قَالَ الله تَعَالىٰ: {وَمَا تَفعَلُواْ مِن خَير فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ بِهِۦ عَلِيم} [البقرة 215] ، وقَالَ الله تَعَالىٰ: {وَيَٰقَومِ أَوفُواْ ٱلمِكيَالَ وَٱلمِيزَانَ بِٱلقِسطِۖ وَلَا تَبخَسُواْ ٱلنَّاسَ أَشيَآءَهُم} [هود 85] ، وقال تَعَالىٰ: {وَيل لِّلمُطَفِّفِينَ * ٱلَّذِينَ إِذَا ٱكتَالُواْ عَلَى ٱلنَّاسِ يَستَوفُونَ * وَإِذَا كَالُوهُم أَو وَّزَنُوهُم يُخسِرُونَ * أَلَا يَظُنُّ أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ أَنَّهُم مَّبعُوثُونَ * لِيَومٍ عَظِيم * يَومَ يَقُومُ ٱلنَّاسُ لِرَبِّ ٱلعَٰلَمِينَ} [المطففين 1_6].
Allah Almighty says: {And whatever you do of good, indeed Allah is All-Knowing of it.} [Surat al-Baqarah: 215] He also says: {And O my people, give full measure and weight in justice and do not deprive the people of their due.} [Surat Hūd: 85] And He says: {Woe to the defrauders, those who take full measure when they take from others, but they give less when they measure or weigh for them. Do they really not think that they will be resurrected for a momentous Day, a Day when people will stand before the Lord of the worlds?} [Surat al-Mutaffifīn: 1-6]
1) الحث علىٰ السماحة في البيع والشراء، فهذا من الخير الَّذي يُعطىٰ عليه العبد أفضل الجزاء.
1) They urge us to be kind and lenient as we buy and sell. This entails a great reward.
2) التهديد والوعيد للمطفِّفين؛ الذين يطلبون الزيادة فيما يتعاملون به لصالحهم، وينقصون ما هو صالح الناس.
2) They issue a stern warning to those who give people less than their due and take more than their own due.
3) إن الأمر بالعدل في التعامل بالبيع والشراء هو وصية الأنبياء عليهم الصلاة والسلام لأُمَمِهم.
3) The Prophets (peace be upon them) exhorted their respective communities to be just in their business transactions.
1/1367ــ وعَنْ أبي هريرةَ رضي الله عنه أنَّ رجُلاً أتىٰ النَّبيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم يَتَقَاضَاهُ، فأغْلَظَ لَهُ، فَهَمَّ به أصحابُهُ، فَقَال رَسُول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: «دعُوهُ، فإنَّ لصَاحب الحَقِّ مَقَالاً» ثُمَّ قَالَ: «أعْطُوهُ سنّاً مثلَ سِنِّه» قالوا: يارسولَ الله لا نَجدُ إلَّا أمْثَلَ من سِنِّه، قَالَ: «أعطُوهُ، فإنَّ خَيْرَكُمْ أحْسَنُكُمْ قَضَاءً». متفق عليه.
1367/1 - Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: “A man came to the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) and demanded repayment of his debt in such a rude manner that the Companions were about to attack him. But the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: ‘Leave him, for the creditor is entitled to make a demand.’ Then he said: “Give him a camel of the same age as the camel that is due to him.” They said: “O Messenger of Allah, we only find a better camel senior to it in age.” He said: “Give it to him, for the best among you are those who settle their debts in the best manner.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
يتقاضاه: يطلب قضاء دينه.
--
أمثل: أحسن حالاً.
--
1) بيان حسن تعامل النَّبيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم مَعَ صاحب الحق، واحتمال الأذىٰ منه، فإن لصاحب الحق مقالاً.
1) It shows how the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) dealt kindly with the creditor and bore his harsh treatment, for the creditor is entitled to claim his dues.
2) الإرشاد إلىٰ الهدي النبوي في الإحسان لصاحب الدين عند القضاء، فمن زاد في مقدار وفاء دينه دون شرط مسبق كَانَ هذا من حسن القضاء.
2) The Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) guided us to be benevolent towards the creditor as we repay his debt. If a debtor gives more than the due debt, without this being subject to a precondition, this is regarded as a good settlement of debts.
3) من أصول التعامل: الصبر علىٰ أذية الناس، وخاصة مع البعيدين عَنِ الأدب والخلق الحسن، فعلىٰ المسلم الداعية أن يصبر علىٰ مَا يجده من أذىٰ الناس.
3) The proper ethics in dealing with others, especially the ill-mannered, is to bear their harm patiently. So, a Muslim preacher should endure people’s harm with patience.
2/1368ــ وعَنْ جابر رضي الله عنه أنَّ رَسُولَ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ: «رَحمَ اللهُ رَجُلاً سَمْحاً إذَا باع، وإذا اشْتَرَىٰ، وإذَا اقْتَضَىٰ». رواه البخاري.
1368/2 - Jābir (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “May Allah have mercy on a man who is lenient when he sells, and when he buys, and when he demands back his money.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri]
1) السماحة في البيع والشراء سبب لنيل العبد رحمة الله تَعَالىٰ.
1) Leniency in buying and selling is a means for attaining the mercy of Allah Almighty.
2) الحث علىٰ العفو عَنِ الناس في بيعهم وشرائهم، وعدم التضييق في التعاملات المالية.
2) It urges us to deal forgivingly with people in business transactions and not to put undue restrictions upon them.
3/1369ــ وعَنْ أبي قتادَةَ رضي الله عنه قَالَ: سمعتُ رَسُولَ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقُولُ: «مَنْ سَرَّهُ أن يُنْجِّيَهُ اللهُ مِن كُرَبِ يومِ القيامةِ، فلْيُنَفِّسْ عَنْ مُعْسِرٍ أوْ يَضَعْ عَنْهُ». رواهُ مسلمٌ.
1369/3 - Abu Qatādah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: I heard the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) say: “Whoever is pleased to be saved by Allah from the anguish of the Day of Judgment, let him give the insolvent respite or grant him remission.” [Narrated by Muslim]
يضع عَنْهُ: يعفيه من الدين ويسامحه.
--
1) الجزاء من جنس العمل؛ فمن فرّج كربة أخيه في الدنيا، فرّج الله عَنْهُ من كرب يوم القيامة.
1) Recompense is of the same type of action. So, if a Muslim relieves the distress of his fellow Muslim in the life of this world, Allah will relieve his distress on the Day of Judgment.
2) الحث علىٰ المسامحة في وفاء الدين، بالتخفيف أو العفو الكامل.
2) It urges us to be forgiving when it comes to repayment of debts due to us, either by canceling part of it or forgiving it entirely.
4/1370ــ وعَنْ أبي هُرَيْرَةَ رضي الله عنه أنَّ رَسُولَ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ: «كَانَ رجُلٌ يُداينُ النَّاسَ، وكانَ يقُولُ لفتَاهُ: إذَا أتَيْتَ مُعْسِراً فَتَجَاوَزْ عَنْهُ، لَعَلَّ اللهَ أنْ يَتَجَاوَزَ عنَّا، فَلَقيَ اللهَ فَتَجَاوَزَ عَنْهُ». مُتَّفَقٌ عليهِ.
1370/4 - Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “There was a man who used to give loans to people. He would say to his servant: ‘When you come to an insolvent person, overlook his debt; perhaps Allah would overlook our sins.’ So the man met Allah (after death), and He overlooked his sins.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
5/1371 ــ وعَنْ أبي مسعود البَدْريِّ رضي الله عنه قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: «حُوسبَ رَجُلٌ ممَّنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكُمْ، فَلَمْ يُوجدْ لَهُ منَ الخَيْر شيءٌ، إلَّا أنَّهُ كَانَ يُخالطُ النَّاسَ، وكانَ مُوسراً، وكانَ يأمُرُ غلمَانَهُ أنْ يَتَجَاوَزُوا عَنْ المُعْسِر. قَالَ الله _عز وجل_: نحنُ أحقُّ بذلك منهُ، تَجَاوَزُوا عَنْهُ». رواهُ مسلم.
1371/5 - Abu Sa‘īd al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “A man from among those who were before you was called to account (by Allah on the Day of Judgment). No good deeds were found in his record except that he, being a rich man, used to enter into transactions with people and used to command his servants to show leniency towards those who were insolvent. Allah Almighty said: ‘We are more entitled to this (leniency) than him. Pardon him.’” [Narrated by Muslim]
6/1372 ــ وعَنْ حُذيفةَ رضي الله عنه قَالَ: «أُتِيَ اللهُ بعَبْدٍ منْ عبَادِهِ آتاهُ اللهُ مَالاً، فَقَال لَهُ: ماذا عَملْتَ في الدُّنْيَا؟ قَالَ: ولا يَكْتُمُون اللهَ حَديثاً، قَالَ: يا ربِّ آتيْتَني مالَكَ، فكُنْتُ أبايعُ النَّاسَ، وكان من خُلُقي الجَوَازُ، فَكُنْتُ أتَيَسَّرُ علىٰ المُوسِر، وأُنْظِرُ المُعْسرَ، فَقَال الله تَعَالىٰ: «أنا أحقُّ بذَا منْكَ، تَجَاوَزُوا عَنْ عَبْدي»، فَقَال عُقْبَةُ بنُ عَامر وأبُو مسعود الأنصاريُّ رضي الله عنهما: هكَذَا سَمعناهُ منْ فيِّ رَسُول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم. رواهُ مسلمٌ.
1372/6 - Hudhayfah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “A servant of Allah whom Allah granted wealth will be brought before Him, and He will ask him: ‘What did you do in the worldly life?’” Hudhayfah said: {And they will be able to hide nothing from Allah} [Surat an-Nisā’: 42]. “He will say: ‘O Lord, you gave me wealth and I used to enter into transactions with people. It was my nature to be lenient. I used to show leniency towards the solvent and give respite to the insolvent.’ Allah Almighty will say: ‘I am more entitled to that (action) than you. Pardon My servant.’” ‘Uqbah ibn ‘Āmir and Abu Mas‘ūd al-Ansāri (may Allah be pleased with both of them) said: “This is how we heard it from the Prophet’s lips.” [Narrated by Muslim]
1) فضيلة تأخير المعسر، وهو واجب، ولا يحل لصاحب الحق أن يُلِحَّ علىٰ المعسر في القضاء.
1) It points out the merit of giving respite to the insolvent debtor; it is an obligation. The creditor should not press an insolvent debtor to repay the debt.
2) الترغيب في مسامحة المعسر والعفو عَنْهُ، وهو سُنة مستحبة، وذلك سبب لنيل عفو الله تَعَالىٰ.
2) It encourages creditors to forgive the debts of insolvent persons; it is a recommended act of Sunnah that brings forgiveness of the Almighty Lord.
3) العمل القليل مَعَ الإخلاص لوجه الله تَعَالىٰ، سبب لتكفير الذنوب الكبيرة، ونيل رحمة الله تَعَالىٰ.
3) Small deeds which are done sincerely for the sake of Allah expiate great sins and lead to winning His mercy.
7/1373ــ وعَنْ أبي هُرَيْرَةَ رضي الله عنه قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: «مَنْ أنْظَرَ مُعْسِراً، أوْ وَضَعَ لَهُ، أظَلَّهُ اللهُ يومَ القيامة تَحْتَ ظلِّ عَرْشه، يَوْمَ لا ظلَّ إلَّا ظلُّهُ». رواه الترمذيٌّ وقال: حديثٌ حسنٌ صحيحٌ.
1373/7 - Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Whoever gives respite to an insolvent person or remits part of his debt, Allah will shade him on the Day of Judgment in the shade of His throne on a day when there will be no shade but His.” [Narrated by Al-Tirmidhi; he classified it as Hasan Sahīh (sound and authentic)]
أنظر معسراً: أَخَّرَ وقت سداده.
Give respite: delay the time of repayment.
1) إمهال المعسر أو مسامحته من الخصال التي ينال بها العبد الظلال تحت عرش الرحمن، جزاءً من جنس عمله.
1) When a creditor gives respite to the insolvent debtor or forgives the debt entirely, he earns shade under the throne of Allah the Most Merciful, as recompense in kind for his merciful deed.
2) كل امرئ يوم القيامة تحت ظل صدقته، ويُجازىٰ المتجاوزون عَنِ الناس أن يكونوا تحت ظل عرش الرحمن.
2) Every person will be under the shade of his charity on the Day of Judgment, and those who pardon the debts of insolvent people will be shaded under the throne of Allah, the Most Merciful.
8/1374ــ وعَنْ جابر رضي الله عنه أنَّ النَّبيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم اشْتَرَىٰ منهُ بَعيراً، فَوَزَنَ لَهُ، فَأرْجَحَ. مُتَّفَقٌ عليهِ.
1374/8 - Jābir (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) bought a camel from him, and he weighed out (the price) and paid him more than his due. [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
9/1375ــ وعَنْ أبي صفوانَ سُوَيْدِ بنِ قَيسٍ رضي الله عنه قَالَ: جلبْتُ أنا وَمَحْرَمَةُ العَبْديُّ بزّاً من هَجَرَ، فَجَاءَنَا النَّبيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم، فَسَاوَمَنَا بسَرَاويلَ، وَعندي وزَّانٌ يَزنُ بالأجْر، فَقَال النَّبيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم للوَزَّان: «زنْ، وَأرْجحْ». رواه أبو داودَ، والترمذيٌّ وقال: حديثٌ حسنٌ صحيحٌ.
1375/9 - Abu Safwān Suwayd ibn Qays (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: Makhramah al-‘Abdi and I brought some linen (or cotton) garments from Hajar. The Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) came to us and bargained with us for some pants. There was a man present who would weigh merchandise (in scales) for a wage. The Prophet said to him: “Weigh, and add some more.” [Narrated by Abu Dāwūd and Al-Tirmidhi, who classified it as Hasan Sahīh (sound and authentic)]
بزاً: نوع من الثياب.
--
فساومنا: المساومة: المراجعة في الثمن حتىٰ يتفقا علىٰ سعر.
--
1) إظهار حسن تعامله صلى الله عليه وسلم في البيع والشراء، وهو قدوة المؤمنين، فكان يزيد لصاحب الحق زيادة علىٰ حقه.
1) They show the Prophet’s kind manner in buying and selling. The role model for the believers, he would give people more than what was due to them.
2) جواز المساومة في الثمن عند الشراء، دون أن يبخس المشتري الحاجة.
2) It is permissible for a buyer to bargain over the price of the commodity, without underestimation.
3) من سماحة نفس المشتري أن يطلب من البائع أن يرجح في الوزن، بما فيه مصلحة ونفع للبائع.
3) A lenient and kind buyer would ask the seller to weigh in a way favorable for the latter.