قال الله تعالىٰ: {وَأَوفُواْ بِٱلعَهدِ إِنَّ ٱلعَهدَ كَانَ مَسُٔولا} [الإسراء: 34]، وقال تعالىٰ: {وَأَوفُواْ بِعَهدِ ٱللَّهِ إِذَا عَٰهَدتُّم} [النحل: 91]، وقال تعالىٰ: {يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓاْ أَوفُواْ بِٱلعُقُودِ} [المائدة: 1]، وقال تعالىٰ: { يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لِمَ تَقُولُونَ مَا لَا تَفعَلُونَ * كَبُرَ مَقتًا عِندَ ٱللَّهِ أَن تَقُولُواْ مَا لَا تَفعَلُونَ} [الصف: 2 ـ 3].
Allah Almighty says: {And fulfill the covenant. Surely you will be questioned about it.} [Al-Isrā’: 34] He also says: {And fulfill the covenant of Allah when you have taken it} [Al-Nahl: 91] He also says: {O you who believe, fulfill the contracts} [Al-Mā’idah: 1] He also says: {O you who believe, why do you say what you do not do? Greatly hateful in the sight of Allah is that you say what you do not do.} [Al-Saff: 2-3]
العهد: ما يعاهد الإنسان به غيره، وهو نوعان:
A covenant is what a person pledges to others. It is of two types:
ــ عهد مع الله _عز وجل_: في تحقيق التوحيد الذي هو حق الله تعالىٰ علىٰ العبيد. فقد أخذ الله العهد علىٰ عباده جميعاً أن يعبدوه ولا يشركوا به شيئاً.
- A covenant with Allah Almighty concerning the fulfillment of Tawhīd (monotheism), which is the right of Allah upon His servants. He took covenant from His servants to worship Him alone and associate no partners with Him.
ــ وعهد مع عباد الله: في أداء الحقوق، ومنه: العقود التي تقع بين الناس من بيوع وأنكحة، ورهن، ووديعة، ونحوها.
- A covenant with people concerning the fulfillment of rights. This includes the contracts concluded among people, like sales, marriages, mortgages, deposits, etc.
1) الوفاء بالعهد من الأمانات المسؤول عنها العبدُ يومَ القيامة.
1) Fulfillment of covenants is one of the trusts for which one is held accountable on the Day of Judgment.
2) العبد إذا عاهد أخاه ولم يفِ له فقد قال ما لا يفعل، والله يبغض مَنْ هذه صفتُه، ويحب الموفين بالعهد إذا عاهدوا.
2) If a person promises someone that he will do something and does not fulfill his promise, he has thus said what he does not do, and Allah Almighty hates such people and loves those who fulfill their promises.
1/689 ــ عن أبي هريرةَ رضي الله عنه أنَّ رسولَ الله قال: «آيَةُ المُنَافِقِ ثَلاثٌ: إذا حَدَّثَ كَذَبَ، وَإذَا وَعَدَ أَخلَفَ، وَإذا اؤْتُمن خَانَ». متفقٌ عليه.
689/1 - Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “The signs of the hypocrite are three: when he speaks, he lies; when he makes a promise, he breaks it; and when he is entrusted with something, he betrays the trust.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
زَادَ في رواية لمسلم: «وَإنْ صَامَ وَصَلَّىٰ وَزَعَمَ أَنَّهُ مُسلِمٌ».
The version by Muslim has this addition: “Even if he fasts, prays, and claims to be a Muslim.”
2/690ــ وعن عبدِ الله بن عمرو بن العاص رضي الله عنهما أَنَّ رسولَ الله قال: «أَرْبَعٌ مَنْ كُنَّ فِيهِ كَانَ مُنَافِقاً خَالِصاً، وَمَنْ كَانَتْ فِيهِ خَصلَةٌ مِنْهُنَّ كَانَتْ فِيهِ خَصْلَةٌ مِنَ النِّفَاقِ حَتَّىٰ يَدَعَهَا: إذا اؤْتُمِنَ خَانَ، وَإذَا حَدَّثَ كَذَبَ، وَإذا عَاهَدَ غَدَرَ، وَإذا خَاصَمَ فَجَر». متفقٌ عليه.
690/2 - ‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Amr ibn al-‘Ās (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Whoever has the following four (characteristics) is a pure hypocrite and whoever has one of them has one characteristic of hypocrisy, until he gives it up: whenever he is entrusted, he betrays; whenever he speaks, he tells a lie; whenever he makes a covenant, he proves treacherous; and whenever he quarrels, he behaves in an imprudent immoral manner.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
1) الكذب، وإخلاف الوعد، وخيانة الأمانة، وعدم وفاء العهد، والفجور في الخصومة، كل ذلك من علامات المنافقين التي أخبر بها صلى الله عليه وسلم خَبَرَ تحذيرٍ وتنفيرٍ.
1) Lying, breaking promises, breach of trust, non-fulfillment of covenants, and immorality in disputes are all signs of hypocrisy about which the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) informed and warned us.
2) علىٰ المؤمن أن يحدّدَ المواعيد ويضبطَها وَيفِيَ بها، لأن إخلاف الوعد من صفة المنافقين. فكم فرّط أناسٌ منا بوعودهم!! فضاعت مصالح، وانجرت مفاسد، وصار الأمر فرطاً.
2) A believer should be punctual, for an appointment is like a promise to be fulfilled, and non-fulfillment of promises is a trait of hypocrites. How often people break their promises, and this ruins interests and yields evils.
3/691 ــ وعن جابرٍ رضي الله عنه قال: قال لِي النَّبيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم: «لَوْ قَدْ جاءَ مالُ الْبَحْرَيْنِ قَدْ أَعْطَيْتُكَ هَكَذا وَهَكَذا وهكَذَا» فَلَمْ يَجِىٰءْ مَالُ الْبَحْرَيْنِ حَتَّىٰ قُبِضَ النَّبيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم ، فَلَمَّا جَاءَ مَالُ الْبَحْرَيْنِ أَمَرَ أَبُو بكرٍ رضي الله عنه، فَنَادَىٰ: مَنْ كَانَ لَهُ عِنْدَ رسولِ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم عِدَةٌ أَوْ دَيْنٌ فَلْيَأْتِنَا. فَأَتَيْتُهُ وَقُلتُ لَهُ: إنَّ النَّبيَّ قال لي كذا وَكَذَا، فَحَثَىٰ لي حَثْيَةً، فَعَدَدْتُهَا، فَإذا هِيَ خَمْسُمِائَةٍ، فقال لي: خُذْ مِثْلَيْها. متفقٌ عليه.
691/3 - Jābir (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said to me: “When the revenues of Bahrain arrive, I shall give you this much and this much and this much.” He passed away before the revenues were received. When they arrived during the caliphate of Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), he called out: “Anyone whom the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) promised or owed anything should come to me.” I went to him and said: “The Prophet said to me such-and-such.” So he took a double handful out of the money and gave it to me. I counted it and found that it was five hundred. Then, he said to me: “Take twice as much.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
البحرين: منطقة الإحساء وما جاورها في جزيرة العرب، كانت تُسمّىٰ البحرين في ذلك العهد.
Bahrain refers to Al-Ihsā’ and the surrounding area in the Arabian Peninsula. It was called Bahrain at the time.
عِدَةٌ: وعد.
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فحثىٰ لي حَثْية: غرف لي من المال بيديه.
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1) جواز تخصيص بعض المسلمين بشيء من بيت المال، بشرط ألا يكون ذلك لمجرد الهوىٰ، بل للمصلحة العامّة أو الخاصّة.
1) It is permissible to allocate something from the treasury to some Muslims, provided this is not based on personal whims; rather, for public or private interests.
2) فضيلة الصِّدِّيق رضي الله عنه ، فقد أنفذ عهد رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم.
2) It highlights the merit of Abu Bakr al-Siddīq (may Allah be pleased with him), who fulfilled the Prophet’s promise.