الطعام: ما يَطْعمه الإنسان، أي ما يتذوق طعمه، فيكون شراباً ويكون أكلاً، فالعنوان يشمل آداب الأكل والشرب.
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1/728 ــ عن عُمَرَ بنِ أبي سَلمَةَ رضي الله عنهما قال: قال لي رسولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: «سَمِّ اللهَ، وَكُلْ بِيَمِينِكَ، وكُلْ مِمَّا يَلِيكَ» متفق عليه .
728/1 - ‘Umar ibn Abi Salamah (may Allah be pleased with him) 0reported: The Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said to me: “Mention Allah’s name, eat with your right hand, and eat from what is nearer to you.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
2/729 ــ وعن عَائشةَ رضي الله عنها قالَتْ: قالَ رسولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: «إذا أَكَلَ أَحَدُكُمْ فَلْيَذْكُرِ اسْمَ الله تعالىٰ، فإنْ نَسِيَ أَنْ يَذْكُرَ اسْمَ الله تَعَالَىٰ في أوَّلِهِ، فَلْيَقُلْ: بِسْمِ الله أَوَّلَهُ وَآخِرَهُ» رواه أبو داود، والترمذي، وقال: حديث حسن صحيح.
679/2 - ‘Ā’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “When one of you eats, let him mention the name of Allah, the Exalted. If he forgets to mention His name at the beginning, let him say: ‘Bimillāhi awwalahu wa ākhirah (In the name of Allah, for its beginning and its end)’.” [Narrated by Abu Dāwūd and Al-Tirmidhi, who classified it as Hasan Sahīh (sound and authentic)]
1) إن تعليم أبنائنا آداب الأكل والشرب هو من هدي النَّبيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم.
1) It is part of the Prophet’s guidance that we teach our children the etiquettes of eating and drinking.
2) التسمية علىٰ الأكل واجبة مع الذكر، فإذا تركها الإنسان عمداً فإنه يأثم ويشاركه الشيطان في أكله.
2) It is incumbent upon a Muslim to mention the name of Allah before eating, and if he fails to do this intentionally, he incurs a sin and Satan shares the food with him.
3) الأكل مما يلي غيرك من سوء الأدب، إلا أن يكون الطعام أنواعاً، فلا حرج.
3) Eating from the food near someone else is impolite, except if there are various types of food, in which case there is nothing wrong with doing so.
3/730ــ وعن جابِرٍ رضي الله عنه قال: سَمِعْتُ رسولَ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقولُ: «إذا دخل الرَّجُلُ بَيْتَهُ، فَذَكَرَ اللهَ عِنْدَ دُخُولِهِ وعِنْدَ طَعامِهِ، قال الشَّيْطَانُ لأصْحَابِهِ: لا مَبِيتَ لَكُم ولا عَشَاءَ، وإذَا دَخَلَ، فَلَمْ يَذْكُرِ اللهَ تعالىٰ عِنْدَ دُخُولِهِ، قال الشَّيْطَانُ: أَدْرَكْتُمُ المَبِيتَ، وإذا لَمْ يَذْكُرِ اللهَ تعالىٰ عِنْدَ طَعَامِهِ قال: أَدْرَكْتُمُ المَبِيتَ وَالعَشَاءَ». رواه مسلم.
730/3 - Jābir (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: I heard the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) say: “When a man mentions Allah’s name upon entering his house and when eating, the devil says (to his companions): ‘There is no night shelter nor supper here for you.’ But when a man does not mention Allah’s name upon entering his house, the devil says: ‘You have found for yourselves a night shelter.’ If he does not mention Allah’s name when starting to eat, the devil says: ‘You have found for yourselves both a night shelter and supper.’” [Narrated by Muslim]
1) من رحمة الشريعة أن رغبت العبد علىٰ فعل كل ما يحترِزُ به من الشيطان.
1) It is a merciful aspect of the Shariah that it endears to people all the things that guard them against Satan.
2) الشيطان يراقب ابن آدم في عمله وتصرفه، فإذا غفل نال مراده. فالموفّق من حفظ نفسه بلزوم السُّنّة النبوية.
2) Satan observes all actions and behaviors of the children of Adam. Whenever a person falls into heedlessness, this helps Satan achieve his purpose. So, a fortunate person is the one who protects himself by adhering to the Sunnah.
4/731 ــ وعن حُذَيْفَةَ رضي الله عنه قال: «كُنَّا إذا حَضَرْنَا مَعَ رسولِ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم طَعَاماً، لَمْ نَضَعْ أيدِيَنَا حَتَّىٰ يَبْدَأَ رسولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فَيَضَعُ يَدَه. وَإنَّا حَضَرْنَا مَعَهُ مَرَّةً طَعَاماً، فَجَاءَت جَارِيَةٌ كأنَّهَا تُدْفَعُ، فَذَهَبَتْ لِتَضَعَ يَدَهَا في الطَّعَامِ، فَأَخَذَ رسولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم بِيَدِهَا، ثم جَاءَ أَعْرَابِيٌّ كَأَنَمَا يُدْفَعُ، فَأَخَذَ بِيَدِهِ، فقال رسولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: «إنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ يَسْتَحِلُّ الطَّعَامَ أنْ لا يُذْكَرَ اسمُ اللهِ تَعَالىٰ عليه، وإنَّهُ جَاءَ بهذهِ الجَارِيَةِ لِيَسْتَحِلَّ بهَا، فَأَخَذْتُ بِيَدِهَا، فَجَاءَ بهذا الأعْرابيّ لِيَسْتَحِلَّ بِهِ، فَأَخَذْتُ بِيَدِهِ، والَّذِي نَفسي بِيَدِهِ، إنَّ يَدَه في يَدي مَعَ يَدَيْهِمَا». ثمَّ ذَكَرَ اسمَ الله وأكلَ. رواه مسلم.
731/4 - Hudhayfah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: “When we attended a meal with the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him), we would not stretch our hands until the Messenger would start and stretch his hand. Once we attended a meal with him and a little girl came in rushing as if she was being pushed forward. She was about to put her hand into the food when the Messenger caught her hand. Then a Bedouin came in rushing as if he was being pushed forward. He caught his hand too, and then said: ‘Verily, the devil can eat from any food upon which the name of Allah is not mentioned. He brought this little girl to be able to eat, but I caught her hand. Then he brought this Bedouin to be able to eat, but I caught his hand too. By the One in Whose hand my soul is, his hand is in my grasp along with their hands.” Then he mentioned the name of Allah and ate. [Narrated by Muslim]
1) احترام الصحابة رضي الله عنهم رسولَ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، وبيان أدبهم معه.
1) It shows how the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) respected the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) and observed proper etiquette with him.
2) من آداب الطعام أن يُؤثر الكبير بالأكل أولاً، لأن التقدم بين يدي الكبير ينافي الأدب.
2) Part of the etiquette of eating is letting the elderly eat first, as it is impolite to extend one’s hand in front of an older person and eat ahead of him.
3) وجوب تغيير المنكر لمن كان عالماً به ، فالنَّبيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم أمسك بأيديهم وعلّمهم ما يجب أن يعملوه في آداب الطعام.
3) It is a duty to change what is wrong upon the person who has proper knowledge of it. The Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) held their hands and taught them how to observe the etiquette of eating.
5/732 ــ وعن أمَيّةَ بنِ مخْشِيٍّ الصَّحَابِيِّ رضي الله عنه قال: «كانَ رسُولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم جَالِساً، وَرَجُلٌ يَأْكُلُ، فَلَمْ يُسَمِّ اللهَ حَتَّىٰ لَمْ يَبْقَ مِنْ طَعَامِهِ إلَّا لُقْمَةٌ، فلَمَّا رَفَعَهَا إلىٰ فِيهِ، قالَ: بِسمِ اللهِ أَوَّلَـهُ وآخِرَهُ، فَضَحِكَ النَّبيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم ، ثم قال: «مَا زَالَ الشَيْطَانُ يَأْكُلُ مَعَهُ، فَلَمَّا ذَكَرَ اسْمَ الله اسْتَقَاءَ مَا في بَطْنِهِ». رواه أبو داود، والنسائي[2].
732/5 - Umayyah ibn Makhshi, a Companion, (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) was sitting while a man was eating. He did not mention Allah’s name until there remained the last morsel. When he raised it to his mouth, he said: “In the name of Allah at the beginning and at the end of it.” Thereupon, the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) laughed and said: “Alhamdulillāh hamdan kathīran tayyiban mubārakan feeh, ghayra mukfiy wa la muwadda‘ wa la mustaghnan ‘anhu rabbana (Praise be to Allah, abundant, good, and blessed praise. He is in no need to any of His creation and His alone is a never-ending praise, a praise that we will never bid farewell to and an indispensable praise, O our Lord).” [Narrated by Abu Dāwūd and Al-Nasā’i] [2]
6/733 ــ وعن عائشةَ رضي الله عنها قالَتْ: كانَ رسولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يَأْكُلُ طَعَاماً في سِتَّةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ، فَجَاءَ أَعْرَابِيٌّ، فَأَكَلَهُ بِلُقْمَتَيْنِ، فقال رسولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: «أَمَّا إنَّهُ لَوْ سَمَّىٰ لَكَفَاكُمْ». رواه الترمذي، وقال: حديثٌ حسنٌ صحيحٌ.
733/6 - ‘Ā’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported: While the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) was eating some food with six of his Companions, a Bedouin came and ate it up in two morsels. Thereupon, the Messenger said: “If only he had mentioned the name of Allah, it would have been enough for all of you.” [Al-Tirmidhi; and he classified it as Hasan Sahīh (sound and authentic)]
1) ذكر اسم الله تعالىٰ يبارك كلّ شيء، فما ذكر العبد اسم ربِّه في شيء إلا حلَّت فيه البركة.
1) Mentioning the name of Allah brings blessing. When a person mentions the name of his Lord in anything he does, it becomes blessed.
2) الشيطان قريب من الغافل، بعيد عن الذاكر لله تعالىٰ. فَلْيحرصِ المؤمن علىٰ دوام ذكر الله تعالىٰ.
2) Satan is close to heedless people who are away from the remembrance of their Lord. So, the believer should be keen to constantly remember Allah Almighty.
3) استحباب الاجتماع علىٰ الطعام وإن كان قليلاً.
3) Gathering around food is desirable, even if it is little.
7/734 ــ وعن أبي أُمامةَ رضي الله عنه أنَّ النَّبيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم كانَ إذا رَفَعَ مَائِدَتَهُ قال: «الحَمْدُ لله حمداً كَثِيراً طَيِّباً مُبَارَكاً فِيه، غَيْرَ مَكْفِيٍّ، وَلاَ مُوَدَّعٍ، وَلا مُسْتَغْنىً عَنْهُ، رَبَّنا». رواه البخاري.
734/7 - Abu Umāmah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) used to say upon finishing his meal: “Alhamdulillāh hamdan kathīran tayyiban mubārakan feeh, ghayra mukfiy wa la muwadda‘ wa la mustaghnan ‘anhu rabbana (Praise be to Allah, abundant, good, and blessed praise. He is in no need to any of His creation and His alone is a never-ending praise, a praise that we will never bid farewell to and an indispensable praise, O our Lord).” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri]
غير مَكْفِيٍّ: غير محتاج لأحد من خلقه، فهو الغني الذي يُطْعِم ولا يُطْعَم.
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ولا مُوَدَّع: غير متروك الطلب إليه، بمعنىٰ: أنه المقصود وحده سبحانه.
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1) علىٰ العبد إذا أكل طعاماً أن يحمد الله سبحانه وتعالىٰ، فهو وحده المستحق للحمد دون غيره، فهو صاحب النعم.
1) After a person eats food, he should praise his Lord, for He alone deserves praise and He alone is the Bestower of favors.
2) العباد كلّهم محتاجون إلىٰ الله، وهو مستغنٍ عنهم، متفضّل عليهم، فالعباد مفتقرون إليه سبحانه في إيجادهم وإمدادهم.
2) All servants stand in need of their Lord in terms of their sustenance and very existence, whereas He does not need them and He bestows favors upon them.
8/735 ــ وعن مُعَاذِ بن أنسٍ رضي الله عنه قالَ: قالَ رسُولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: «مَنْ أَكَلَ طَعَاماً فَقَالَ: الحَمْدُ لله الَّذِي أَطْعَمَنِي هذا الطَّعَامَ، وَرَزَقَنِيهِ مِنْ غَيْرِ حَوْلٍ مِنِّي وَلا قُوَّةٍ، غُفِرَ لَهُ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ ذَنْبِهِ». رواه أبو داود، والترمذي، وقال: حديثٌ حسنٌ.
735/8 - Mu‘ādh ibn Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Whoever eats food and says, ‘Alhamdulillāh alladhi at‘amani hadha al-ta‘ām wa razaqanīh min ghayri hawlin minni wa la quwwah (Praise be to Allah Who fed me and provided me with this food through no might or power on my part)’, his past sins will be forgiven.” [Narrated by Abu Dāwūd and Al-Tirmidhi who classified it as Hasan Sahīh (sound and authentic)]
1) بيان عظيم فضل الله علىٰ عباده، فأمور العباد كلّها من الله _عز وجل_، وليست بحولهم وقوتهم.
1) It highlights the greatness of Allah’s grace towards His servants. Indeed, everything possessed by people comes from their Creator, and not through any power or strength on their part.
2) البشرىٰ لأهل الإيمان بمغفرة ذنوبهم وزيادة النعم، إذا شكروا ربَّهم علىٰ نعمه، ومنها: نعمة الطعام والشراب.
2) Glad tidings are given to the believers that their sins will be forgiven and their blessings increased, if they give thanks to their Lord for His favors, which include food and drink.