قالَ الله تعالىٰ: {تِلكَ ٱلدَّارُ ٱلأٓخِرَةُ نَجعَلُهَا لِلَّذِينَ لَا يُرِيدُونَ عُلُوّا فِي ٱلأَرضِ وَلَا فَسَادا وَٱلعَٰقِبَةُ لِلمُتَّقِينَ} [القصص: 83] ، وقال تعالىٰ: {وَلَا تَمشِ فِي ٱلأَرضِ مَرَحًاۖ} [الإسراء: 37] ، وقال تعالىٰ: {وَلَا تُصَعِّر خَدَّكَ لِلنَّاسِ وَلَا تَمشِ فِي ٱلأَرضِ مَرَحًاۖ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ كُلَّ مُختَال فَخُور} [لقمان: 18].
Allah Almighty says: {That is the home of the Hereafter that We assign to those who do not desire exaltedness upon the earth or corruption. And the [best] outcome is for the righteous.} [Al-Qasas: 83] He also says: {And do not walk upon the earth exultantly} [Al-Isrā’: 37] And He says: {And do not turn your cheek [in contempt] toward people and do not walk through the earth exultantly. Indeed, Allah does not like every self-deluded and boastful.} [Luqmān: 18]
ومعنىٰ «تُصعِّرْ خَدَّكَ للنَّاسِ» أيْ: تَمِيلُه وتعْرِضُ بِهِ عَنِ النَّاسِ تكَبُّراً عَلَيْهِمْ. «والمَرَح»: التَّبَخْتُر. وقال تعالىٰ: {إِنَّ قَٰرُونَ كَانَ مِن قَومِ مُوسَىٰ فَبَغَىٰ عَلَيهِمۖ وَءَاتَينَٰهُ مِنَ ٱلكُنُوزِ مَآ إِنَّ مَفَاتِحَهُۥ لَتَنُوٓأُ بِٱلعُصبَةِ أُوْلِي ٱلقُوَّةِ إِذ قَالَ لَهُۥ قَومُهُۥ لَا تَفرَحۖ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ ٱلفَرِحِينَ} [القصص: 76] إلىٰ قوله تعالىٰ: {فَخَسَفنَا بِهِۦ وَبِدَارِهِ ٱلأَرضَ} الآيات.
-- -- And He says: {Indeed, Korah was from the people of Moses, but he tyrannized them. And We gave him of treasures whose keys would burden a band of strong men; thereupon his people said to him: “Do not exult. Indeed, Allah does not like the exultant.”} [Al-Qasas: 76] until the verse that says: {And We caused the earth to swallow him and his home.} [Al-Qasas: 81]
الكِبر نوعان: كِبر علىٰ الحق، وكِبر علىٰ الخلق، وقد بيّنهما النَّبيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم في قوله: «الكِبرِ بَطَرُ الحقّ، وغَمْطُ النّاس».
There are two types of arrogance: arrogance towards the truth, and arrogance towards people. The Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) pointed them out saying: “Arrogance is to reject the truth and despise people.”
والإعجاب: أن يرىٰ الإنسان عمل نفسه فيفخر به.
Self-conceit is a person’s self-admiration and self-pride.
1) الدار الآخرة قد اصطفاها الله للذين لا يريدون التعالي علىٰ الحق، ولا التعالي علىٰ الخلق.
1) Allah Almighty chose the abode of the Hereafter for those who do not want to be arrogant towards the truth or people.
2) إن الله تعالىٰ يحب المتواضع الخفيّ النقيّ، ولا يحب المختال في هيئته، والفخور بلسانه وحاله.
2) Allah Almighty loves those who are humble, inconspicous, and pure, and does not love those who are ostentatious and boastful by their words and conditions.
3) أعظم الفساد في الأرض إنما يكون بالمعاصي {وَلَا تُفسِدُواْ فِي ٱلأَرضِ بَعدَ إِصلَٰحِهَا}.
3) Causing the greatest corruption on earth is by committing sins. {And cause not corruption upon the earth after its reformation.}
1/612 ــ وعن عبدِ الله بن مسعُودٍ رضي الله عنه، عن النَّبيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: «لاَ يَدْخُل الجَنَّةَ مَنْ كَانَ في قَلْبهِ مِثْقَالُ ذَرَّةٍ مِنْ كِبْرٍ»، فقالَ رَجُلٌ: إنَّ الرَّجُلَ يُحبُّ أَنْ يَكُونَ ثَوْبُه حَسَناً، وَنَعْلُهُ حَسَنَةً، قال: «إنَّ اللهَ جَمِيلٌ يُحبُّ الجَمالَ، الكِبْرُ بَطَرُ الحَقِّ وَغَمْطُ النَّاسِ». رواه مسلم.
612/1 - ‘Abdullāh ibn Mas‘ūd (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Whoever has in his heart an atom’s weight of arrogance will not enter Paradise.” A man said: “A man loves that his clothes be fine and his shoes be fine.” Thereupon, he said: “Indeed, Allah is beautiful and He loves beauty. Arrogance is to reject the truth and despise people.” [Narrated by Muslim]
بَطَرُ الحَقِّ: دَفْعُهُ ورَدُّهُ علىٰ قائِلِهِ، وغَمْطُ النَّاسِ: احْتِقَارُهُمْ.
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1) هذا من أحاديث الوعيد، فالمتكبر لا يدخل الجنّة:
1) This is one of the Hadīths that contain a threat and warning. An arrogant person will not enter Paradise.
إما أن يكون كِبراً عن الحق وكراهة له، فهذا عمل مكفر، وصاحبه مخلَّد في النار ولا يدخل الجنّة، لقوله تعالىٰ: {ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُم كَرِهُواْ مَآ أَنزَلَ ٱللَّهُ فَأَحبَطَ أَعمَٰلَهُم}.
This is either arrogance towards the truth, by rejecting it and hating it, which is an act that renders its doer a disbeliever who will abide in Hellfire forever and will not enter Paradise. Allah Almighty says: {That is because they disliked what Allah revealed, so He rendered their deeds worthless.}
أو أن يكون كِبراً علىٰ الخلق، ولكنه لا يستكبر عن عبادة الله، فهذا لا يدخل الجنّة دخولاً أولياً، بل أمره إلىٰ الله تعالىٰ، إن شاء عذبه، وإن شاء عفا عنه.
Or it is arrogance towards people, but it does not involve arrogance towards the worship of Allah. Such a person will not initially enter Paradise. His matter is left to be decided by Allah Almighty; He may punish him if He so wills, and He may pardon him if He so wills.
2) أمارة التواضع خضوع العبد للحق، والانقياد له، والدخول تحت طاعته، لأن من أوضح علامات الكبر دفع الحق إنكاراً، وترفّعاً، وتجبّراً.
2) The sign of a person’s humbleness is that he submits to the truth and follows it. On the other hand, one of the clearest signs of arrogance is to deny the truth out of disdain and haughtiness.
2/613 ــ وعنْ سلمةَ بنِ الأكْوعِ رضي الله عنه أنَّ رَجُلاً أَكَلَ عِنْدَ رسولِ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم بِشِمَالِهِ، فقالَ: «كُلْ بِيَمِينِكَ»، قالَ: لا أَسْتَطِيعُ، قال: «لا اسْتَطَعْتَ» مَا مَنَعَهُ إلاّ الكِبْرُ. قال: فمَا رَفَعَهَا إلىٰ فيهِ. رواهُ مسلم.
613/2 - Salamah ibn al-Akwa‘ (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that a man ate with his left hand in the presence of the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him), so he said to him: “Eat with your right hand.” The man said: “I cannot do that.” Thereupon, he (the Prophet) said: “May you not be able to do that.” It was only arrogance that prevented the man from doing it, and consequently he could not raise it (his right hand) up to his mouth afterwards. [Narrated by Muslim]
لا استطعت: دعاء عليه بأن الله تعالىٰ يصيبه بأمر لا يستطيع معه رفع يده إلىٰ فمه، لأن التكبر منعه من امتثال أمر رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم.
May you not be able to do that: This is a supplication against the man, invoking Allah to make him unable to raise his hand up to his mouth again, as arrogance prevented him from complying with the Prophet’s command.
1) وجوب الأكل والشرب باليمين، ومن أكل أو شرب بشماله عامداً فإنه يكون بذلك قد شابه الشيطان وأولياءه.
1) It is obligatory to eat and drink with the right hand. If a person intentionally eats or drinks with his left hand, he thus resembles the devil and his allies.
2) وجوب إنكار المنكر.
2) It is a duty to criticize what is wrong.
3) إظهار عقوبة من يتعمّد مخالفة السنّة النبوية، ويترك العمل بها تكبّراً.
3) It presents the punishment for he who intentionally contradicts and abandons the Prophet’s Sunnah out of arrogance.
3/614ــ وعنْ حَارِثَةَ بنِ وهْبٍ رضي الله عنه قال: سَمِعْتُ رسُولَ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقولُ: «أَلا أخْبِرُكُم بِأَهْلِ النَّارِ؟ كُلُّ عُتُلٍّ جَوَّاظٍ مُسْتَكْبِرٍ». متفقٌ عليه. وتقَدَّمَ شرحُه في بابِ ضَعفَةِ المسلمين.
614/3 - Hārithah ibn Wahb (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: I heard the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) say: “Shall I inform you about the people of Hellfire? They are every cruel, violent, arrogant person.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim] It has previously been explained in the chapter on weak Muslims.
4/615ــ وعن أبي سعيدٍ الخُدريِّ رضي الله عنه، عَنِ النَّبيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: «احْتَجَّتِ الجنَّةُ والنَّارُ، فقالتِ النَّارُ: فيَّ الجَبَّارُونَ وَالمُتكَبِّرُونَ، وقالَتِ الجنَّةُ: فيَّ ضُعَفَاءُ النَّاسِ ومَسَاكِينُهُمْ. فَقَضَىٰ الله بَيْنَهُمَا: إنَّكِ الجَنَّةُ رَحْمَتِي، أَرْحَمُ بِكِ مَنْ أَشَاءُ، وَإنَّكِ النَّارُ عَذَابي، أُعَذِّبُ بِكِ مَنْ أَشَاءُ، وَلِكِلَيكُما عَليَّ مِلْؤُهَا». رواه مسلم.
615/4 - Abu Sa‘īd al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Paradise and Hell debated. Hell said: ‘The tyrants and the arrogant are going to be in me.’ Paradise said: ‘The weak and the poor are going to be in me.’ So, Allah judged between them and said to Paradise: ‘You are My mercy. I show mercy through you to whom I will.’ And He said to Hell: ‘You are My punishment. I punish through you whom I will. And I guarantee to fill both of you.’” [Narrated by Muslim]
العُتُلّ: الشديد الغليظ، ومنه العَتَلة التي تُحفر بها الأرض، فإنها شديدةٌ غليظة.
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الجَوَّاظ: سيئ الخُلُق جداً.
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المستكبر: الذي عنده كِبر وغطرسة.
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1) أهل الجنّة هم الضعفاء المساكين المتواضعون.
1) The dwellers of Paradise are the weak, poor, and modest people.
2) وجوب مجانبة صفات أهل النار.
2) We are required to shun the attributes of the people of Hellfire.
3) الجزاء من جنس العمل؛ فمن تواضع لله أسكنه رحمته، ومن تكبّر وتجبّر توعده عذابه.
3) Recompense for a deed is of the same nature of the deed. So, if a person shows modesty for the sake of Allah, He will cover him with His mercy; and if a person acts arrogantly and unjustly, He will subject him to His punishment.
5/616ــ وعن أبي هُريرة رضي الله عنه أنَّ رسولَ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: «لا يَنْظُرُ الله يَوْمَ القِيَامَةِ إلىٰ مَنْ جَرَّ إزارَهُ بَطَراً». متفقٌ عليه.
616/5 - Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “On the Day of Judgment, Allah will not look at one who drags his Izār (lower garment) out of arrogance.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
إزاره: هو ما يستر به النصف الأسفل من البدن.
Izār: what is worn to cover the lower half of the body.
بَطَراً: كِبراً.
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1) من جرّ ثوبه كِبراً استحق وعيد الله تعالىٰ بألا ينظر إليه يوم القيامة.
1) Whoever drags his garment out of arrogance is subject to the threat of Allah Almighty not to look at him on the Day of Judgment.
2) السنّة في حد طول اللباس: (الإزار أو القميص وهو المعروف بالجلَّابية) من منتصف الساق إلىٰ الكعب، لأن هذا الحد صفة لباس النَّبيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم، وأصحابه رضي الله عنهم، وهو دالٌ على تواضع لابسه.
2) The Sunnah regarding the length of clothing is that the garment should reach down anywhere between the middle of the shank and the ankle. This is the form of the clothing worn by the Prophet and his Companions, and it is a sign of modesty.
6/617 ــ وعنه قال: قالَ رسُولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: «ثَلاَثَةٌ لاَ يُكَلِّمُهُمُ الله يَوْمَ القِيَامَةِ، وَلا يُزَكِّيهِمْ، وَلا يَنْظُرُ إلَيْهِمْ، ولَهُمْ عَذابٌ أَلِيمٌ: شَيْخٌ زانٍ، وَمَلِكٌ كَذَّابٌ، وَعَائِلٌ مُستكْبِرٌ». رواه مسلم.
617/6 - He also reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “On the Day of Resurrection, there will be three categories of people whom Allah will not speak to, will not purify, and will not look at, and they will receive a painful punishment. These are: an elderly man who commits adultery, a king who lies, and a destitute person who is arrogant.” [Narrated by Muslim]
« العَائِلُ»: الفَقِير.
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ثلاثة: يعني ثلاثة أصناف، وليس المراد ثلاثة نفر، وهكذا حيث جاءت كلمة ثلاثة أو سبعة وما أشبه ذلك.
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1) إثبات صفة الكلام لله تعالىٰ.
1) Proof of the attribute of speech for Allah Almighty.
2) الزنىٰ والكذب والكِبر من الذنوب الكبيرة، والموبقات العظيمة، وهي محرّمة مطلقاً، لكن وقوعها من هذه الأصناف أعظم وأشد.
2) Adultery, lying, and arrogance are major and destructive sins, and they are strictly prohibited; but when they are done by these types of people, they become worse and more serious.
إذا وقعت المعصية ممن انتفت عنه دواعيها كانت أكبر وأعظم، فالشيخ ليس كالشاب؛ فقد برُدت شهوته، فيُستقبح منه الزنا، والملك لا يحتاج إلىٰ أن يكذب، فكلمته هي المسموعة بين الناس، والفقير المستكبر علىٰ الناس ليس عنده ما يوجب الكِبر، لأن الفقر يوجب للإنسان أن يتواضع، فلأي شيءٍ يستكبر؟!.
A sin becomes graver and more serious when it is committed by a person who has no strong motive for it. An old man is not like a young one. An old man’s lust has abated, and so it is more reprehensible for him to commit adultery. Likewise, a king does not need to lie, for he is most influential among people. And a poor person who is arrogant does not possess anything to justify his arrogance. Poverty should prompt a person to be humble. What reason does he have to act arrogantly?
7/618 ــ وعنه قال: قَالَ رسولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: «قال الله _عز وجل_: العِزُّ إزَارِي، والكِبْرِيَاءُ رِدَائي، فَمَن يُنازِعُني عَذَّبْتُه». رواه مسلم.
618/7 - He also reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Allah Almighty said: ‘Glory is My garment and pride is My cloak. So whoever contends with Me (over them), I will punish him.” [Narrated by Muslim]
1) من صفات الله سبحانه العزّة والكبرياء.
1) Glory and pride are two attributes of Allah Almighty.
2) من نازع الله في صفة من صفاته عذَّبه علىٰ ما صنع؛ لأنه نازع ربّه فيما يختصّ به.
2) If a person contends with Allah over any of His attributes, He will punish him for that.
3) الكِبر تجرّؤٌ علىٰ مقام الله، ومن عرف عظمة الله؛ فقبيح أن يتعالىٰ، ومن عرف ضعف نفسه؛ فقبيح أن يتمادىٰ.
3) By arrogance, a person is acting daringly towards Allah Almighty. It is reprehensible for a person who knows the greatness of his Lord to act arrogantly and for he who recognizes his weakness to persist in doing so.
8/619 ــ وعَنْه أنَّ رسولَ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: «بَيْنَمَا رَجُلٌ يَمْشي في حُلَّةٍ تُعْجِبُهُ نَفْسُهُ، مُرَجِّلٌ رَأْسَهُ، يَخْتَال في مِشْيَتِهِ، إذْ خَسَفَ اللهُ بِهِ، فهو يَتَجَلْجَلُ في الأرْضِ إلىٰ يَوْمِ القِيَامَةِ». متفق عليه.
619/8 - He also reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “While a man was walking, dressed in a two-piece garment admiring himself, his hair groomed, and walking haughtily, Allah made him sink into the earth, and he will continue to sink into it until the Day of Resurrection.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
«مُرَجِّلٌ رَأْسَهُ»، أي: مُمَشِّطُهُ. «يَتَجَلْجَلُ» بالجيمَيْن، أيْ: يَغُوصُ وَيَنْزِلُ.
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حُلّة: إزار ورداء.
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1) تحريم الكِبر وتحريم الإعجاب. فالواجب علىٰ العبد أن يعرف قدر نفسه، وينزلها منزلتها.
1) Arrogance and self-conceit are prohibited. A person should realize the level of his own significance and treat himself accordingly.
2) المبالغة في اللبس والتأنُّق، إذا اقترن مع الفخر والخيلاء، يُدخل في نفس العبد الاختيال والعجب، ويعرّضه لسخط الله تعالىٰ.
2) Over-indulgence in wearing elegant fancy clothes, along with boastfulness and pomp, makes a person self-conceited and subject to Allah’s wrath.
9/620 ــ وعن سَلَمَةَ بنِ الأكْوَعِ رضي الله عنه قال: قال رسولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: «لاَ يَزَالُ الرَّجُلُ يَذْهَبُ بِنَفْسِهِ حَتَّىٰ يُكْتَبَ في الجّبَّارِينَ، فَيُصِيبَهُ مَا أَصَابَهُمْ». رواهُ الترمذي وقالَ: حديث حسن[6].
620/9 - Salamah ibn al-Akwa‘ (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “A man will continue to exalt himself (act arrogantly) until he is recorded among the tyrants, facing what they faced.” [Narrated by Al-Tirmidhi; he classified it as Hasan (sound)] [6]
«يَذْهَبُ بِنَفْسِهِ» أي: يَرْتَفعُ ويَتكَبَّرُ.
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1) من تشبّه بقوم حُشر معهم. قال تعالى: {ٱحشُرُواْ ٱلَّذِينَ ظَلَمُواْ وَأَزوَٰجَهُم} أي: قرناءهم وأشباههم.
1) Whoever imitates a people will be gathered with them on the Day of Resurrection. Allah Almighty says: {Gather those who committed wrong and their kinds}. i.e., their associates and their likes.
2) علىٰ العبد الناصح لنفسه أن يقطع مداخل الكبر عن قلبه، حتىٰ لا يسترسل مع التَّكبُّر.
2) A person who gives himself good advice should block the means to arrogance in his heart, lest he gradually becomes arrogant.