّنَ زِنَاهَا فَلْيَجْلِدْهَا الحَدَّ، وَلا يُثَرِّبْ عَلَيْهَا، ثُمَّ إنْ زَنَتِ الثَانِيَةَ فَلْيَجْلِدْهَا الحَدَّ وَلا يُثَرِّبْ عَلَيْهَا، ثُمَّ إنْ زَنَتِ الثَّالِثَةَ فَلْيَبِعْهَا وَلَوْ بِحَبْلٍ مِنْ شَعَرٍ » متفق عليه. «التَّثْرِيبُ»: التوْبِيخُ.
242/3- He also reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “If a slave-girl commits fornication and it is proved that she committed fornication, he (her master) should lash her the prescribed number of lashes (fifty lashes) and not rebuke her. If she committed fornication again, he should lash her the prescribed number of lashes and not rebuke her. If she committed fornication for the third time, he should sell her, even for a rope woven from hair (i.e. something worthless).” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
الأمة: هي المملوكة التي تباع وتشترى.
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1) بيان حد المملوكة وأنها علىٰ النصف من حد الحرة.
1) The Hadd (prescribed punishment for Zina) of the female slave is half that of a free woman.
2) النهي عن تعنيف المملوكة الزانية؛ لئلا تستهين بالمعصية لكثرة اللوم.
2) Reproaching a female slave for committing Zina is forbidden so that she would not take that sin lightly due to excessive reproach.
3) إرشاد النَّبيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم إلىٰ الطريق الصحيح في العقاب علىٰ الذنب، وهذا فيه بيان سبق الهدي النبوي للطرق التربوية الحديثة؛ من ذم التعنيف وكثرة اللوم.
3) The Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) guided us to the correct manner of implementing punishment for sins. This shows that, by criticizing excessive reproach and reprimand, the prophetic guidance was ahead of modern pedagogical approaches.
4/243 ــ وعنه قَال: أُتِيَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم بِرَجُلٍ قَدْ شَرِبَ خَمْراً، قال: «اضْرِبُوهُ»، قال أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ: فَمِنَّا الضَّارِبُ بِيَدِهِ، والضَّارِبُ بِنَعْلِهِ، وَالضَّارِبُ بِثَوْبِهِ. فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفَ قَالَ بَعْضُ الْقَوْمِ: أَخْزَاكَ اللهُ، قال: «لا تَقُولُوا هكَذَا، لا تُعِينُوا عَلَيْه الشَّيْطَانَ». رواه البخاري.
243/4- Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) also reported that a man who had drunk alcohol was brought to the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) so he said: “Beat him.” Abu Hurayrah added: “So some of us beat him with their hands, some with their sandals, and some with their garment (by twisting it like a lash). Then, when the man left, someone said: “May Allah disgrace you!” Upon that, the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Do not say this! Do not help the devil to overpower him.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri]
الخزي: العار والذل، فقوله: أخزاك الله بمعنىٰ: أذلّك الله.
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1) العبد إذا فعل ذنباً وعُوقب عليه في الدنيا فهو كفارته، فالواجب ألاّ ندعوَ عليه بالخزي والعار، بل نسأل الله له الهداية والمغفرة.
1) When a slave commits a sin and receives the corresponding punishment in the worldly life, it is an expiation for his sin. So, we should not invoke disgrace and shame upon him, but ask Allah to guide and forgive him.
2) علىٰ العبد ألا يكون عوناً للشيطان علىٰ أخيه المسلم.
2) One should not help the devil against his Muslim brother.