1/1800 ــ عَنْ عَليٍّ رضي الله عنه قالَ: حَفِظْتُ عَنْ رَسُولِ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: «لا يُتْمَ بَعْدَ احْتِلاَمٍ، وَلا صُمَاتَ يَوْمٍ إلىٰ اللَّيْلِ». رواه أبو داود بإسنادٍ حسن.
1800/1 - ‘Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: “I memorized this from the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) as he said: ‘There is no orphanhood after reaching puberty, and there is no silence for the whole day till the night.’” [Narrated by Abu Dāwūd with a sound Isnād]
قالَ الخَطَّابي في تفسِيرِ هذا الحديثِ: كَانَ مِنْ نُسُكِ الجَاهِلِيَّةِ الصُّمَاتُ، فنُهُوا في الإسْلامِ عَنْ ذلِكَ، وَأُمِرُوا بِالذِّكْرِ وَالحَدِيثِ بِالخَيْرِ.
Commenting on this Hadīth, Al-Khattābi said: “One of the rites in the pre-Islamic period of ignorance was silence. So, they were prohibited in Islam from doing so and were commanded to remember Allah and speak good.”
2/1801 ــ وعَنْ قيس بنِ أبي حازِمٍ قالَ: دَخَلَ أبُو بكرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ رضي الله عنه عَلىٰ امْرَأَةٍ مِنْ أَحْمَسَ يُقَالُ لَها: زَيْنَبُ، فَرآَهَا لا تَتكَلَّمُ، فقالَ: مَا لَها لا تَتكَلَّمُ؟ فقالُوا: حَجَّتْ مُصْمِتَةً، فقالَ لَها: تكَلَّمِيْ، فَإنَّ هذا لا يَحِلُّ، هذا مِنْ عَمَلِ الجَاهِلِيَّةِ، فَتكَلَّمَتْ. رواه البخاري.
1801/2 - Qays ibn Abu Hāzim reported: “Abu Bakr al-Siddīq (may Allah be pleased with him) visited a woman from the Ahmas tribe, called Zaynab, and he noticed that she was not speaking. So, he asked: ‘Why is she not speaking?’ They said: ‘She has intended to perform Hajj without speaking.’ He said to her: ‘Speak, for this is unlawful; it is a practice of the pre-Islamic period of ignorance.’ Thereupon, she spoke.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri]
صُمات: سكوت.
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1) وجوب مخالفة أعمال أهل الجاهلية وأحوالهم، فلا يجوز للعبد أن يتعبِّد لله تعالىٰ بالسكوت إلىٰ الليل، لأن هذا ليس من هدي الإسلام.
1) It is obligatory to differ from the people of the pre-Islamic period of ignorance in terms of their deeds and conditions. So, it is not permissible for a person to worship Allah by keeping silent till night because this is not part of the Islamic guidance.
2) من نذر أن يصمت فلا وفاء لنذره، لأنه نذرُ معصيةٍ لا ينعقد.
2) If a person makes a vow to be silent, his vow should not be fulfilled, for it is a vow of sin and not a valid one.
وقد قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: «مَنْ نَذَرَ أنْ يطيعَ اللهَ فَلْيُطِعْهُ، ومَنْ نَذَرَ أنْ يَعصِيَ اللهَ فلا يَعْصِهِ». رواه البخاري عن عائشة رضي الله عنها.
‘Ā’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Whoever makes a vow to obey Allah should obey Him; and whoever makes a vow to disobey Allah should not disobey Him.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri]