1/1707 ــ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ رضي الله عنهما عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم، قَالَ: «إنَّ اللهَ تَعَالىٰ يَنْهَاكُمْ أَنْ تَحْلِفُوا بآبائِكُمْ، فَمَنْ كَانَ حَالِفاً فَلْيَحْلِفْ بِالله، أَوْ لِيَصْمُتْ». متفقٌ عليه.
1707/1 - Ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him and his father) reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Indeed, Allah Almighty forbids you from swearing by your fathers. So, he who wants to swear should swear by Allah or keep silent.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
وفي روايةٍ في الصّحِيحِ: «فَمنْ كانَ حَالِفاً فَلا يَحْلِفْ إلاّ بالله، أوْ لِيَسْكُتْ».
In another authentic narration: “So, he who wants to swear should swear by none but Allah or remain silent.”
2/1708 ــ وَعَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمنِ بنِ سَمُرَةَ، رضي الله عنه قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: «لا تَحْلِفُوا بِالطَّوَاغِي، وَلا بِآبَائِكُمْ». رواه مسلم.
1708/2 - ‘Abdur-Rahmān ibn Samurah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Do not swear by the Tawāghi (idols) or your fathers.” [Narrated by Muslim]
«الطَّوَاغِي»: جَمعُ طَاغِيَة، وَهِيَ الأصْنَامُ، وَمِنْهُ الحَدِيثُ: «هذِهِ طَاغِيَةُ دَوْسٍ»: أَيْ: صَنَمهُم وَمَعْبُودهُم، وَرُوِيَ في غَيْرِ مُسْلِم: «بِالطَّوَاغِيتِ» جَمْعُ طَاغُوتٍ، وَهُوَ الشَّيْطَانُ وَالصَّنَمُ.
Tawāghi: the plural of Tāghiyah, which means idol. This term is used in a Hadīth reading: “This is the Tāghiyah of Daws”, i.e. their idol. Another narration, not by Muslim, includes the term Tawāghīt, the plural of Tāghūt, which means the devil and idol.
3/1709 ــ وَعَنْ بُرَيْدَةَ رضي الله عنه أَنَّ رَسُولَ الله عليه وسلم قَالَ: «مَنْ حَلَفَ بِالأمانَةِ فَليْسَ مِنَّا». حَدِيثٌ صَحِيحٍ، رَوَاهُ أبُو داود بإسنادٍ صَحِيحٍ.
1709/3 - Buraydah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “He who swears by the trust is not one of us.” [Narrated by Abu Dāwūd with an authentic Isnad; Sahīh (authentic)]
4/1710 ــ وَعَنْهُ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: «مَنْ حَلَفَ فَقَالَ: إنِّي بَرِيءٌ مِنَ الإسْلاَمِ، فَإنْ كَانَ كَاذِباً فَهُوَ كَمَا قَالَ، وَإنْ كَانَ صَادِقاً فَلَنْ يَرْجِعَ إلىٰ الإسْلاَمِ سَالِماً». رواه أبو داود.
1710/4 - He also reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Anyone who swears saying: ‘I am innocent of Islam,’ if he is lying, he will be as he said; and if he is telling the truth, his Islam will be defective.” [Narrated by Abu Dāwūd]
5/1711 ــ وَعَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ رضي الله عنهما أَّنهُ سَمعَ رَجُلاً يَقُولُ: لاَ وَالْكَعْبَةِ، قَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ: لاَ تَحْلِفْ بِغَيْرِ الله، فَإنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يَقُولُ: «مَنْ حَلَفَ بِغَيْرِ الله فَقَدْ كَفَرَ، أَوْ أَشْرَكَ». رواه الترمذي وقَالَ: حَدِيثٌ حَسَن.
1711/5 - Ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him and his father) reported that he heard a man saying: “No, by the Ka‘bah.” He said to him: “Do not swear by other than Allah, for I heard the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) say: ‘Whoever swears by other than Allah has become a disbeliever, or a polytheist.’” [Narrated by Al-Tirmidhi; he classified it as Hasan (sound)]
وفَسَّرَ بَعْضُ الْعُلَمَاءِ قَوْلَهُ: «كَفَرَ أو أَشْرَكَ» عَلَىٰ التَّغْلِيظِ، كَمَا رُوِيَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ: «الرِيَاءُ شِرْكٌ».
Some scholars took his words “has become a disbeliever or a polytheist” to refer to the gravity of the sin - like the Prophet’s statement: “Ostentation is polytheism.”
الحلف: تأكيد الشيء المقسم عليه بذكر مُعظَّم.
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1) النهي عن الحلف بغير الله _عز وجل_ ؛ لأنَّه نوع من الإشراك بالله تعالىٰ.
1) It is prohibited to swear by other than Allah Almighty, which is an act of polytheism.
2) علىٰ العبد أن يحذر من الحلف بأي مخلوق ولو كان معظماً، أو أن يطلب من أحد أن يحلف بما يوقعه في الإشراك.
2) A person should be keen not to swear by any creature, even a great one, or to ask someone to take such an oath that throws him into polytheism.
3) إن تحريمَ الحلف بغير الله تعالىٰ هو إظهارٌ لحق التوحيد، الخالص لله تعالىٰ، فلا يحق لمخلوق مهما كان معظَّماً أن يُسَوَّىٰ بالله تعالىٰ عند الحلف.
3) The prohibition of swearing by other than Allah Almighty demonstrates the exclusive right of the Almighty Lord to be worshiped alone. No creature, no matter how great he may be, should be made equal to Allah by way of swearing.
يدخل في جواز الحلف بالله تعالىٰ: الحلفُ بالقرآن الكريم، أو المصحف، لأنه كلام الله تعالىٰ، وهو صفة من صفاته، ولا يقصد الحالف الورق والمداد المخلوقَين.
As part of swearing by Allah Almighty, it is permissible to swear by the Qur’an or the Mus-haf (bound copy of the Qur’an), for it is the speech of Allah and one of His attributes. In fact, the swearer does not mean the papers and the ink, which are both created.
أما الحلف (بالأمانة) وقول بعض الناس: «أمانة أمانة»، فإنها نوع من الحلف، وقد تقدم الحديث «من حلف بالأمانة فليس منا». فالمتعين علىٰ العبد أن يسعىٰ في تصحيح ألفاظه وضبطها وفق هدي الشريعة، ويدعو الخَلق إلىٰ هذا الخُلق، ليتحقق بالتوحيد الذي هو حق الله تعالىٰ علىٰ العبيد.
As for swearing by the trust, as some people say: “the trust, the trust”, it is a form of swearing on which we have cited the Hadīth: “He who swears by the trust is not one of us.” Therefore, a person should try to correct his speech and regulate it in accordance with the Shariah and enjoin others to do the same - in fulfillment of monotheism, which is Allah’s right upon His servants.