قال الله تعالىٰ: {وَمَآ أَنفَقتُم مِّن شَيء فَهُوَ يُخلِفُهُ} [سبأ: 39] ، وقال تعالىٰ: {وَمَا تُنفِقُواْ مِن خَير فَلِأَنفُسِكُم وَمَا تُنفِقُونَ إِلَّا ٱبتِغَآءَ وَجهِ ٱللَّهِ وَمَا تُنفِقُواْ مِن خَير يُوَفَّ إِلَيكُم وَأَنتُم لَا تُظلَمُونَ} [البقرة: 272] ، وقال تعالىٰ: {وَمَا تُنفِقُواْ مِن خَير فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ بِهِۦ عَلِيمٌ} [البقرة: 273].
Allah Almighty says: {But whatever thing you spend [in His cause] - He will compensate it.} [Saba’: 39] He also says: {And whatever good you spend is for yourselves, and you do not spend except seeking the face of Allah. And whatever you spend of good – it will be fully repaid to you, and you will not be wronged.} [Al-Baqarah: 272] And He says: {And whatever you spend of good, indeed Allah is Knowing of it.} [Al-Baqarah: 273]
الكرم: اسم جامع لأبواب الإحسان، وهو أنواع، منها:
Generosity is a collective term that refers to all areas of goodness, including:
كرم البذل، وكرم النفس عما في أيدي الناس، وكرم العفو عن إساءة الناس.
Generosity in spending, generosity in refraining from others’ possessions, and generosity in forgiving people’s offences.
1) حث أهل الإيمان علىٰ النفقة ابتغاء وجه الله تعالىٰ.
1) They urge the believers to spend in pursuit of Allah’s pleasure.
2) المؤمن يثق بما عند الله تعالىٰ بأنه يخلفه، ويعوضه خيراً مما أنفق.
2) The believer is certain that Allah Almighty will compensate him for whatever he spends in charity with what is better than what he spends.
1/544 ــ وعَنِ ابنِ مسعودٍ رضي الله عنه عن النَّبيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: «لاَ حَسَدَ إلاَ في اثْنَتَيْنِ: رَجُلٌ آتاهُ اللهُ مَالاً، فَسَلَّطَهُ عَلىٰ هَلَكَتِهِ في الحَقِّ، وَرَجُلٌ آتاه اللهُ حِكْمَةً، فَهُوَ يَقْضِي بِهَا وَيُعَلِّمُهَا». متفقٌ عليه. معناه: يَنْبَغِي أَلاّ يُغبَطَ أَحَدٌ إلَّا علىٰ إحدَىٰ هَاتَينِ الخَصْلَتَيْنِ.
544/1 - Ibn Mas‘ūd (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “There is no cause for envy except in two cases: a man to whom Allah gives wealth and enables him to spend it rightly, and a man to whom Allah gives wisdom and he rules in accordance with it and teaches it.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim] It means: A person may only be envied for these two traits.
هلكته في الحق: إنفاقه في وجوه الخير.
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1) الحث علىٰ التنافس في أعمال الخير، فما ذكر رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم هذا الخير إلا ليتنافس فيه المؤمنون.
1) It urges people to compete in doing acts of goodness. The Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) mentioned this area of goodness only to encourage the believers to compete over it.
2) النعم كلها من الله تعالىٰ، والواجب شكرها؛ وذلك بأن يضعها العبد حيث أمره صاحب النعمة سبحانه وتعالىٰ.
2) All blessings come from Allah Almighty, and we are required to show gratitude for them. To this end, we should use the blessings in the ways determined by the One Who bestowed them.
3) الإنفاق عام يشمل نفقة المال ونفقة العلم.
3) Spending is a general term that includes spending of money and spending of knowledge.
الناس في الحكمة والعلم ينقسمون أربعة أقسام.
In wisdom and knowledge, people fall under four categories:
القسم الأول: من لم يُؤتَ الحكمة إطلاقاً، فهو الجاهل.
First: those who are not given wisdom at all; they are the ignorant.
القسم الثاني: من آتاه الله الحكمة، فبخل بها حتىٰ علىٰ نفسه فلم يعمل بها، فهو الغافل، رُزق العلم وحُرم العمل. لكن أرفع رتبة من الأول.
Second: those whom Allah has given wisdom, yet they are sparing with it, even with regard to themselves. So, they do not make use of it. Those are the heedless. They are endowed with knowledge and deprived of work. Nonetheless, they are one degree higher than the first category.
القسم الثالث: من آتاه الله الحكمة، فعمل بها في نفسه دون أن يعلمها غيره من الناس، فهو علىٰ خير قاصر.
Third: those whom Allah has given wisdom and they use it, but do not teach it to others. So, they are in limited goodness.
القسم الرابع: من آتاه الله الحكمة، فعمل بها في نفسه، وعلمها غيره لينتفع الجميع بها، وهو الفاضل. فاحرص يا أخي أن تكون من هذا القسم الموفَّق.
Fourth: those whom Allah has given wisdom and they use it and teach it to others so that everyone can benefit therefrom. Those are the most virtuous. So, dear fellow Muslims, be keen to belong to this fourth category.
2/545 ــ وعنه قالَ: قالَ رسولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: «أَيُّكُمْ مَالُ وَارِثِهِ أَحَبُّ إليه مِن مَالِهِ؟» قالُوا: يا رسولَ الله، مَا مِنَّا أَحَدٌ إلَّا مَالُه أَحَبُّ إليه. قال: «فَإنَّ مَالَه ما قَدَّمَ، وَمَالَ وَارِثِهِ ما أخّرَ». رواه البخاري.
545/2 - He also reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Which of you prefers the money of his heir to his own money?” They said: “O Messenger of Allah, everyone of us prefers his own money.” He said: “His money is whatever he spends during his life (in good ways), while the money of his heir is whatever he leaves after his death.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri]
1) الحث علىٰ تقديم المال في وجوه الخير، لينتفع به في الدنيا والآخرة.
1) We are urged to spend our money on charitable purposes so that we can benefit from it in worldly life and in the Hereafter.
2) إن تصحيح المفاهيم الخاطئة في حياة الناس، من مهمة العلماء وطلاب العلم.
2) Correcting the wrong concepts in people’s lives is the mission of scholars and seekers of knowledge.
3/546 ــ وعَن عديِّ بنِ حاتمٍ رضي الله عنه أنَّ رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: «اتَّقُوا النَّارَ وَلَوْ بِشِقِّ تَمرَةٍ». متفقٌ عليه.
546/3 - ‘Adyy ibn Hātim (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Avoid Hellfire even with half a date.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
1) إن أبواب الخير منوعة كثيرة، ولن يعدم المؤمن الخير، ولو تصدق بشق تمرة تنجيه من عذاب النار.
1) The areas of goodness are numerous and varied. The believer will always find something good to do, even if it were only half a date that he gives in charity so that it will save him from Hellfire.
2) تعليم النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أمته طرق النجاة من العذاب.
2) The Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) taught his Ummah the ways of attaining salvation from punishment.
4/547 ــ وعن جابرٍ رضي الله عنه قال: ما سُئِل رسولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم شَيئاً قَط،ُّ فقالَ: لا. متفقٌ عليه.
547/4 - Jābir (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: “The Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) was never asked for something and he said ‘No’.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
1) بيان كرم رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وحسن خلقه، فكان لايرد سائلاً، بل كان عطاؤه عطاء من لايخشىٰ الفقر.
1) It shows the Prophet’s generosity and good manners. He would not turn down anyone who asked him for something. In fact, he would give as if he feared no poverty.
2) الموفَّق من عباد الله مَنْ يسعىٰ لتحقيق القدوة برسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم في هديه المبارك، ومن ذلك هذا الخُلق الفاضل.
2) The fortunate among the servants of Allah Almighty are those who seek to take the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) as a role model and follow his guidance, which includes this noble trait.
5/548 ــ وعن أبي هُريرةَ رضي الله عنه قال: قال رسولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: «مَا مِنْ يَومٍ يُصبِحُ العِبَادُ فِيهِ إلَّا مَلَكَانِ يَنزِلانِ، فَيَقُولُ أَحَدُهُمَا: اللهم أَعطِ مُنْفِقاً خَلَفاً، وَيَقُولُ الآخَرُ: اللهم أَعطِ مُمْسِكا تَلَفاً». متفق عليه.
548/5 - Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Every morning, two angels descend. One of them says: ‘O Allah, give the one who spends compensation.’ The other one says: ‘O Allah, give the one who withholds damage.’” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
1) الدعاء للمنفقين بالعِوض المبارك، والدعاء علىٰ المُمسِكين بالتلف المُهلك.
1) It includes supplication for the spenders to be compensated and for the withholders to suffer damage.
2) الملائكة تدعو للمؤمنين الصالحين، وهذه بشرىٰ لأهل الإيمان.
2) The angels supplicate for the righteous believers, and this is good tidings for the people of faith.
1_ التلف الحسي: أن يَتلفَ المالُ بنفسه، وذلك بأن تأتيه آفة تفسده؛ كأن يُحرق، أو يُسرق، أو يغرق.
1. Material damage: This is when the wealth itself gets damaged, such as by burning, stealing, or sinking.
2_ التلف المعنوي: أن تنزع بركته، بحيث لا يكاد يستفيد صاحبه منه في حياته.
2. Moral damage: This is when blessing is removed from it, in a way that its owner barely benefits from it in his life.
6/549ــ وعنه أن رسولَ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: «قالَ الله تعالىٰ: أَنْفِقْ يَا ابْنَ آدَمَ يُنْفَقْ عَلَيْكَ». متفق عليه.
549/6 - He also reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Allah Almighty said: ‘Spend, O son of Adam, and you will be spent on.’” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
1) الحث علىٰ الإنفاق في سبيل الله، لأنّه سبب لسعة الرزق.
1) It urges us to spend in the way of Allah Almighty, as this is a means to increase one’s sustenance.
2) إعطاء الله عبدَه علىٰ حسب إعطاء العبد الفقراءَ والمحتاجين.
2) Allah Almighty gives to a person according to how much this person gives to the poor and needy.
7/550 ــ وعنْ عبد الله بن عَمْرو بنِ العَاصِ رضي الله عنهما أنَّ رَجُلاً سَأَلَ رسولَ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: أَيُّ الإسلامِ خَيْرٌ ؟ قال: « تُطْعِمُ الطَّعَامَ، وَتَقْرَأُ السَّلامَ عَلىٰ مَنْ عَرَفتَ وَمَن لَمْ تَعْرِفْ ». متفقٌ عليه.
550/7 - ‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Amr ibn al-‘Ās (may Allah be pleased with him and his father) reported that a man asked the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him): “Which deed in Islam is better?” He said: “That you feed (people) and greet those whom you know and those whom you do not know.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
1) حرص الصحابة علىٰ العلم بالخصال التي تنفع في الدنيا و الآخرة، وإتباع ذلك بالعمل.
1) The Companions were keen to know, and do, the acts that benefit one in worldly life and in the Hereafter.
2) الحث علىٰ البذل والعطاء بإطعام الطعام.
2) It urges us to spend and give, by feeding people.
هذا العموم في قوله: «وتقرأ السلام...» مخصوص بالمسلمين، فلا يُسلِّم ابتداءً علىٰ غير المسلمين لقوله صلى الله عليه وسلم: «لا تبدؤوا اليهود والنصارىٰ بالسلام ..»الحديث.
His statement “greet those whom you know and those whom you do not know” is limited to Muslims only. We should not initiate the greeting to non-Muslims, based on the Prophet’s statement: “Do not initiate the greeting to the Jews and Christians...”
الفرق بين الجواد والمسرف: أن الجواد حكيم يضع العطاء مواضعه ، والمسرف: كثيراً ما لا يصادف عطاؤه موضعه.
The difference between a generous and wasteful person is that the former puts his spending in its proper place, while the latter often spends in unworthy areas.
فالجواد من يتوخىٰ بماله أداء الحقوق الواجبة والمستحبة، حسب مقتضىٰ الشريعة، وباعثِ المروءة، من النفقة، وقرىٰ الضيف، ومكافأة المهدي، وما يقي به عرضه علىٰ وجه الكمال، طيبةً بذلك نفسُه، راضيةً، مُؤملةً للخلف في الدنيا والآخرة.
A generous person seeks to fulfill, by his wealth, such rights that are due or commendable, as per the Shariah and the sense of chivalry. He honors guests and spends in ways that maintain his honor, doing this willingly and in pursuit of divine compensation in this world and in Hereafter.
وأما المبذر فينفق لحكم هواه وشهوته، من غير مراعاة مصلحة خاصة ولا عامة، قد ضيع الحقوق الواجبة والمستحبة.
A wasteful person, on the other hand, spends according to his whims and lusts, disregarding any personal or public interest. He neglects all rights, due or recommended.
8/551 ــ وعنه قال: قالَ رسولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: «أَرْبَعُونَ خَصلَةً أَعلاهَا مَنِيحَةُ العَنْز،ِ ما مِن عَامِلٍ يَعمَلُ بخَصلَةٍ منها، رَجَاءَ ثَوَابِهَا وَتَصْدِيقَ مَوْعُودِهَا، إلا أَدْخَلَهُ الله تعالىٰ بهَا الجَنَّةَ». رواه البخاري. وقدْ سبق بيانُ هذا في باب بيان كَثرَةِ طُرق الخَيْرِ.
551/8 - He also reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “There are forty kinds of virtue; the uppermost of which is to lend a milch goat. He who practices any of these virtues expecting its reward and relying on the truthfulness of the promise made for it shall enter Paradise.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri] This was previously explained in the chapter on the multitude of the areas of goodness.
1) تنوعُ أبواب الخير، وفتْحُها للعاملين. والمحروم من حُرم دخولها والعمل بها.
1) The doors of goodness are numerous, and they are open to those who want to work. Deprived are those who are not guided to enter through them.
2) الإنفاق المستحب شرعاً، والذي يعظم أجراً، مشروط بالإخلاص لله تعالىٰ؛ {وَمَن يَفعَل ذَٰلِكَ ٱبتِغَآءَ مَرضَاتِ ٱللَّهِ فَسَوفَ نُؤتِيهِ أَجرًا عَظِيما} [النساء: 114].
2) The spending that is regarded as commendable in the Shariah and for which there is a great reward is conditional upon sincerity towards Allah Almighty. {And whoever does that seeking to please Allah - then We are going to give him a great reward.} [An-Nisā’: 114]
9/552 ــ وعن أبي أُمَامَةَ صُدَيِّ بنِ عَجْلانَ رضي الله عنه قال: قالَ رسولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: «يَا ابنَ آدَمَ، إنَّكَ أَن تَبْذُلَ الفَضْلَ خَيْرٌ لَكَ، وأن تُمسِكَهُ شَرٌّ لَكَ، وَلا تُلامُ عَلىٰ كَفَافٍ، وَابْدأْ بِمَنْ تَعُولُ، واليَدُ العُليَا خَيْرٌ مِنَ اليَدِ السُّفْلَىٰ». رواه مسلم.
552/9 - Abu Umāmah Sudayy ibn ‘Ajlān (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “O son of Adam, if you spend the surplus, it will be better for you; and if you retain it, it will be evil for you. You will not be reprimanded for storing what is enough for your need. And start by spending on your dependents; and the upper hand (that gives) is better than the lower hand (that receives).” [Narrated by Muslim]
1) إن بذل المعروف الزائد عن الحاجة خير للعبد؛ لأن في ذلك صلة لإخوانه المحتاجين، وتصديقاً بموعود ربِّ العالمين.
1) It is better for a person to give his surplus wealth, for this helps maintain the ties with his needy fellow Muslims and shows his trust in the promise of the Almighty Lord.
2) كل عبد مطلوب منه البذل بما يستطيع دون كلفة {وَمَن قُدِرَ عَلَيهِ رِزقُهُۥ فَليُنفِق مِمَّآ ءَاتَىٰهُ ٱللَّهُ}.
2) Everyone is required to give according to his means, without overburdening himself. {And he whose provision is restricted - let him spend from what Allah has given him.}
10/553 ــ وعن أنس رضي الله عنه قال: ما سُئِلَ رسولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم عَلىٰ الإسْلامِ شَيْئاً إلَّا أَعْطاه، وَلَقَد جَاءه رجُلٌ، فَأَعطَاه غَنَماً بَينَ جَبَلَينِ، فَرَجَعَ إلىٰ قَومِهِ، فَقَالَ: يَا قَوْمِ أَسْلِمُوا؛ فَإنَّ مُحَمَّداً يُعْطِي عَطَاءَ مَنْ لاَ يَخْشَىٰ الفَقْرَ، وإنْ كانَ الرَّجُلُ لَيُسْلِمُ مَا يُرِيدُ إلَّا الدُّنْيَا، فَمَا يَلبَثُ إلاَ يَسِيراً حَتَىٰ يَكُونَ الإسْلامُ أَحَبَّ إلَيه منَ الدُّنْيَا وَمَا عَلَيْها. رواه مسلم.
553/10 - Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: “Never was the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) asked for anything by someone who was about to accept Islam but that he gave it to them. A man came to him and asked for alms, so he gave him a number of sheep (so large that they filled the space) between two mountains. So the man returned to his people and told them: ‘O my people, embrace Islam, for Muhammad gives lavishly like someone who does not fear any poverty.’ Some people would embrace Islam only for worldly gains, but Islam would soon become dearer to them than the whole world and all what is in it.” [Narrated by Muslim]
1) إن بذل المال، وحسن الخلق، سبب عظيم في تأليف قلوب العباد.
1) Giving money and good manners are very effective means in winning people’s hearts.
2) جواز إعطاء ضعفاء الإيمان من الزكاة تأليفاً لقلوبهم، فالإنسان قد يدخل الإسلام للدنيا، ولكن إذا ذاق طعم الإيمان رغب فيه، وحسن إسلامه.
2) It is permissible to give those with weak faith from the money of Zakah with the aim of winning their hearts. A person may embrace Islam for worldly gains, but then when he tastes the sweetness of faith, he loves it and becomes a true Muslim.
11/554ــ وعن عُمَرَ رضي الله عنه قال: قَسَمَ رسولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قَسْماً، فَقُلْتُ: يا رسولَ الله، لَغَيْرُ هؤُلاءِ كَانُوا أَحَقَّ بِهِ مِنْهُم؟ قالَ: «إنَّهُمْ خَيَّرُوني أن يَسْأَلُوني بالْفُحْشِ، أَوْ يُبَخِّلُوني، ولَسْتُ بِبَاخِلٍ». رواه مسلم.
554/11 - ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: “The Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) distributed some wealth and I said to him: ‘O Messenger of Allah, do you not think that there are other people who are more deserving than these whom you gave?’ He said: ‘They left me no alternative but that they either beg of me importunately or regard me as a miser, and I am not a miser.’” [Narrated by Muslim]
1) بيان ما كان عليه الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم من عظيم الخلق، والصبر، والحلم، والإعراض عن الجاهلين.
1) It shows the Prophet’s noble manners, patience, and forbearance and how he would turn away from the ignorant (i.e. he would not react to their ignorance).
2) البخل ليس من شيم الأنبياء ولا الصالحين، فالمؤمن جواد كريم.
2) Miserliness is not a trait of the prophets or pious people. Indeed, a believer should be generous.
12/555 ــ وعن جُبَيْرِ بنِ مُطعِمٍ رضي الله عنه أنه قال: بَيْنَما هُوَ يَسِيرُ مَعَ النَّبيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم مَقْفَلَهُ مِن حُنيْنٍ، فَعَلِقَهُ الأَعْرَابُ يَسْأَلُونَهُ، حَتَّىٰ اضْطَرُّوهُ إلىٰ سَمُرَةٍ، فَخَطِفَتْ رِدَاءهُ، فَوَقَفَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم، فقال: «أَعْطُوني رِدَائي، فَلَوْ كَانَ لي عَدَدُ هذِهِ العِضَاه نَعَماً لَقَسَمْتُهُ بَيْنكُمْ، ثم لا تَجِدُوني بَخِيلاً وَلا كَذَّاباً وَلا جَبَاناً». رواه البخاري.
555/12 - Jubayr ibn Mut‘im (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that while he was walking with the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) on the way back from the Battle of Hunayn, a few Bedouins caught hold of him and began to demand their shares. They forced him to a tree and someone snatched away his cloak (which got entangled in that thorny tree). Thereupon, the Prophet said: “Give me back my cloak. Were I to have camels equal to the number of these trees, I would distribute them all among you, and you would not find me a miser or a liar or a coward.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri]
«مَقْفَلَه» أَيْ: حَال رُجُوعِهِ. و«السَّمُرَةُ»: شَجَرَةٌ. وَ«العِضَاهُ»: شَجَرٌ لَهُ شَوْكٌ.
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1) إمام المسلمين مُنزَّه أن تكون فيه خصلة مذمومة، وهذا هو شأن مَن يكون قدوة الناس؛ عليه أن يقتدي برسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم.
1) The leader of Muslims (the Prophet) is free from any blameworthy trait. This is how any person who serves as a role model for people should be; he must follow the Prophet’s example to this end.
2) بيان ما كان عليه النَّبيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم من التعليم بالقدوة، فكان يتبع العلم بالعمل.
2) It shows how the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) used to teach people by example. He would follow knowledge by deeds.
3) أثر الهدي الصالح، والخُلق الحسن، على قلوب الخَلق.
3) Guidance and good manners have deep impact upon people’s hearts.
13/556 ــ وعن أبي هُريرةَ رضي الله عنه أنَّ رسولَ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: «مَا نَقَصَت صَدَقَةٌ مِنْ مَالٍ، وَما زَادَ الله عَبْداً بِعَفْوٍ إلَّا عِزّاً، وَما تَوَاضَعَ أَحَدٌ للهِ إلَّا رَفَعَهُ اللهُ _عز وجل_». رواه مسلم.
556/13 - Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Charity never diminishes wealth, and Allah does not increase the one who pardons others except in honor, and no one humbles himself seeking the pleasure of Allah except that Allah Almighty will raise him in rank.” [Narrated by Muslim]
1) الصدقة لا تُنقص المال؛ لأن الله يبارك فيه، ويعوِّض ما ذهب منه.
1) Charity does not decrease one’s wealth, for Allah Almighty blesses that wealth and compensates him for what was spent of it.
2) حال المؤمن الثقة بموعود الله تعالىٰ؛ بأن يعوض بالخير والبركة.
2) The believer trusts his Lord and is certain of His promise that He will compensate him with goodness and blessing.
14/557ــ وعن أبي كَبشَةَ عُمرَ بنِ سَعدٍ الأَنمَارِيِّ رضي الله عنه أنه سمعَ رسولَ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يَقولُ: « ثَلاَثَةٌ أُقْسِمُ عَلَيْهِنَّ، وَأُحَدِّثُكُم حَدِيثاً فَاحْفَظُوهُ: مَا نَقَصَ مَالُ عَبدٍ مِن صَدَقَةٍ، وَلا ظُلِمَ عَبدٌ مَظْلِمَةً صَبَرَ عَلَيْهَا إلا زَادَهُ اللهُ عِزّاً، وَلاَ فَتَحَ عَبْدٌ بَابَ مَسْأَلَةٍ إلَّا فَتَحَ اللهُ عَلَيهِ بَابَ فَقْرٍ، أَوْ كَلِمَةً نَحْوَهَا، وَأُحَدِّثُكُم حَدِيثاً فَاحْفَظُوهُ قال: إنَّمَا الدُّنْيَا لأَرْبَعَةِ نَفَرٍ:
557/14 - Abu Kabshah ‘Umar ibn Sa‘d al-Anmāri (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that he heard the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) say: “I swear by Allah regarding three (qualities) which I am going to tell you about. Remember them well: The wealth of a man will not diminish by charity; Allah augments the honor of a man who endures injustice inflicted upon him patiently; and he who opens a gate of begging, Allah opens to him a gate of poverty - or he said a word similar to that. Remember well what I am going to tell you: The world is for four kinds of people:
عَبْدٍ رَزَقَه اللهُ مَالاً وَعِلْماً، فَهُوَ يَتَّقِي فِيهِ رَبَّهُ، وَيَصِلُ فِيهِ رَحِمَهُ، وَيَعْلَمُ لله فِيهِ حَقّاً، فَهذَا بِأَفضلِ المَنَازِل. وَعَبْدٍ رَزَقَهُ الله عِلْماً، وَلَمْ يَرْزُقْهُ مَالاً، فَهُوَ صَادِقُ النِّيَّةِ يَقُولُ: لَوْ أَنَّ لي مَالاً لَعَمِلْتُ بِعَمَل فُلانٍ، فَهُوَ بِنيَّتِهِ، فَأَجْرُهُمَا سَوَاءٌ.وَعَبْدٍ رَزَقَهُ اللهُ مَالاً، وَلَمْ يَرْزُقْهُ عِلْماً، فَهُوَ يَخْبِطُ في مالِهِ بِغَيرِ عِلمٍ، لا يَتَّقِي فِيهِ رَبَّهُ، وَلا يَصِلُ فِيهِ رَحِمَهُ، وَلا يَعلَمُ لله فِيهِ حَقّاً، فهذَا بأَخْبَثِ المَنَازِلِ.وَعَبْدٍ لَمْ يَرْزُقْهُ اللهُ مَالاً وَلاَ عِلْماً، فَهُوَ يَقُولُ: لَوْ أَنَّ لِي مَالاً لَعَمِلْتُ فِيهِ بِعَمَلِ فُلانٍ، فَهُوَ بِنِيَّتِهِ، فَوِزْرُهُما سَوَاءٌ». رواه الترمذي وقال: حديث حسن صحيح.
1. One whom Allah has given wealth and knowledge so he fears his Lord with regards to his wealth and uses it in upholding kinship ties and acknowledges the right of Allah on him in it. He is in the best rank. 2. One whom Allah has given knowledge but no wealth, and he is sincere in his intention and says: ‘Had I possessed wealth, I would have acted like so-and-so (meaning the first).’ If that is his intention, then his reward is the same as that of the first. 3. One whom Allah has given wealth but no knowledge and he squanders his wealth ignorantly, does not fear Allah in respect to it, does not discharge the obligations of kinship, and does not acknowledge the rights of Allah in his wealth. He is in the worst rank. 4. One whom Allah has given neither wealth nor knowledge and he says: ‘Had I possessed wealth, I would have acted like so-and-so (meaning the third).’ If this is his intention, then both will bear equal sin.” [Narrated by Al-Tirmidhi; he classified it as Hasan Sahīh (sound and authentic)]
نفر: مابين الثلاثة إلىٰ العشرة.
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1) الخبر الصادق عن النَّبيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم بأن الصدقة لا تُنقص المال، بل تزيده وتنميه.
1) This is sure information said by the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him): that charity does not decrease wealth, but in fact increases it.
2) العلم ميزان الأمور كلها؛ فمَن رزقه الله علماً نافعاً عرف كيف يدير أموره، ومن حُرم العلم تخبَّط في أمره، فكان فرطاً، وفي هذا الحث علىٰ طلب العلم النافع.
2) Knowledge is the measure in all matters. Those whom Allah Almighty gives useful knowledge know how to manage their affairs rightly; and those who are deprived of knowledge walk confusedly in life. This is an encouragement to seek beneficial knowledge.
15/558 ــ وعن عائشة رضي الله عنها أَنَّهُمْ ذَبَحُوا شَاةً، فقالَ النَّبيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم: «مَا بقِيَ مِنْها؟» قالت: ما بقي مِنها إلَّا كَتِفُهَا، قال: «بَقِيَ كُلُّهَا غَيرَ كَتِفِهَا». رواه الترمذي وقال: حديث صحيح.
558/15 - ‘Ā’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported that they slaughtered a sheep, and the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) asked: “What is left of it?” She replied: “Nothing is left except its shoulder.” He said: “All of it is left except its shoulder.” [Al-Tirmidhi; he classified it as Sahīh (authentic)]
ومعناه: تَصَدَّقُوا بها إلَّا كَتِفَهَا، فقال: بقيتْ لَنَا في الآخِرَةِ إلَّا كَتِفَهَا.
It means: they gave all of it in charity except for the shoulder. That is why he said: It will all remain for us in the Hereafter, save for the shoulder.
1) بيان كرم النَّبيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم وأهل بيته رضي الله عنهم.
1) It shows the generosity of the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) and his family.
2) مال العبد الباقي هو ما يقدمه ويدّخر ثوابه عند الله تعالىٰ.
2) What remains of a person’s wealth is the part he gives in charity and so its reward is kept in store with Allah Almighty.
8) طريقة النَّبيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم في تصحيح الاعتقادات، والمقاييس الخاطئة في حياة الناس.
3) It presents the Prophet’s approach in correcting wrong concepts and standards in people’s lives.
16/559ــ وعن أسماءَ بنتِ أبي بكرٍ الصِّدِّيق رضي الله عنهما قالت: قال لي رسولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: «لاَ تُوكِي فَيُوكَىٰ عَلَيكِ».
559/16 - Asmā’ bint Abu Bakr Al-Siddīq (may Allah be pleased with her and her father) reported: “The Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said to me: ‘Do not withhold (what you have), lest your sustenance will be withheld from you.’”
وفي روايةٍ: «أَنْفِقِي، أَو انْفَحِي، أَوِ انْضَحِي، وَلا تُحْصي فَيُحْصي الله عَلَيْك، وَلا تُوعِي فَيُوعِي الله عَلَيْكِ». متفقٌ عليه.
In another version: “Spend (in charity), and do not keep account, lest Allah count it against you, and do not hoard, lest Allah withhold from you.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
و«انْفَحِي» بالحاءِ المهملة: وهو بمعنىٰ: «أَنفِقِي» وكذلك: «انْضحِي».
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لا توكي: لا تمنعي وتَشُدِّي ما عندك.
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ولا توعي: لا تمنعي مافضل عنك وتشحي به، فهما بمعنىٰ متقارب.
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1) النهي عن منع الصدقة خشية النفاد، فذلك من سوء الظن بالله تعالىٰ.
1) We are prohibited from withholding charity fearing we will run out of money. This constitutes distrust of Allah Almighty.
2) الجزاء من جنس العمل؛ فمن منع حق الله الواجب عُوقب بأن يضيق الله عليه.
2) A person is recompensed by something similar to his action. So, whoever withholds the right of Allah, he will be punished by suffering straitened circumstances.
17/560 ــ وعن أبي هريرةَ رضي الله عنه أنه سمع رسولَ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يَقُولُ: «مَثَلُ البَخِيلِ والمُنْفِقِ، كَمَثَلِ رَجُلَيْنِ عَلَيْهِما جُنَّتَانِ مِن حَدِيدٍ مِن ثُدِيِّهِمَا إلىٰ تَرَاقِيهِمَا، فَأَمَّا المُنْفِقُ؛ فَلا يُنْفِقُ إلَّا سَبَغَتْ، أَوْ وَفَرَتْ عَلىٰ جلدِهِ حتىٰ تُخْفِيَ بَنَانَهُ، وَتَعْفُوَ أَثَرَهُ، وَأَمّا البَخِيلُ؛ فَلا يُرِيدُ أَنْ يُنْفِقَ شَيئاً إلَّا لَزِقَتْ كُلُّ حَلْقَةٍ مَكَانَهَا، فَهُوَ يُوَسِّعُهَا فَلا تَتَّسِعُ». متفقٌ عليه.
560/17 - Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that he heard the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) say: “The example of a miser and a spender is that of two men wearing an iron armor covering their breasts up to their collarbones. Whenever the spender spends, his armor expands until it becomes so wide that it covers his fingertips and removes his traces. As for the miser, whenever he thinks of spending, every ring of the armor sticks to its place (against his body) and he tries to loosen it, but it does not loosen.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
و«الجُنَّةُ» الدِّرعُ وَمَعنَاهُ: أن المُنْفِقَ كُلَّمَا أَنْفَقَ سَبَغَتْ، وطَالَت حتىٰ تجُرَّ وَرَاءهُ، وتُخْفِي رِجْلَيْهِ وأَثرَ مَشيِهِ وخُطُوَاتِهِ.
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ثُديهما: مثنى ثُدي بالضم، وهو للرجل. وأما الثَدي: بالفتح، فهو للمرأة.
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تراقيهما: جمع ترقوة، وهو: العظم الذي بين النحر والعاتق.
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سبغت: امتدت وغطت.
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بنانه: أصابعه.
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تعفو أثره: تغطي أثره حتىٰ لاتظهر.
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1) الصدقة تستر الخطايا، كما يستر الثوب الذي يجر علىٰ الأرض أثر صاحبه إذا مشىٰ.
1) Charity conceals sins, just as a long garment conceals its wearer’s trace on the ground when he walks.
2) بذل المال والإنفاق، من أعظم أسباب انشراح الصدرِ، وطيب النفس.
2) Spending and charity produces a sense of joy and relief.
18/561 ــ وعنه قال: قال رسولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: «مَنْ تَصَدَّقَ بِعَدْلِ تَمْرةٍ مِن كَسْبٍ طَيِّبٍ، ولا يَقْبَلُ اللهُ إلَّا الطَّيِّبَ، فَإنَّ اللهَ يَقْبَلُهَا بِيَمِينِهِ، ثُمَّ يُرَبِّيها لصَاحِبِهَا، كما يُرَبِّي أحَدُكمْ فَلُوَّهُ حتَّىٰ تكونَ مثلَ الجبلِ». متفقٌ عليه.
561/18 - He also reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “He who gives in charity the value of a date that was lawfully earned - and Allah only accepts that which was lawfully earned - Allah will accept it with His right hand and nurture it for him, just as one of you nurtures his foal until it becomes the size of a mountain.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
«الفَلُوُّ» بفتحِ الفاء وضَمِّ اللام وتشديد الواو، ويقال أيضاً: بكسر الفاء وإسكان اللام وتخفيف الواو: وهو المُهْر.
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1) إن الله طيب لايقبل إلا طيباً، فليحرص المتصدق علىٰ طيب صدقته.
1) Allah is good and only accepts what is good. So, the person giving charity should make sure that what he is giving in charity was lawfully earned.
2) بيان موعود الله تعالىٰ؛ بأن يضاعف الصدقة من الكسب الطيب، حتىٰ تصبح كالجبل. وهذا من ثمرة المال الحلال.
2) It points out the promise of Allah Almighty to multiply charity given out of lawfully earned money until it becomes like a mountain. This is indeed one of the fruits of lawful earning.
19/562 ــ وعنه عنِ النَّبيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: «بَيْنَمَا رَجُلٌ يَمشِي بِفَلاةٍ مِن الأَرْضِ، فَسَمعَ صَوتاً في سَحَابَةٍ: اسقِ حَدِيقَةَ فُلانٍ، فَتَنَحَّىٰ ذلِكَ السَّحَابُ، فَأَفْرَغَ مَاءهُ في حَرَّةٍ، فإذا شَرْجَةٌ مِن تلكَ الشِّراجِ قَدِ اسْتَوعَبَتْ ذلِكَ الماءَ كُلَّهُ، فَتَتَبَّعَ المَاءَ، فإذا رَجُلٌ قَائمٌ في حَدِيقَتِهِ يُحَوِّلُ الماءَ بمِسْحَاتِهِ، فقال له: يَا عَبْدَ الله، ما اسْمُكَ؟ قال: فُلانٌ للاسْمِ الَّذي سَمعَ في السَّحَابَةِ، فقال له: يا عَبْدَ الله، لِمَ تَسْألُني عَنِ اسْمِي؟ فَقَال: إنِّي سَمِعْتُ صَوتاً في السَّحَابِ الذِي هذَا مَاؤُهُ يقُولُ: اسْقِ حَدِيقَةَ فُلانٍ لاسمِكَ، فما تَصْنَعُ فِيها؟ فقال: أَمّا إذْ قُلْتَ هذَا، فإنِّي أَنْظُرُ إلىٰ ما يخْرُجُ مِنْها، فَأتَصَدَّقُ بثُلُثِه، وآكُلُ أَنا وعِيالي ثُلُثاً، وأَرُدُّ فيهَا ثُلثهُ». رواه مسلم.
562/19 - He also reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “While a man was walking through a barren land, he heard a voice coming out of a cloud, saying: ‘Irrigate the garden of so-and- so.’ Thereupon, the cloud drifted in a certain direction and discharged its water over a rocky plain. The streamlets flowed into a channel. The man followed this channel until it reached a garden and he saw a man standing in his garden working with his spade to change the course of the water. He asked him: ‘O slave of Allah, what is your name?’ He told his name, which was the same that he heard from the cloud. The owner of the garden then asked him: ‘O slave of Allah, why did you ask my name?’ He replied: ‘I heard a voice from a cloud which poured down this water, saying: “Irrigate the garden of so-and-so.” I would like to know what you do with it.’ He said: ‘Now since you asked me, I will tell you. I estimate the produce of the garden and give out one-third of it in charity, spend one-third on myself and my family, and invest one-third back into the garden.’” [Narrated by Muslim]
(الحَرَّةُ) الأَرْضُ المُلْبَسَةُ حِجَارَةً سَودَاءَ. و(الشَّرجَةُ) بفتح الشين المعجمة وإسكان الراء وبالجيم: هِي مَسِيلُ الماءِ.
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1) الإنفاق علىٰ العيال والمحتاجين من الأعمال التي يحبها الله تعالىٰ ويرضاها.
1) Spending on one’s dependents and giving to the needy are deeds dear to Allah Almighty and pleasing to Him.
2) يختص الله تعالىٰ عبده المؤمن الصادق برحمة خاصة دون باقي الناس.
2) Allah Almighty endows the sincere believers with special mercy, exclusively given to them apart from all other people.
3) إثبات كرامات الأولياء في هذه الأمة، وفي الأمم الماضية، الذين وَصَفُهم الله تعالىٰ بقوله: {ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَكَانُواْ يَتَّقُونَ}.
3) It affirms the miraculous incidents that happen to the pious servants of Allah in this Ummah and in the past nations, whom Allah Almighty describes as: {Those who believed and feared Allah.}