قالَ الله تعالىٰ: {وَإِنَّكَ لَعَلَىٰ خُلُقٍ عَظِيم} [القلم: 4] ، وقال تعالىٰ: {وَٱلكَٰظِمِينَ ٱلغَيظَ وَٱلعَافِينَ عَنِ ٱلنَّاسِۗ} الآية [آل عمران: 134].
Allah Almighty says: {And indeed you are of a great moral character.} [Al-Qalam: 4] He also says: {And those who restrain anger and pardon the people. And Allah loves the doers of good.} [Āl-‘Imrān: 134]
حُسن الخُلق: يكون مع الله، و مع عباد الله.
Good manners are to be shown towards Allah Almighty and towards His servants.
ــ أمّا حسن الخلق مع الله: فهو الرضا بحكمه شرعاً وقدراً، وتلقي ذلك بالانشراح وعدم الحرج.
- As for good manners towards Allah, these comprise contentment with His predestined decrees and receiving them with a comforted heart without feelings of inconvenience.
ــ وأمّا حسن الخُلق مع الخَلْق: فمداره علىٰ أمرين: كفّ الأذىٰ، وبذل الندىٰ. ويكون كفّ الأذىٰ بألا يؤذي الناس بلسانه أو جوارحه، وأما بذل الندىٰ فمعناه: العطاء من مال، وعلم، وجاه، وطلاقة وجه، ونحو ذلك.
- As for good manners towards people, these include two things: refraining from harming them and giving them of one’s bounty. Refraining from harming them is by not harming them with words or actions; and giving them is by spending from one’s money, knowledge, good treatment, a cheerful face, and the like.
1) الثناء علىٰ النَّبيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم بأنْ كان خلقه القرآن؛ يتأدب بآدابه، ويمتثل أوامره، ويجتنب نواهيه، ولذلك وصف الله حال نبيِّه {وَإِنَّكَ لَعَلَىٰ خُلُقٍ عَظِيم}.
1) The Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) was praised as possessing the character of the Qur’an, assuming its manners and observing its commands and prohibitions. Hence, Allah Almighty describes him saying: {And indeed you are of a great moral character.}
2) إن كظم الغيظ والعفو عن الناس من صفات المحسنين في أخلاقهم.
2) Restraining one’s anger and forgiving people are traits of the good-doers.
1/621 ــ وعن أنسٍ رضي الله عنه قالَ: كانَ رسُولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم أَحْسَنَ النَّاسِ خُلُقاً. متفقٌ عليه.
621/1 - Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: “The Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) was the best of people in terms of manners.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
1) ما من خُلق حسن كامل إلا ورسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم علىٰ وجهه الأمثل والأفضل.
1) There is no good and noble manner except that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) was the best example of it.
2) إن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم هو الأسوة الحسنة، فعلىٰ أهل الإيمان التأسي به في حسن خلقه.
2) The Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) is our role model. So, the believers should imitate his manners and character.
2/622 ــ وعنه قال: «مَا مسَسْتُ ديباجاً وَلا حَرِيراً أَلينَ مِنْ كفِّ رَسولِ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، وَلاَ شَمَمْتُ رائحةً قَطُّ أَطْيَبَ مِنْ رَائحَةِ رَسُولِ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، وَلَقَدْ خَدَمْتُ رَسُولَ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم عَشْرَ سِنِينَ، فَما قالَ لي قَطُّ: أُفّ، وَلا قالَ لِشَيْءٍ فَعَلْتُهُ: لِمَ فَعَلْتَهُ؟ وَلاَ لِشَيْءٍ لَمْ أَفْعَلْهُ: ألا فعلت كَذا؟.». متفق عليه.
622/2 - Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: “I have never touched plain or woven silk softer than the palm of the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him); nor have I smelt a perfume more pleasant than the scent of the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him). Verily, I have served the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) for ten years, and not once did he express his discontent with me, nor did he say about something I had done, ‘Why did you do it?’ nor about something I hadn’t done, ‘Why didn’t you do it?’” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
1) ألان الله يد نبيِّه صلى الله عليه وسلم وألان قلبه، لقوله تعالىٰ: {فَبِمَا رَحمَة مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ لِنتَ لَهُمۖ}.
1) Allah Almighty softened his Prophet’s hand and heart. He says: {So because (of) mercy from Allah you dealt gently with them}
2) كمال خلق النَّبيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم مع خادمه ومن يخالطهم بكثرة، وهذا هو شأن المؤمن الموفَّق.
2) It points out the Prophet’s refined manners in dealing with his servant and those whom he would often associate with. This is the attitude befitting a true believer.
3) تحرّي أنس رضي الله عنه موافقة مراد رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، فقد خدمه عشر سنين، فلم يعترض عليه، ولو فعل أنس رضي الله عنه ما يوجب التأديب لَـمَـا أخّر ذلك رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم.
3) Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) was keen to know and comply with the Prophet’s intent, as he served him for ten years, during which the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) did not express disapproval of his attitude. Had Anas done what deserved discipline, the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) would surely have disciplined him.
يستفاد من هذا الحديث ترك العقاب علىٰ ما فات، لأن هذا يورث الشقاق والبغضاء، ولا يصلح ما فسد، وفي ذلك تنزيه اللسان عن الزجر والذم. ولأنه يحصل معه جبران خاطرِ الخادمِ بترك معاتبته، كل ذلك يكون في الأمور الدنيوية.
One of the lessons we can take from this Hadīth is that we need to refrain from inflicting a punishment for something that has passed, for this creates dissension and rancor and will not set right what has gone wrong. We should not tend to reproach and censure others, thus leaving them with feelings of unease. All this applies when it comes to worldly matters.
وأما الأمور الدينية فلا يُتسامح فيها، لأنها من باب الأمر بالمعروف والنهي عن المنكر، وهي حق الشرع، وليست حقاً شخصياً.
As regards religious matters, however, we should not overlook wrongdoing, and this falls under commanding what is right and forbidding what is wrong. This is a Shariah right, not a personal one.
3/623 ــ وعن الصَّعب بن جَثَّامَةَ رضي الله عنه قال: أَهْدَيْتُ رسُولَ صلى الله عليه وسلم حِمَاراً وَحْشِيّاً، فَرَدَّهُ عَليَّ، فلمَّا رأىٰ مَا في وَجْهىٰ قالَ: «إنَّا لَمْ نَرُدَّهُ عَلَيْكَ إلَّا أَنّا حُرُمٌ». متفق عليه.
623/3 - Al-Sa‘b ibn Jaththāmah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: “I presented a wild donkey to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) as a gift, but he returned it to me. When he perceived signs of despair on my face, he said: ‘We have only returned it because we are in the state of Ihrām (ritual consecration).’” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
حُرُم: مُحرِمون بالنسك (الحج أو العمرة).
--
1) حسن خُلق النَّبيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم مع أصحابه رضي الله عنهم في تطييب قلوبهم.
1) It shows the Prophet’s good manners towards his Companions in the way he would comfort their hearts.
2) علىٰ الإنسان أن يجبر خاطر أخيه إذا فعل معه ما لا يحب، ويبيّن له السبب، لتطيبَ نفسه، ويطمئن قلبه.
2) A person should comfort his brother’s heart if he did something unpleasant to him by explaining to him why he did it so.
4/624 ــ وعن النَّواسِ بنِ سمعانَ رضي الله عنه قال: سألتُ رسُولَ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم عن البِرِّ والإثمِ، فقالَ: «البِرُّ: حُسْنُ الخُلُقِ، والإثْمُ: مَا حَاكَ في نَفْسِكَ، وَكَرِهْتَ أَنْ يَطَّلعَ عَلَيْهِ النَّاسُ». رواه مسلم.
624/4 - Al-Nawwās ibn Sam‘ān (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: “I asked the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) about piety and sin, and he said: ‘Piety is good manners, and sin is what creates doubt within you and you do not like people to know about it.’” [Narrated by Muslim]
1) البِرُّ كلّه في حسن الخلق مع الله تعالىٰ، ومع عباد الله.
1) All piety lies in good manners towards Allah Almighty and towards people.
2) كلّ ما أوقع الريب في القلب فهو من الإثم الواجب الابتعاد عنه.
2) Anything that stirs doubts within a person’s heart is a sin that should be avoided.
5/625 ــ وعن عبد الله بن عمرو بن العاص رضي الله عنهم قال: لم يكن رسولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فَاحِشاً ولا مُـتَفَحِّشاً، وكان يَقُولُ: «إنَّ مِنْ خِيارِكُم أَحْسَنَكُمْ أَخْلاقاً». متفقٌ عليه.
625/5 - ‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Amr ibn al-‘Ās (may Allah be pleased with him and his father) reported: “The Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) was neither obscene nor vulgar, and he used to say: ‘Verily, among the best of you are those who have the best manners.’” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
فاحشاً: ناطقاً بالفحش، وهو الكلام السيئ.
--
مُتفحِّشاً: المتطبّعٌ بالفحشاء، المتكلّف والمبالغ للفحش.
--
1) بيان صفة الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم، فقد كان أبعد الناس عن الفُحش في مقاله وفِعاله صلى الله عليه وسلم. فعلىٰ المؤمن أن يقتدي برسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم في ذلك.
1) It shows the Prophet’s good character. He was the farthest of people from obscenity in his words and deeds. So, a Muslim should follow his example in this regard.
2) الحث علىٰ حسن الخلق، فحُسن الخلق عليه مدار الدِّين وهو ميدان التنافس بين المؤمنين، فمن سبق إليه كان من خيار المؤمنين وأكملهم إيماناً.
2) It urges us to assume good manners, which are the core of this religion and the area of competition between the believers. Whoever outruns others in this field is among the best and most complete in terms of faith.
6/626 ــ وعن أبي الدرداء رضي الله عنه: أنَّ النَّبيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قالَ: «ما من شَيءٍ أَثْقَلُ في ميزَانِ المُؤمِنِ يَومَ القِيَامَةِ من حُسْنِ الخُلُقِ، وإنَّ الله يُبْغِضُ الفَاحِشَ البَذِيَّ». رواه الترمذي وقال: حديث حسن صحيح.
626/6 - Abu al-Dardā’ (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Nothing is heavier on the believer’s scale on the Day of Judgment than good manners. Indeed, Allah Almighty dislikes the shameless obscene person.” [Narrated by Al-Tirmidhi; he classified it as Hasan Sahīh (sound and authentic)]
«البَذِيُّ»: هو الَذي يَتكَلَّم بالفُحْشِ، وردِيءِ الكلامِ.
--
1) إن حسن الخلق من أعظم الأعمال الصالحة، التي يجدها العبد في صحيفته يوم القيامة، ويراها في ميزان حسناته.
1) Good manners are among the greatest acts of piety which the believer will find on his scale and records of deeds on the Day of Judgment.
2) علىٰ المؤمن الابتعاد عما يبغضه الله ويكرهه، ومن ذلك الفحش وبذاءة اللسان.
2) The believer should keep away from anything displeasing to his Lord, including obscenity and shamelessness.
7/627 ــ وعن أبي هُريرة رضي الله عنه قال: سُئِلَ رسُولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم عَنْ أَكْثرِ مَا يُدْخِلُ النَّاسَ الجَنَّةَ؟ قال: «تَقْوىٰ الله وَحُسْنُ الخُلُقِ». وَسُئِلَ عَن أَكثرِ مَا يُدْخِلُ النَّاسَ النَّارَ؟ فَقَالَ: «الْفَمُ وَالفَرْجُ». رواه الترمذي وقال: حديث حسن صحيح.
627/7 - Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: “The Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) was asked about the foremost things that lead people to Paradise, and he replied: ‘Piety and good manners.’ Then, he was asked about the foremost things that lead people into Hellfire, and he said: ‘The tongue and the private parts.’” [Narrated by Al-Tirmidhi; he classified it as Hasan Sahīh (sound and authentic)]
1) الحضّ علىٰ تقوىٰ الله تعالىٰ، والتقوىٰ: كلمة جامعة لفعل ما أمر الله به، وترك ما نهىٰ الله عنه.
1) It urges us to be pious; and piety is a universal term that comprises doing everything that Allah commanded and refraining from everything that He prohibited.
2) إن حسن الخلق مع التقوىٰ مفتاحُ دخولِ الجنّة.
2) Good manners, along with piety, are the key to entering Paradise.
8/628ــ وعنه قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: «أَكْمَلُ المُؤْمِنِينَ إيْمَاناً أَحْسَنُهُم خُلُقاً، وَخِيَارُكُمْ خِيَارُكُمْ لِنِسَائِهِمْ». رواه الترمذي وقال: حديث حسن صحيح.
628/8 - He also reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “The most perfect of the believers in terms of faith is the one who has the most excellent manners, and the best of you are those who are best to their wives.” [Narrated by Al-Tirmidhi; he classified it as Hasan Sahīh (sound and authentic)]
1) الإيمان شعب، والناس يتفاوتون فيه، والموفّق مِن المؤمنين مَن سعىٰ في زيادة إيمانه.
1) Faith consists of branches, in which people are of varying degrees. The fortunate believer is the one who seeks to increase his faith.
2) علىٰ العبد أن يكون مع أهله خير صاحب، وخير محبّ، وخير مربّي، لأن الأهل أحق بحُسن خلقك من غيرهم، فابدأ بالأقرب فالأقرب.
2) A person should be most kind and loving to his family and should be the best companion and educator for them. Indeed, a person’s family are the most entitled to his good manners than others. So, begin with the nearest then the second nearest.
9/629ــ وعن عائشةَ رضي الله عنها قالت: سمعتُ رسولَ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول: «إنَّ المُؤْمِنَ لَيُدْرِكُ بِحُسْنِ خُلُقِهِ دَرَجَةَ الصَّائِمِ القَائِمِ». رواه أبو داود.
629/9 - ‘Ā’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported: I heard the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) say: “Verily, a believer attains by his good manners the rank of one who fasts and prays abundantly.” [Narrated by Abu Dāwūd]
1) إن من أجل الدرجات: الصائم بالنهار القائم بالليل، فكيف يُغفَل عن عبادة تعدل ذلك؟!
1) Among the highest ranks is fasting during daytime and praying during the night. So, how could we be heedless of an act of worship that is equal to that?!
2) حسن الخلق يضاعف الثواب والأجر، حتىٰ يبلغ العبد به درجة الصائم الذي لا يفطر، والقائم الذي لا يفتر.
2) Good manners are a reason for multiplying rewards, so much so that a well-mannered person can reach the rank of someone who observes fast without missing a day and someone who performs voluntary night prayer without missing a night.
10/630ــ وعن أبي أُمَامَةَ الباهليِّ رضي الله عنه قال: قالَ رسولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: «أَنا زَعِيمٌ بِبَيْتٍ في رَبَضِ الجَنَّةِ لِمَنْ تَرَكَ المِرَاءَ، وَإن كَانَ مُحِقاً، وَبِبَيْتٍ في وَسَطِ الجَنَّةِ لِمَن تَرَكَ الكَذِبَ، وَإن كانَ مازِحاً، وَبِبَيتٍ في أَعْلىٰ الجَنَّةِ لِمَن حَسُنَ خُلُقُهُ». حديث صحيح، رواه أبو داود بإسناد صحيح.
630/10 - Abu Umāmah al-Bāhili (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “I guarantee a house on the outskirts of Paradise for the one who refrains from arguing even if he is right, and a house in the middle of Paradise for the one who refrains from lying even if he is joking, and a house in the highest part of Paradise for the one who has perfect manners.” [Narrated by Abu Dawūd, with an authentic Isnād]
«الزعِيمُ»: الضامِنُ.
--
رَبَض الجنّة: أدناها، وربض المدينة ما حولها.
--
المِراء: المجادلة والمنازعة في القول والعمل.
--
1) الترغيب في ترك الجدال، لأنه يُفضي إلىٰ الاختلاف والشقاق.
1) It encourages us to refrain from argument, for it leads to discord and dissension.
2) حرمة الكذب بكل أشكاله، ولو كان في المزاح واللهو، وفي هذا إبطال لمن يقول: (هذا كذب أبيض).
2) Lying in all its forms is prohibited, including during fun and jesting. This refutes the view that says there are white lies.
3) أعلىٰ مراتب الأجر عند الله لمن حسُن خلقه؛ لأن حسن الخلق جامعٌ للفضائل كلّها.
3) The highest ranks in the sight of Allah are attained by those who have good manners, for this attribute combines all virtues.
6/631 ــ وعن جابر رضي الله عنه أنَّ رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: «إنَّ مِنْ أَحَبَكُم إليَّ، وَأَقْرَبِكُم مِنِّي مَجْلِساً يَوْمَ القِيَامَةِ، أَحَاسِنكُم أَخلاقاً. وإنَّ أَبْغَضَكُم إليَّ، وَأَبْعَدَكُمْ مِنِّي يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ، الثَّرْثَارُونَ وَالمُتَشَدِّقُونَ وَالمُتَفَيْهِقُونَ» قالوا: يا رسولَ الله قَدْ عَلِمْنَا الثَّرْثَارُونَ وَالمُتَشَدِّقُونَ فَمَا المُتَفَيْهِقُونَ؟ قال: «المُتكَبِّرُونَ». رواه الترمذي وقال: حديث حسن.
631/6 - Jābir (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Indeed, among the most beloved and nearest of you to me on the Day of Judgment are those of you who have the best manners, and, indeed, the most hated of you to me and farthest from me on the Day of Judgment are the talkative, the pompous, and the Mutafayhiqūn.” They asked: “O Messenger of Allah, we know the talkative and the pompous, but we do not know who the Mutafayhiqūn are.” He replied: “The arrogant.” [Narrated by Al-Tirmidhi; and he classified it as Hasan (sound)]
«الثَّرْثَارُ»: هُوَ كَثِيرُ الكَلامِ تَكلُّفاً. «وَالمُتَشَدِّقُ»: الْمُتَطَاوِلُ عَلىٰ النَّاسِ بِكَلاَمِهِ، وَيَتكَلَّمُ بِمَلءِ فيه تَفَاصُحاً وَتَعْظِيماً لِكَلامِهِ. «وَالمتَفَيْهِقُ»: أَصْلُهُ مِنَ الفَهْقِ، وَهُوَ الامْتِلاءُ، وَهُوَ الَّذي يَمْلأ فَمَهُ بِالْكَلاَمِ، وَيَتَوَسَّعُ فيه، وَيُغْرِبُ بِهِ تَكبُّراً وَارتِفَاعاً، وَإظْهَاراً للفَضِيلَةِ عَلىٰ غَيْرِهِ.
-- -- --
وروىٰ التِّرمذيُّ عن عبدِ الله بن المباركِ ــ رحِمه الله تعالىٰ ــ في تَفْسِيرِ حُسْنِ الخُلُقِ قال: هُوَ طَلاقَةُ الوَجه، وبَذْلُ المَعرُوف، وكَفُّ الأَذَىٰ.
Defining good manners, ‘Abdullāh ibn al-Mubārak (may Allah have mercy upon him) said: “It is to put on a cheerful face, show kindness to others, and cause no harm.”
1) إن حسن خلق المسلم من أسباب محبة رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم له، والقرب منه، يوم القيامة.
1) The good manners of a Muslim are among the reasons for him to win the Prophet’s love and being close to him on the Day of Judgment.
2) التحذير من كثرة الكلام بإظهار الدعاوىٰ، والتفاخر. والتحذير من التوسع في الكلام لإظهار البلاغة والفصاحة، فهذه الصفات يبغضها النَّبيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم، ويبغض أصحابها، وهي سبب لبعد أهلها عنه يوم القيامة.
2) It warns us against talking too much for the purpose of boastfulness or to show our eloquence. These are traits disliked by the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him), along with the people who have them. They cause them to be away from him on the Day of Judgment.
3) شفقة النَّبيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم علىٰ أمته؛ فقد بيّن لنا ما يحبه لنفعله، وما يبغضه لنحذره.
3) It shows the Prophet’s compassion towards his Ummah, as he clarified to us what he liked so that we can do it and what he disliked so that we should avoid it.