قال الله تعالىٰ: {لَن تَنَالُواْ ٱلۡبِرَّ حَتَّىٰ تُنفِقُواْ مِمَّا تُحِبُّونَۚ} [آل عمران: 92] ، وقال تعالىٰ: {يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓاْ أَنفِقُواْ مِن طَيِّبَٰتِ مَا كَسَبۡتُمۡ وَمِمَّآ أَخۡرَجۡنَا لَكُم مِّنَ ٱلۡأَرۡضِۖ وَلَا تَيَمَّمُواْ ٱلۡخَبِيثَ مِنۡهُ تُنفِقُونَ} [البقرة: 267].
Allah Almighty says: {You will never attain righteousness until you spend in charity from what you love} [Surat Āl ‘Imrān: 92] Allah Almighty also says: {O you who believe, spend in charity from the good things you have earned and of what We have produced for you from the earth. Do not choose inferior things for charity} [Surat al-Baqarah: 267]
1) سُمِّيت الصدقة صدقة لدلالتها علىٰ صدق إيمان العبد.
1) 'Sadaqah' (charity) is called as such because it indicates the 'Sidq' (truthfulness) of the one’s faith.
2) الإشارة إلىٰ طبع العبد؛ فهو لايرضىٰ أن يأخذ الرديء بدلاً عن الطيب، فكيف يرضىٰ أن يعطي الرديء بدلاً عن الطيب؟!.
2) Humans are disposed to reject to take what is bad, so how should one give (in charity) what is bad rather than what is good?!
3) علىٰ العبد أن يكون ذا همة عالية في الخير، فيُنفق من أطيب ماله ومما يحب، فعندئذٍ تزكو نفسه وتطيب.
3) One should have high resolve in doing good deeds, so he should spend of the best of his property and of what he loves, since by doing this his self becomes pure and good.
1/297ــ عن أنس رضي الله عنه قال: كَانَ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ رضي الله عنه أَكْثَرَ الأنْصَارِ بِالمَدِينَةِ مَالاً مِنْ نَخْلٍ، وَكَانَ أَحَبُّ أَمْوَالِهِ إلَيْهِ بَيْرَحَاءُ، وَكَانَتْ مسْتَقْبلَةَ المَسْجِدِ، وَكَانَ رسولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يَدْخُلُهَا وَيَشْرَبُ مِنْ مَاءٍ فِيهَا طَيِّبٍ. قَالَ أَنَسٌ: فَلَمَّا نَزَلَتْ هذه الآَيَةُ: {لَن تَنَالُواْ ٱلۡبِرَّ حَتَّىٰ تُنفِقُواْ مِمَّا تُحِبُّونَۚ} قام أبُو طَلْحَةَ إلىٰ رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، فقال: يا رسولَ الله إنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَىٰ أَنْزَلَ عَلَيْكَ: {لَن تَنَالُواْ ٱلۡبِرَّ حَتَّىٰ تُنفِقُواْ مِمَّا تُحِبُّونَۚ} وَإنَّ أَحَبَّ مَالي إلَيَّ بَيْرَحَاءُ، وَإنَّهَا صَدَقَةٌ لله تَعَالَىٰ أَرْجُو بِرَّهَا وَذُخْرَهَا عِنْدَ الله تعالىٰ، فَضَعْها يا رسولَ الله حَيْثُ أَرَاكَ اللهُ، فقال رسولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: «بَخٍ! ذلِكَ مَالٌ رَابحٌ، ذلِكَ مَالٌ رَابحٌ، وَقَدْ سَمِعْتُ مَا قُلْتَ، وَإنِّي أَرَىٰ أَنْ تَجْعَلَهَا في الأقْرَبِينَ» فقال أبُو طَلْحَةَ: أَفْعَلُ يا رسولَ الله، فَقَسَّمَهَا أبُو طَلْحَةَ في أَقَارِبِهِ وَبَني عَمِّهِ. متفقٌ عليه.
297/1- Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: “Abu Talhah (may Allah be pleased with him) was the richest among the Ansar of Madinah and possessed the largest property from palm-trees, and among his possessions that he loved most was (his garden known as) Bayrahā’ which was opposite the mosque. The Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) often visited it and drank from its fresh water.” Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) added: “When this verse was revealed: {You will never attain righteousness until you spend in charity from what you love}, Abu Talhah came to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) and said, ‘O Messenger of Allah, Allah Almighty has revealed to you: {You will never attain righteousness until you spend in charity from what you love}, and what I love most of my property is Bayrahā’, so I have given it as charity for Allah’s sake, and I anticipate its reward with Him; so spend it, O Messenger of Allah, as Allah guides you.’ Thereupon, the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: ‘Well-done! That is a profitable deal! That is a profitable deal! I heard what you said, and I suggest that you give it to your nearest relatives.’ Abu Talhah then said, ‘I will do so, O Messenger of Allah,’ and he divided it among his relatives and paternal cousins.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
قولُهُ صلى الله عليه وسلم: «مَالٌ رَابحٌ» رُوِيَ في الصحيحينِ: «رَابحٌ» و«رَايحٌ» بالباءِ الموحدةِ وبالياءِ المثناةِ، أَي: رَايحٌ عَلَيْكَ نَفْعُهُ، و«بَيْرَحَاءُ» حَدِيقَةُ نَخْلٍ، وروي بكسرِ الباءِ وَفتحِها.
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مستقبلة المسجد: في قبلة المسجد النبوي.
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ذُخرها: أجرها.
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بَخٍ: كلمة تقال لتفخيم الأمر والإعجاب به.
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1) مبادرة الصحابة رضي الله عنهم ومسارعتهم إلىٰ الخير، فقد عرفوا قدر الدنيا وقدر المال، وأنه لايقارَن بما عند الله تعالىٰ من الأجر الباقي.
1) The Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) took the initiative and hastened to doing good deeds as they perceived the true weight of the worldly life and money, and that they are incomparable to what is with Allah Almighty of enduring reward.
2) مالُك الحقيقي هو ما تقدمه، أمّا ما تتمسك به فهو إمّا زائل عنك، وإمّا أنت زائل عنه. فَلْيحرصِ العبد علىٰ أن يكون له زاد يوصله إلىٰ الله والدار الآخرة.
2) Your true wealth is what you send forward, but what you withhold will either leave you or you will leave it. So, one should be keen to have provision that will help him on his way to Allah and the Hereafter.