قال الله تعالىٰ: {وَٱخفِض جَنَاحَكَ لِمَنِ ٱتَّبَعَكَ مِنَ ٱلمُؤمِنِينَ} [الشعراء: 215]، وقال تعالىٰ: {يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ مَن يَرتَدَّ مِنكُم عَن دِينِهِۦ فَسَوفَ يَأتِي ٱللَّهُ بِقَوم يُحِبُّهُم وَيُحِبُّونَهُۥٓ أَذِلَّةٍ عَلَى ٱلمُؤمِنِينَ أَعِزَّةٍ عَلَى ٱلكَٰفِرِينَ} [المائدة: 54] ، وقال تعالَىٰ: {يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلنَّاسُ إِنَّا خَلَقنَٰكُم مِّن ذَكَر وَأُنثَىٰ وَجَعَلنَٰكُم شُعُوبا وَقَبَآئِلَ لِتَعَارَفُوٓاْ إِنَّ أَكرَمَكُم عِندَ ٱللَّهِ أَتقَىٰكُم} [الحجرات: 13] ، وقال تعالىٰ: {فَلَا تُزَكُّوٓاْ أَنفُسَكُمۖ هُوَ أَعلَمُ بِمَنِ ٱتَّقَىٰٓ} [النجم: 32] ، وقال تعالىٰ: {وَنَادَىٰٓ أَصحَٰبُ ٱلأَعرَافِ رِجَالا يَعرِفُونَهُم بِسِيمَىٰهُم قَالُواْ مَآ أَغنَىٰ عَنكُم جَمعُكُم وَمَا كُنتُم تَستَكبِرُونَ * أَهَٰٓؤُلَآءِ ٱلَّذِينَ أَقسَمتُم لَا يَنَالُهُمُ ٱللَّهُ بِرَحمَةٍ ٱدخُلُواْ ٱلجَنَّةَ لَا خَوفٌ عَلَيكُم وَلَآ أَنتُم تَحزَنُونَ} [الأعراف: 48 ـ 49].
Allah Almighty says: {And lower your wing [i.e. show kindness] to those who follow you of the believers.} [Ash-Shu‘arā’: 215] He also says: {O you who believe, whoever of you should revert from his religion - Allah will bring forth [in place of them] a people He will love and who will love Him [who are] humble toward the believers, strict against the disbelievers.} [Al-Mā’idah: 54] And He says: {O mankind, indeed We have created you from male and female and made you peoples and tribes so that you may know one another. Indeed, the most noble of you in the sight of Allah is the most righteous of you.} [Al-Hujurāt: 13] Allah Almighty also says: {So do not claim yourselves to be pure; He is most knowing of who fears Him.} [An-Najm: 32] He also says: {And the companions of the Heights will call to men [within Hell] whom they recognize by their mark, saying: “Of no avail to you was your gathering and [the fact] that you were arrogant.” [Allah will say]: “Are these the ones whom you [inhabitants of Hell] swore that Allah would never show mercy? Enter Paradise, [O people of the Heights]. No fear will there be for you, nor will you grieve.”} [Al-A‘rāf: 48-49]
1) التواضع وخفض الجناح للمؤمنين خاصة، أما الكافر فلا تواضع له، بل يُعلىٰ عليه، قال صلى الله عليه وسلم: «الإسلام يعلو ولا يُعلىٰ». رواه الدارقطني.
1) The believers should be humble when they deal with one another. But they should not be humble towards the disbelievers. On the contrary, they should treat them in a superior manner. The Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Islam is always superior and nothing can be superior to it.” [Al-Dāraqutni]
2) إظهار وصف النَّبيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم وأصحابه رضي الله عنهم فهم: أشداء علىٰ الكفار، رحماء فيما بينهم.
2) They describe the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) and his Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) as tough against the disbelievers, yet merciful towards one another.
3) إثبات المحبة لله _عز وجل_، فهو يُحِبُّ ويُحَبُّ {فَسَوفَ يَأتِي ٱللَّهُ بِقَوم يُحِبُّهُم وَيُحِبُّونَهُۥٓ}.
3) They affirm the attribute of Love to Allah Almighty, as He loves and is loved: {Allah will bring forth [in place of them] a people He will love and who will love Him.}
4) بيان الحكمة من أن الله جعلنا شعوباً وقبائل؛ من أجل أن يعرف بعضنا بعضاً، لا من أجل أن يفخر بعضنا علىٰ بعض، فالفضل في الإسلام بالتقوىٰ والعمل الصالح.
4) They point out the wisdom behind Allah Almighty creating us as different peoples and tribes; it is to get acquainted, and not for the purpose of bragging before one another. The merit in Islam lies in piety and good deeds.
1/602 ــ وعن عِيَاضِ بن حِمَارٍ رضي الله عنه قال: قال رسولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: «إنَّ الله أَوحَىٰ إليَّ أَنْ تَوَاضَعُوا، حتىٰ لا يَفْخَرَ أَحَدٌ عَلىٰ أَحَدٍ، وَلا يَبغِيَ أَحَدٌ علىٰ أَحَدٍ». رواه مسلم.
602/1 - ‘Iyād ibn Himār (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Verily, Allah revealed to me that you must be humble, so that no one boasts of himself before another nor oppresses another.” [Narrated by Muslim]
لا يبغي: لا يظلم ولا يعتدي.
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1) علىٰ الإنسان أن يتصف بالتواضع لله _عز وجل_ ولإخوانه من المسلمين، فينظر لمن هو أكبر منه نظرة إكرامٍ وإجلالٍ، وإلىٰ من هو دونه نظرة رحمة وإشفاقٍ، وإلىٰ من هو مثله نظرة مساواة، فالتواضع لأهل الإيمان من أسباب انتشار العدل والإحسان.
1) A person should be humble to Allah Almighty and towards Muslims. He should look with respect and reverence at those older than him, with mercy and compassion at those who are younger, and with equality at those who are his peers. Indeed, showing humility to the people of faith helps spread justice and benevolence.
2) السنّة النبوية وحيٌ من الله تعالىٰ، وهي تتنزل كما ينزل القرآن.
2) The Prophet’s Sunnah is a revelation from Allah Almighty, which was sent down just like the Qur’an.
3) الكِبْر يولد التفاخر، والتفاخر يولد البغي والقطيعة. فليحذر العبد من خصال المتكبرين.
3) Arrogance generates bragging amongst people, and bragging leads to oppression and severance of ties. So, let everyone shun this behavior.
2/603 ــ وعَنْ أبي هريرةَ رضي الله عنه أن رسولَ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: «ما نَقَصَتْ صَدَقَةٌ من مالٍ، وما زادَ اللهُ عَبداً بِعَفْوٍ إلَّا عِزّاً، ومَا تَوَاضَعَ أَحَدٌ لله إلاّ رَفَعَهُ الله». رواه مسلم.
603/2 - Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Charity never diminishes wealth, and Allah does not increase the one who pardons others except in honor, and no one humbles himself seeking the pleasure of Allah except that Allah will raise him in rank.” [Narrated by Muslim]
1) الحث علىٰ العفو، لكنه عفو مقيّد بما يترتب عليه إصلاح؛ لقول الله تعالىٰ: {فَمَن عَفَا وَأَصلَحَ فَأَجرُهُۥ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ إِنَّهُۥ لَا يُحِبُّ ٱلظَّٰلِمِينَ}.
1) We are urged to pardon; yet, this is conditional upon the achievement of reconciliation. Allah Almighty says: {But whoever pardons and makes reconciliation - his reward is [due] from Allah. Indeed, He does not like wrongdoers.}
2) مَن تواضع لله رفعه الله _عز وجل_ في الدنيا والآخرة، فالجزاء من جنس العمل.
2) If a person shows humbleness for the sake of Allah, Allah will raise his rank in this world and in the Hereafter. Recompense for a deed is of the same nature of the deed.
3/604 ــ وعن أنس رضي الله عنه أنَّهُ مَرَّ عَلىٰ صِبيانٍ ، فَسَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِمْ ، وقال: كان النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم يَفْعَلُهُ. متفق عليه.
604/3 - Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) reportedly passed by some boys and greeted them. He said: The Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) used to do so. [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
1) استحباب السلام علىٰ الصغار؛ لتربيتهم علىٰ الآداب الشرعية، وتعويد النفوس علىٰ التواضع.
1) It is recommended to greet children, for this teaches them the Shariah etiquette and trains people to be humble.
2) حرص الصحابة رضي الله عنهم علىٰ متابعة الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم، وهذا حال كل مؤمن موفق، يبتغي في عمله الإخلاص لله والمتابعة للرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم.
2) The Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) were keen to follow the Prophet’s example. This is what every believer should do. In every deed he does, he should do it sincerely for the sake of Allah and in compliance with the Prophet’s example.
3) إن سلوك التواضع مع الصغار يشعر الصبيان بالرفعة والمنزلة العالية، وينمي في أنفسهم توقير الكبير واحترامه.
3) When we deal humbly with children, this gives them a sense of worth and instills into them respect and reverence towards the adults.
4/605 ــ وعنه قال: إنْ كانَتِ الأَمَةُ مِن إمَاءِ أَهْلِ المَدينَةِ لتَأْخُذُ بِيَدِ النَّبيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم، فَتَنْطَلِقُ بِهِ حَيْثُ شَاءتْ. رواه البخاري.
605/4 - He also reported: A slave-girl of Madīnah would take hold of the Prophet’s hand and take him wherever she wished. [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri]
الأَمة: الجارية الصغيرة.
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1) كمال تواضعه صلى الله عليه وسلم؛ بوقوفه مع الضعفاء وذوي الحاجة، وهو أشرف الخلق، عليه الصلاة والسلام.
1) It shows the Prophet’s remarkable modesty, as he used to stand with the weak and those who had needs to be fulfilled, though he is the noblest among all people.
2) إن من الهدي النَّبويِّ المرغب فيه بذل العون لكل محتاج، وقضاء حاجات الناس، قَرُب مكانها أو بَعُد.
2) Part of the Prophet’s guidance, which we are required to follow, is to help any person in need, whether he is near or far.
5/606 ــ وعن الأسوَدِ بن يَزيدَ قال: سُئِلَتْ عَائِشَةُ رضي الله عنها: ما كانَ النَّبيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم يَصنَعُ في بَيْتِهِ؟ قالت: كانَ يَكونُ في مِهْنَةِ أَهْلِهِ ـ يَعني: خِدمَةِ أَهلِهِ ـ فإذا حَضَرَتِ الصَّلاةُ، خَرَجَ إلىٰ الصلاةِ. رواه البخاري.
606/5 - Al-Aswad ibn Yazīd reported: ‘Ā’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) was asked: “What would the Prophet do at home?” She replied: “He would serve his family, and when the time of prayer came, he would go out to pray.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri]
1) كمال تواضعه صلى الله عليه وسلم وإحسانه بأهله، فمساعدة الأهل في مهنتهم فيه مصلحة منوعة، من دوام الألفة والمحبة، واتباع هدي النَّبيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم.
1) It shows the Prophet’s complete modesty and kindness towards his family. When a man helps his family with their chores, this serves a variety of purposes, like sustaining harmony and love, in addition to following the Prophet’s guidance.
2) الأعمال الدنيوية يجب ألا تلهي العبد عن الصلاة، فالواجبات الدينية مقدمة علىٰ الدنيوية.
2) Worldly activities should not distract a person from prayer. Religious duties take precedence over worldly ones.
3) العبودية التامّة هو أن يقوم العبد بكل طاعة في وقتها المخصوص.
3) A person with complete servitude to his Lord would do every act of worship at its prescribed time.
6/607 ــ وعن أبي رِفَاعَةَ تَميمِ بن أُسَيدٍ رضي الله عنه قال: انْتَهَيْتُ إلىٰ رسولِ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وهو يَخْطُبُ، فقلتُ: يا رسولَ الله، رجُلٌ غَرِيبٌ جاءَ يَسْأَلُ عن دِينِهِ، لا يَدرِي مَا دِينُهُ؟ فَأقْبَلَ عَليً رسولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، وتَرَكَ خُطْبَتَهُ حتىٰ انْتَهىٰ إليَّ، فَأُتِيَ بِكُرْسِيٍّ، فَقَعَدَ عَلَيهِ، وَجَعَلَ يُعَلِّمُني مِمَّا عَلَّمَه الله، ثم أَتَىٰ خُطْبَتَهُ، فَأَتَمَّ آخِرَهَا. رواه مسلم.
607/6 - Abu Rifā‘ah Tamīm ibn Usayd (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: “I went to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) while he was delivering a sermon, and I said: ‘O Messenger of Allah, a stranger (meaning himself) has come to inquire about his religion. He is quite ignorant about his religion.’ So the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) interrupted his sermon and came to me. A chair was brought for him and he sat on it and started teaching me of what Allah had taught him. Then, he resumed his sermon and completed it.” [Narrated by Muslim]
1) كمال تواضعه صلى الله عليه وسلم ورفقه بالمسلمين، وبيان حكمته، حيث كان في تعليمه تأليفاً للقلوب علىٰ الإسلام.
1) It shows the Prophet’s complete modesty and compassion towards Muslims and points out his wisdom, as his way of teaching attracts people’s hearts to Islam.
2) إن العناية بالمهم الذي قد يفوت وقته من الحكمة المطلوبة، وهذا من رعاية (وظيفة الوقت) ولذلك قدّر النَّبيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم المصلحة في قطع الخطبة، وتعليم الرجل.
2) We should pay attention to such important things that can be missed if they are not dealt with immediately. That is why the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) chose to interrupt the sermon and teach that man.
7/608 ــ وعن أنسٍ رضي الله عنه أنَّ رسولَ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم كان إذا أكَلَ طَعَاماً لَعِقَ أَصَابِعَهُ الثّلاثَ، قال: وقال: «إذَا سَقَطَتْ لُقْمَةُ أَحَدِكُمْ فَلْيُمِطْ عَنْها الأذىٰ، ولْيَأْكُلْها، وَلا يَدَعْها للشّيْطَانِ». وَأَمَرَ أَنْ تُسْلَتَ القَصعةُ، قالَ: «فَإنَّكُمْ لاَ تَدْرُونَ في أَيِّ طَعَامِكُمُ البَرَكَةُ». رواه مسلم.
608/7 - Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that whenever the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) ate food, he would lick his three fingers (thumb, index, and middle fingers); and he said: “If any one of you drops a morsel of food, he should remove anything filthy on it and eat it and not leave it for the devil.” And he commanded us to clean out the dish, saying: “You do not know in which portion of the food the blessing lies.” [Narrated by Muslim]
لعق أصابعه: لَحَسَهَا.
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فلْيُمِط: فلْيُزِل.
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تُسْلَت: أي تتبع ما علق فيها من طعام بأصابعك وتلعقها.
Clean out the dish: to take any food remaining in the dish with one’s fingers and lick the fingers.
القصعة: إناء يأكل منه الجماعة.
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1) حسن تعليم الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم؛ فكان إذا ذكر الحُكمَ ذكر الحِكْمة منه، وهذا يفيد فائدتين عظيمتين:
1) It shows the Prophet’s perfect way of teaching. When he mentioned a ruling, he would clarify the wisdom behind it, which serves two great purposes:
الأولىٰ: بيان سموّ الشريعة، فهي مبنية علىٰ جانب المصالح، ودفع المفاسد، فما من شيء أُمرنا به إلا والمصلحة في وجوده، وما من شيء نُهينا عنه إلا والمصلحة في عدمه.
First: It demonstrates the sublimity of this Shariah, which primarily relies on taking people’s interests into consideration and removing evils. All his commands and prohibitions certainly serve our interests.
الثانية: زيادة اطمئنان النفس، فإذا ذُكرت الحكمة ازداد العبد إيماناً ويقيناً، ونشِط علىٰ فعل المأمور، أو ترك المحظور.
Second: When a person learns about the wisdom behind a certain ruling, he grows more reassured and certain and feels activated to do what is commanded and avoid what is prohibited.
2) الشيطان قد يشارك العبد في طعامه وشرابه، إذا لم يحترز منه بالوسائل الشرعية.
2) The devil may share a person’s food and drink, unless he takes his precautions by the means prescribed in the Shariah.
3) إن المحافظة علىٰ الطعام الساقط فيه تعليمٌ علىٰ حفظ المال، مهما كان قليلاً.
3) Not wasting the food that falls on the ground teaches us to preserve wealth, no matter how little it is.
لعق الأصابع بعد الطعام فيه فائدتان:
Licking the fingers after eating achieves two benefits:
ــ شرعية : وهي الاقتداء بالنَّبيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم.
- A Shariah benefit, which is following the Prophet’s example.
ــ وصحية طبية: ذكرها بعض الأطباء، وهي: أن الأنامل تفرز عند مباشرة الأكل بها شيئاً يعين علىٰ هضم الطعام، والله أعلم.
- A health benefit: some doctors said that when the fingertips are used in eating, they release a substance that helps with digestion - and Allah knows best.
8/609 ــ وعن أبي هُريرةَ رضي الله عنه عن النَّبيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: «ما بَعَثَ اللهُ نبيّاً إلَّا رَعَىٰ الغَنَمَ»، قالَ أصحابُه: وَأَنْتَ؟ فقال: «نَعَمْ، كُنْتُ أَرْعَاهَا عَلىٰ قَرَارِيطَ لأَهْلِ مَكَّةَ». رواه البخاري.
609/8 - Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Allah did not send a prophet except that he tended sheep.” His Companions asked: “And did you?” He said: “Yes, I tended them for the Makkans in return for a wage.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri]
قراريط: جمع قيراط، وهو مقدار من المال.
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1) رعي الغنم فيه تربية علىٰ التواضع ونبذ الكبر.
1) Sheep herding trains one to be humble and shun arrogance.
2) علىٰ الذي يتصدر لتعليم الناس وتربيتهم، أن يتأسىٰ بأنبياء الله عليهم الصلاة والسلام في تواضعهم وحُسن أخلاقهم.
2) Those who play the role of teaching and educating people should follow the example of the prophets (peace be upon them) in their humbleness and noble manners.
9/610 ــ وعنهُ عن النَّبيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: «لَو دُعِيْتُ إلىٰ كُرَاعٍ أو ذِرَاعٍ لأَجَبْتُ، وَلَوْ أُهْدِيَ إليَّ ذِراعٌ أو كُراعٌ لَقَبلْتُ». رواه البخاري.
610/9 - He also reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “If I were invited to (a meal of) a sheep’s trotter or foreleg, I would accept the invitation; and if I were gifted a sheep’s foreleg or trotter, I would accept the gift.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri]
الكُراع: في البقر والغنم، مستدق الساق من الرِّجْل.
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الذِراع: من رؤوس الأصابع إلىٰ المرفق في اليد.
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1) الترغيب في إجابة الدعوة ولو إلىٰ شيءٍ يسير من الطعام، وقبول الهدية مهما قلّت، لما في ذلك من التواضعِ وإيجاد الألفة بين المسلمين.
1) We are encouraged to accept invitations, even if it were to little food, and to accept gifts, no matter how simple. This is part of modesty and it helps create intimacy between Muslims.
2) كمال تواضعه صلى الله عليه وسلم وجبره قلوبَ الناس، وخاصة الضعفة من القوم.
2) It shows the Prophet’s perfect modesty and how he would comfort people, especially the weak among them.
10/611 ــ وعن أنسٍ رضي الله عنه قال: كانَتْ نَاقَةُ رَسُولِ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم العَضْبَاءُ لاَ تُسْبَقُ، أَوْلا تكَادُ تُسْبَقُ، فَجَاءَ أعْرابِيٌّ عَلىٰ قَعُودٍ لَهُ، فَسَبَقَهَا، فَشَقَّ ذلِكَ عَلىٰ المُسْلِمِين حَتَّىٰ عَرَفَهُ، فَقَالَ: «حَقٌّ عَلىٰ الله أَلاَ يَرْتَفعَ شَيْءٌ مِنَ الدُّنْيَا إلَّا وَضَعَهُ». رواه البخاري.
611/10 - Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: “The Prophet’s camel, Al-‘Adbā’, would not be outstripped, or almost so. A Bedouin came riding his strong camel which outstripped it. Muslims were much grieved at this. The Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) perceived this and said: ‘It is Allah’s way that nothing rises in this world except that He lowers it.’” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri]
قَعود: هو الفَتِيُّ من الإبل الذي استحق أن يُركب عليه.
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1) بيان هوان الدنيا علىٰ الله، والترغيب في ترك المباهاة والمفاخرة، والحث علىٰ التواضع وطرح رداء التكبر.
1) It points out how insignificant this world is in the sight of Allah Almighty, and it encourages us to give up boastfulness, to act humbly, and to shed the garment of arrogance.
2) كل ارتفاع في الدنيا فإنه لا بد أن يؤول إلىٰ انخفاض.
2) Anything that rises in this world will ultimately go down.
3) ما ارتفع من أمور الآخرة فإن الله تعالىٰ لا يضعه {يَرفَعِ ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ مِنكُم وَٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُواْ ٱلعِلمَ دَرَجَٰت}.
3) Anything that rises of the matters related to the Hereafter will not be lowered by Allah Almighty. {Allah will raise in ranks those who believe among you and those who were given knowledge.}