قَالَ الله تعالىٰ: {إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يَأمُرُكُم أَن تُؤَدُّواْ ٱلأَمَٰنَٰتِ إِلَىٰٓ أَهلِهَا} [النساء: 58] ، وقال تعالىٰ: {فَإِن أَمِنَ بَعضُكُم بَعضا فَليُؤَدِّ ٱلَّذِي ٱؤتُمِنَ أَمَٰنَتَهُۥ} [البقرة: 283].
Allah Almighty says: {Indeed, Allah commands you to return trusts to their owners} [Surat al-Nisā’: 58] And He says: {But if you trust one another, then the debtor should fulfill his trust} [Surat al-Baqarah: 283]
1) وجوب أداء الحقوق إلىٰ أهلها وعدم تأخيرها.
1) It is obligatory to render the rights to their owners without delay.
2) أداء الأمانة هي الصفة الظاهرة في المجتمع المسلم.
2) Discharging the trust is the predominant characteristic of the Muslim society.
1/1611ــ وعن أبي هُرَيْرَةَ رضي الله عنه أنَّ رَسُولَ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ: «مَطْلُ الغَنيِّ ظُلْمٌ، وإذا أُتبعَ أحَدُكُم عَلَىٰ مليءٍ فَلْيَتْبَعْ». متفق عليه.
1611/1- Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Procrastination in repayment of a debt by a rich man is injustice, but when one of you is referred for repayment to a wealthy person, let him be referred.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
مَعْنَىٰ «أُتبعَ»: أُحِيلَ.
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المطل: هو التأخير، ومطلُ الغني: أي تأخير الحق الذي يجب عليه.
Matl (procrastination): delay; procrastination by a rich person means that he delays fulfilling the rights due upon him.
1) تحريم تأخير سداد الدَّينْ إذا استُحق علىٰ العبد وقدر علىٰ أدائه، لأن تأخيره من الظلم.
1) It is prohibited to delay the settlement of a due debt when one can afford repaying it because delaying the payment is injustice.
2) وجوب امتثال الأمر بقبول الحوالة، وهي أن يحيلَ المدينُ علىٰ رجل آخر له عنده مبلغ من المال، فيقول لصاحب الحق: خذْ دَينك من فلان، فإن لي عنده مالاً فتستوفي دينك منه.
2) It is obligatory to comply with the Prophet’s command to accept the transfer of a debt to be paid by another person. This is the case when the debtor refers the creditor to another person who will pay him the debt. He says to the creditor: “Take your money from so-and so, for he owes me a sum of money.”
يستحب للدائن ألاّ يرفض الحوالة إلا إذا وُجِدَ مانع، كأن يكون المُحال عليه مماطلاً أو عسيرَ المعاملة أو نحو ذلك، فله عندئذ أن يرفضها.
It is recommended that the creditor does not decline the debt transfer, unless there is an impediment, like when the person to whom the debt is transferred is a procrastinator, difficult to deal with or the like. Here he may decline the transfer of debt.