قال الله تعالىٰ: {ٱدعُ إِلَىٰ سَبِيلِ رَبِّكَ بِٱلحِكمَةِ وَٱلمَوعِظَةِ ٱلحَسَنَةِ} [النحل: 125].
Allah Almighty says: {Invite to the way of your Lord with wisdom and good instruction} [Al-Nahl: 125]
الوعظ: هو ذكر الأحكام الشرعية مقرونة بالترغيب والترهيب، وأعظم واعظ به الوحي المنزل من الكتاب والسنّة، لأنه جامعٌ للخير كلّه، لكن علىٰ الواعظ الاقتصاد في الموعظة، لعدم إدخال الملل و السآمة علىٰ الناس فيما يعظ به، لأن النفوس إذا ملَّت كلَّت وتعبت.
Preaching is to mention the Islamic rulings along with encouragement and warning. The best thing to preach people therewith is the divine revelation, namely the Qur’an and Sunnah, for it encompasses all goodness. A preacher, however, should be moderate lest people get bored of what he preaches to them about. Boredom begets lethargy and tiredness.
1) الدعوة إلىٰ دين الله بالحكمة، وذلك بأن تُنَزَّلَ الأمور منازلها، في الوقت المناسب، والكلام المناسب، والمكان المناسب.
1) Calling to the religion of Allah in a wise manner, putting things in their proper place at the right time and speaking in a suitable way.
2) اجعل دعوتك مقرونة بموعظة حسنة، من حيث الأسلوب والصياغة، ومن حيث الإقناع بأدلة الوحي المنزل، فخير القول ما كان فيه: «قال الله تعالىٰ، وقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم».
2) Coupling the call to Allah with good admonition in terms of style and content as well as persuasion through divinely-revealed proofs. The best arguments are those that include: “Allah Almighty says,” and “the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) says”.
1/699ــ عن أَبي وَائِلٍ شَقِيقِ بن سَلَمَةَ قال: كَانَ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ رضي الله عنه يُذَكِّرُنَا في كُلِّ خَمِيسٍ، فَقَالَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ: يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمنِ، لَوَدِدْتُ أَنَّكَ ذَكَّرْتَنَا كُلَّ يَوْمٍ، فقال: أَما إنَّهُ يَمْنَعني مِنْ ذلِكَ أَنِّي أَكْرَهُ أَنْ أُمِلَّكُمْ، وَإنِّي أَتخَوَّلُكُمْ بِالمَوْعِظَةِ كَمَا كَانَ رسولُ الله يَتَخَوَّلنَا بِها مَخَافَةَ السَّآمَةِ علينا. مُتَّفق عَليه.
699/1 - Shaqīq ibn Salamah reported: Ibn Mas‘ūd (may Allah be pleased with him) used to give us a reminder every Thursday. A man said to him: “O Abu ‘Abdur-Rahmān, we would like for you to give us a reminder every day!” He said: “What prevents me from doing so is that I dislike to bore you. I give you admonitions every now and then, just as the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) used to give us, out of fear that we might get bored.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
«يَتَخَوَّلنا»: يَتَعَهَّدنا.
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1) استحباب التخفيف في الوعظ خشية الملل والسآمة، لأن أحب الأعمال إلىٰ الله أدومها وإن قل.
1) It is recommended to be brief in preaching people, lest they get bored. Indeed, the dearest deeds to Allah Almighty are those done continuously even if they are little.
2) يوصىٰ الواعظ بعدم الاستجابة لكلّ ما يُطلب منه، بل يعظ بمقدار ما يصلح في كلّ أمر من الأمور، لأنه ينظر ببصيرة من علمه، والناس يتعاملون باندفاع عواطفهم، فيعطيهم ما يراه أصلح لهم من الهدىٰ، لا ما يطلبون من الهوىٰ.
2) A preacher is advised not to respond to everything he is asked. Rather, he should give admonition as much as suitable in a specific matter. He sees things from the perspective of his knowledge, while people are prodded by their passions. So, he should give them what is more suitable, not what they request based on their inclination.
2/700 ــ وعن أبي الْيَقْظَان عَمَّار بن يَاسر رضي الله عنهما قال: سَمِعْتُ رَسولَ الله يقول: «إنَّ طُولَ صَلاةِ الرَّجُلِ وَقِصَرَ خُطْبَتِهِ مَئِنَّةٌ مِنْ فقْهِهِ، فَأَطِيلُوا الصَّلاةَ، وَأَقْصِرُوا الخُطْبَةَ». رواه مسلم.
700/2 - Ammār ibn Yāsir (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: I heard the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) say: “A man’s prolonged prayer and short sermon indicate his good religious knowledge. So, make your prayer long and your sermon short.” [Narrated by Muslim]
«مَئِنَّةٌ»: بميم مفتوحة، ثم همزة مكسورة، ثم نون مشدّدة، أي: عَلامَةٌ دَالَّةٌ عَلىٰ فِقْهِهِ.
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1) علىٰ الداعي ألا يطيل علىٰ الناس، بل يعظ بما يُحصِّل المقصود، وخير الهدي هدي محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم.
1) A preacher should not make his sermon too long. He should limit his admonition to the purpose he wants to achieve. And the best guidance is that of Muhammad (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him).
2) إن من هدي النَّبيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم في صلاة الجمعة أن تكون أطول من الخطبة.
2) The Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) used to make the Friday prayer longer than the (Friday) sermon.
3/701 ــ وعن مُعَاوِيةَ بن الحَكَم السُّلَمِيِّ رضي الله عنه قال: «بَيْنما أَنا أُصَلِّي مَعَ رسولِ الله إذا عَطَسَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ القَوْمِ، فَقُلْتُ: يَرْحَمُكَ الله، فَرَماني القَوْمُ بِأَبْصَارِهِمْ، فَقُلْتُ: وَاثُكْلَ أُمِّيَاه! مَا شَأْنُكُمْ تَنْظُرُونَ إلَيَّ؟ فَجَعلُوا يَضْرِبُونَ بِأَيْدِيهِمْ عَلىٰ أَفْخَاَدِهِمْ، فَلَمَّا رَأَيْتُهُمْ يُصَمِّتُونَني لَكِنِّي سَكَتُّ. فَلَمَّا صَلَّىٰ رسولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ، فَبِأَبِي هُوَ وَأُمِّي، مَا رَأَيْتُ مُعَلِّماً قَبْلَه وَلا بَعدَهُ أحْسَنَ تَعْليماً مِنْهُ، فَوَاللهِ ما كَهَرَني وَلا ضَرَبَني ولا شَتَمَني، قال: «إنَّ هذِهِ الصَّلاةَ لا يَصْلُحُ فِيها شَيْءٌ مِنْ كَلامِ النَّاسِ، إنَّمَا هِيَ التَّسْبِيحُ والتّكْبِيرُ وَقِرَاءَةُ الْقُرْآنِ» أَو كما قال رسولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم. قلت: يا رسولَ الله، إني حَدِيثُ عَهْد بِجَاهِلِيَّةٍ، وَقَدْ جَاءَ اللهُ بِالإسْلامِ، وإنَّ مِنَّا رِجالاً يَأْتُونَ الْكُهَّانَ؟ قال: «فلا تَأْتهِمْ»، قلت: ومنا رجالٌ يتَطيّرونَ؟ قال: «ذَاكَ شيْءٌ يَجِدُونَه في صُدورِهِم، فَلا يَصُدَنَّهُمْ». رواه مسلم.
701/3 - Mu‘āwiyah ibn al-Hakam al-Sulami (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: While I was praying with the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him), a man in the congregation sneezed and I responded saying “May Allah have mercy upon you”. The people stared at me with disapproving looks. So, I said: “May my mother lose me! Why are you staring at me?” Thereupon, they began to strike their thighs with their hands. When I saw them urging me to remain silent, I became angry but restrained myself. The Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) concluded his prayer. I have never seen before an instructor who gave better instruction than him, may my father and mother be sacrificed for him. He neither rebuked me, nor beat me, nor verbally abused me. He simply said: “Mundane speech is not permissible during prayer; rather, it consists of glorifying Allah, declaring His greatness, ands recitation of the Qur’an.” Or he said words to that effect. I said: “O Messenger of Allah, I have recently accepted Islam. Allah has favored us with Islam and there are still some people among us who go to consult soothsayers.” He said: “Do not consult them.” Then I said: “There are some of us who are guided by omens.” He said: “This is something that comes to their minds. They should not be influenced by it.” [Narrated by Muslim]
«الثُكْلُ» بضم الثاء المثلّثة: المصِيبَة الفجيعَةُ. «ماكَهَرَني» أي: ما نَهَرَني.
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يتطيرون: يتشاءمون.
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1) العمل اليسير في الصلاة لا يضرّ، لأن الصحابة جعلوا يضربون بأيديهم علىٰ أفخاذهم، ولم ينكر النَّبيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم عليهم ذلك.
1) Little movement during prayer does not harm, for the Companions, as related in the Hadīth, began to strike their thighs with their hands, and the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) did not criticize their act.
2) حسن تعليم النَّبيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم ، فهو يعلِّم بالرِّفق واللِّين، فعلىٰ الإنسان أن يُنزِل الناس منازلهم.
2) The Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) used to teach people in a kind and lenient manner. A person should treat people in a way that suits them.
3) علىٰ أهل الوعظ والتعليم أن يلتزموا الطريقةَ النبوية في موعظة الجاهلين.
3) Preachers and teachers should adhere to the Prophet’s way in preaching the ignorant.
شاع بين بعض المصلين أن (ثلاث حركات تبطل الصلاة)، وهذا القول باطل بهذا الإطلاق، بل لا بد أن يعلم المصلي تفصيل الحركات في الصلاة، وهي:
There is common belief among some Muslims that three movements during prayer nullifies it. This opinion, expressed in such general sense, is wrong. A person should be well aware of the types of movements in prayer:
1) حركة مبطلة: وهي الحركة الكثيرة المتوالية لغير ضرورة، حتىٰ يظن الناظر أن المصلي خارج الصلاة، كإخراج محفظة النقود والتفتيش فيها وإعادتها!.
1) Nullifying movement: This is the frequent successive movement without need, to the extent that those who see the praying person would think he is not in prayer. An example is when he brings out his wallet, searches it, and then returns it to its place.
2) حركة مكروهة: وهي الحركة اليسيرة لغير حاجة، كتقليب الساعة مثلاً.
2) Disliked movement: This is the little movement without need, like when he turns his watch, for example.
3) حركة مباحة: وهي اليسيرة لحاجة، كطرد ذباب وقع علىٰ وجه المصلِّي.
3) Permissible movement: This is the little movement for some need, like keeping away flies that fall on the worshiper’s face.
4) حركة مستحبة أو مأمور بها: كالتقدم والتأخر لمصلحة الصلاة، كتعديل صف مائل أو سد فُرجة في الصف المقدم، والله أعلم.
4) Recommended or required movement: An example is stepping forward or backwards for the benefit of prayer, like straightening a curved row or closing a gap in a row. And Allah knows best.
أحوال الذي يأتي الكاهنَ ثلاثة:
There are three types of people who go to a soothsayer:
الحالة الأولىٰ: أن يأتيه ويسأله ولا يصدّقه، فمَن فعله، لم تُقبَل له صلاة أربعين يوماً. قال صلى الله عليه وسلم: «مَن أتىٰ عرّافاً فسأله عن شيء، لم تُقبل له صلاة أربعين ليلةً». رواه مسلم.
First: He goes and asks him and does not believe him. If anyone does so, his prayer shall not be accepted for forty days. The Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “If anyone goes to a soothsayer and asks him about something, no prayer will be accepted from him for forty nights.” [Narrated by Muslim]
الحالة الثانية: أن يأتيه ويسأله و يصدّقه، فهذا العمل كفر لقوله صلى الله عليه وسلم: «مَن أتىٰ عرّافاً أو كاهناً فصدّقه بما يقول فقد كفر بما أُنزل علىٰ محمد». رواه أحمد.
Second: He goes to him and asks him and believes him. This is an act of disbelief, for the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “If anyone goes to a soothsayer or a diviner and believes what he says, he has disbelieved in what was revealed to Muhammad.” [Narrated by Ahmad]
الحالة الثالثة: أن يسأله لِيُكَذِّبَه، فيسأله اختباراً، ليفضحه ويكشف كذبه وحاله للناس، فهذا لا بأس به، بل يكون محموداً مطلوباً لما في ذلك من إبطال الباطل.
Third: He asks him with the intention to belie him. He wants to test him and expose his falsehood among people. There is nothing wrong with that. This is even recommended, because it refutes the untruth.
4/702 ــ وعن العِرْباضِ بن سَاريةَ رضي الله عنه قال: وَعَظَنَا رسولُ الله مَوْعِظَةً وَجِلَتْ مِنْها القُلُوبُ، وَذَرَفَتْ مِنْها العُيُونُ، وَذَكَرَ الحَدِيثَ. وَقَدْ سَبَقَ بكَمَالِهِ في باب (الأمْر بالمُحَافَظَةِ عَلىٰ السُّنَّة)، وَذَكَرْنا أَنَّ التِّرْمِذيَّ قال: إنه حديث حسنٌ صحيحٌ.
702/4 - Al-‘Irbād ibn Sāriyah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: “One day, the Messenger of Allah delivered to us a sermon on account of which hearts softened and eyes shed tears...” to the rest of the Hadīth. The complete Hadīth is narrated in a chapter titled “The command to maintain the Sunnah”. We mentioned that Al-Tirmidhi classified this Hadīth as sound and authentic.
1) بيان هدي النَّبيٍِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم في قصر الموعظة وبلاغتها.
1) It shows the Prophet’s guidance in terms of brevity and eloquence of sermons.
2) وصف قلوب الصحابة رضي الله عنهم، وذوق حلاوة الإيمان في قلوبهم، إذ تأثّروا بالموعظة النبوية مباشرة.
2) It describes the Companions’ hearts and how they tasted the sweetness of faith as they were immediately moved by the Prophet’s admonition.