قَالَ الله تعالىٰ: {إِنَّ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ تَنهَىٰ عَنِ ٱلفَحشَآءِ وَٱلمُنكَرِۗ} [العنكبوت: 45].
Allah Almighty says: {Indeed, prayer prohibits immorality and wrongdoing} [Surat al-‘Ankabūt: 45]
1) الصَّلاة التي تنهىٰ عن الفحشاء والمنكر هي التي يقيمها العبدُ علىٰ الوجه الأكمل باطناً وظاهراً، علىٰ هدي صفة صلاة النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم، فيدخل الصَّلاة بقلب حاضر، يؤدّيها بجميع أركانها وشروطها وواجباتها وسننها.
1) Prayer that prohibits immorality and wrongdoing is the one that a person establishes in the most perfect manner, both inwardly and outwardly, in accordance with the Prophet’s guidance. He should enter the prayer with a focused mind, performing all its obligatory and supererogatory elements and fulfilling its pillars and requirements.
2) إن إقامة العبد علىٰ الذنوب والمنكرات سبب يصدُّه عن الصَّلاة، فكما أن الصَّلاة تنهىٰ عن الفحشاء والمنكر، فإن الفحشاء والمنكر تنهىٰ عن الصَّلاة، وعن الأُنْس بها والرغبة فيها.
2) A person’s insistence on sins and misdeeds prevents him from prayer. Just as prayer prevents immorality and wrongdoing, immorality and wrongdoing prevent prayer and the love and desire for it.
1/1042ــ وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رضي الله عنه قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يَقُولُ: «أَرَأَيْتُمْ لَوْ أَنَّ نَهْراً بِبَابِ أَحَدِكُم يَغْتَسِلُ مِنْه كُلَّ يَوْمٍ خَمْسَ مَرَّاتٍ، هَلْ يَبْقَىٰ مِنْ دَرَنِهِ شَيْءٌ؟» قَالُوا: لا يَبْقَىٰ مِنْ دَرَنِهِ شَيْءٌ، قَالَ: «فَذلِكَ مَثَلُ الصَّلَوَاتِ الخَمْسِ، يَمْحُو اللهُ بِهِنَّ الخَطَايَا». متفقٌ عليه.
1042/1 - Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: I heard the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) say: “If there were a river at the door of one of you in which he takes a bath five times a day, would any dirt remain on him?” They replied: “No dirt would remain on him.” He said: “That is the example of the five prayers. Allah obliterates sins by them.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
2/1043ــ وعَنْ جابرٍ رضي الله عنه قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: «مثَلُ الصَّلواتِ الخَمْسِ كَمَثَلِ نَهْرٍ جَارٍ غَمْرٍ عَلىٰ بَابِ أحَدِكُمْ، يغْتسلُ منهُ كلَّ يومٍ خَمْسَ مَرَّاتٍ». رواه مسلم.
1043/2 - Jābir (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “The five prayers are like a great river running by your door in which you wash five times every day.” [Narrated by Muslim]
الغمر: بفتح الغين المعجمة: الكثير.
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درنه: وسخه، فالدرن هو: الوسخ والقذر.
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1) الصلوات الخمس يمحو الله بهنّ الخطايا، حَتَّىٰ يصير العبد بها طاهراً نقيّاً من الذنوب.
1) Through the five prayers, Allah Almighty obliterates a person’s sins until he becomes pure and free from all sin.
2) ضرب المثال عند التعليم يسهِّل فهم المسألة.
2) Setting examples for educational purposes makes understanding easier.
3) علىٰ حسب قيام العبد بحق الصَّلاة وأدائها علىٰ الوجه الشرعي الصحيح، يكون تكفير الذنوب. فَلْيجتهدِ المؤمن بتعلم صفة صلاة النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم، ليكون لَهُ ثوابُ محوِ الخطايا.
3) The more a person performs prayer in the proper manner, the more his sins will be expiated. So, we should be keen to learn how exactly the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) used to pray so that we will be rewarded with the expiation of our sins.
3/1044ــ عَنْ ابن مسعود رضي الله عنه: أنَّ رجُلاً أصَابَ مِن امرأةٍ قُبْلَةً، فأتَىٰ النَّبيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم، فأخبرَهُ، فأنزلَ الله تعالىٰ: {وَأَقِمِ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ طَرَفَيِ ٱلنَّهَارِ وَزُلَفا مِّنَ ٱلَّيلِ إِنَّ ٱلحَسَنَٰتِ يُذهِبنَ ٱلسَّئَِّاتِ} [هود: 114] فقال الرَّجُلُ: أليَ هذا؟ قَالَ: «لِجَميعِ أمَّتي كُلِّهمْ». متفق عليه.
1044/3 - Ibn Mas‘ūd (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: A man kissed a woman (unlawfully), so he came to the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) and informed him of the matter. Thereupon, Allah Almighty revealed the following verse: {And establish prayer at the two ends of the day and at the approach of the night. Indeed, good deeds do away with misdeeds.} [Hūd: 114] So, the man said: “Is this for me?” He replied: “It is for all my Ummah as a whole.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
1) إظهار رحمة الله تعالىٰ بالأمة المحمدية، حين شرع لها الحسنات التي تمحو السيئات، وتكفّر الخطيئات، فلله تعالىٰ الحمد أولاً وآخراً، ظاهراً وباطناً.
1) It shows Allah’s mercy towards the Muslim Ummah as He has legislated for them good deeds that expiate sins. Indeed, all praise and thanks are due to our Lord.
2) الأصل في جميع الأحكام الشرعية أنها عامة لجميع الأمة، إلَّا مَا ورد دليل خصوصية بشخص معين، مثل قوله تعالىٰ: {خَالِصَة لَّكَ مِن دُونِ ٱلمُؤمِنِينَۗ} ونحو ذلك، فالعبرة بعموم اللفظ لا بخصوص السبب.
2) Fundamentally, all Shariah rulings generally apply to the whole Ummah, unless otherwise established by a proof, like the verse that says: {[This is] only for you [Muhammad], excluding the [other] believers.} It is the general meanings of the words that matter, not the specific circumstance surrounding them.
4/1045ــ عَنْ أبي هُرَيْرَةَ رضي الله عنه أنَّ رَسُولَ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ: «الصَّلوَاتُ الخمْسُ، والجُمُعَةُ إلىٰ الجُمُعَةِ، كفَّارَةٌ لما بينَهُنَّ، مَا لَمْ تُغشَ الكَبَائر». رواه مسلم.
1045/4 - Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “The five (daily) prayers and the Friday prayer to the next Friday prayer are expiation for the sins committed between them, unless major sins are committed.” [Narrated by Muslim]
تُغْشَ: تُؤْتَ.
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1) الكبائر لا تكفَّر إلَّا بالتوبة الخاصة، أما الصغائر فهي التي تكفَّر بالصلوات ونحوها من الطاعات.
1) Major sins are only expiated by separate repentance. Minor sins, on the other hand, are expiated by prayers and other acts of worship.
2) تعظيم قدر الجمعة والجماعات فهي من أسباب الرحمات والكفارات.
2) Recognizing the high status of Friday prayer and other congregational prayers, as they are means for bringing mercy and forgiveness of sins.
5/1046ــ وعن عثمانَ بنِ عفّانَ رضي الله عنه قالَ: سَمِعْتُ رسولَ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول: «ما مِنِ امرئ مُسْلِمٍ تَحْضُرُهُ صَلاةٌ مَكْتُوبَةٌ، فَيُحْسِنُ وُضُوءَهَا وَخُشُوعَهَا وَرُكُوعَهَا، إلَّا كانَت كَفَّارَةً لِمَا قَبْلَهَا مِنَ الذُّنُوبِ، ما لَمْ تُؤْتَ كَبِيرَةٌ، وذلِكَ الدَّهْرَ كُلَّهُ». رواه مسلم.
1046/5 - ‘Uthmān ibn ‘Affān (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “When the time for an obligatory prayer comes and a Muslim properly makes ablution for it and performs its bowing and other acts with humility, this prayer will be an expiation for his past sins, so long as he does not commit major sins; and this applies at all times.” [Narrated by Muslim]
1) إن إحسان الوضوء والصلاة سبب عظيم لتكفير الخطايا والذنوب الصغائر.
1) Making ablution properly and offering prayer is a great means for expiating minor sins.
2) ذكر الخشوع في الحديث للتنبيه علىٰ أهميته، فهو روح الصَّلاة قَالَ تعالىٰ: {قَد أَفلَحَ ٱلمُؤمِنُونَ * ٱلَّذِينَ هُم فِي صَلَاتِهِم خَٰشِعُونَ}.
2) The Hadīth mentions humility during prayer to draw attention to its significance, for it is the spirit of prayer. Allah Almighty says: {Certainly the believers have succeeded. Those who are humble in their prayer.}