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Aṭ-Ṭa'ām (makanan) adalah apa yang dimakan oleh seseorang, yaitu yang dicicipi rasanya, sehingga mencakup minuman dan makanan. Maka, judul kitab ini mencakup adab makan dan minum.
728/1 - ‘Umar ibn Abi Salamah (may Allah be pleased with him) 0reported: The Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said to me: “Mention Allah’s name, eat with your right hand, and eat from what is nearer to you.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
1/728- Umar bin Abi Salamah -raḍiyallāhu 'anhumā- berkata, Rasulullah -ṣallallāhu 'alaihi wa sallam- bersabda kepadaku, "Bacalah bismillāh, makanlah dengan tangan kananmu, dan makanlah makanan yang ada di hadapanmu!" (Muttafaq 'Alaih)
679/2 - ‘Ā’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “When one of you eats, let him mention the name of Allah, the Exalted. If he forgets to mention His name at the beginning, let him say: ‘Bimillāhi awwalahu wa ākhirah (In the name of Allah, for its beginning and its end)’.” [Narrated by Abu Dāwūd and Al-Tirmidhi, who classified it as Hasan Sahīh (sound and authentic)]
2/729- Aisyah -raḍiyallāhu 'anhā- berkata, Rasulullah -ṣallallāhu 'alaihi wa sallam- bersabda, "Apabila salah seorang di antara kalian makan, hendaklah ia menyebut nama Allah -Ta'ālā-. Jika ia lupa menyebut nama Allah -Ta'ālā- di awal, maka hendaklah ia mengucapkan, "Bismillāhi awwalahu wa ākhirahu (dengan nama Allah di awal dan di akhirnya)." (HR. Abu Daud dan Tirmizi; Tirmizi berkata, "Hadis hasan sahih")
1) It is part of the Prophet’s guidance that we teach our children the etiquettes of eating and drinking.
1) Mengajarkan anak-anak kita tentang adab makan dan minum adalah bagian dari petunjuk Nabi -ṣallallāhu 'alaihi wa sallam-.
2) It is incumbent upon a Muslim to mention the name of Allah before eating, and if he fails to do this intentionally, he incurs a sin and Satan shares the food with him.
2) Membaca bismillāh ketika makan hukumnya wajib ketika diingat, bila sengaja ditinggalkan maka dia berdosa dan akan disertai makan oleh setan.
3) Eating from the food near someone else is impolite, except if there are various types of food, in which case there is nothing wrong with doing so.
3) Mengambil makanan yang ada di hadapan orang lain termasuk adab yang buruk, kecuali bila makanannya beraneka ragam maka tidak mengapa.
730/3 - Jābir (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: I heard the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) say: “When a man mentions Allah’s name upon entering his house and when eating, the devil says (to his companions): ‘There is no night shelter nor supper here for you.’ But when a man does not mention Allah’s name upon entering his house, the devil says: ‘You have found for yourselves a night shelter.’ If he does not mention Allah’s name when starting to eat, the devil says: ‘You have found for yourselves both a night shelter and supper.’” [Narrated by Muslim]
3/730- Jābir -raḍiyallāhu 'anhu- berkata, Aku telah mendengar Rasulullah -ṣallallāhu 'alaihi wa sallam- bersabda, "Apabila seseorang masuk ke rumahnya lalu menyebut nama Allah ketika masuk dan ketika makan, maka setan berkata kepada teman-temannya, 'Tidak ada tempat bermalam dan makan malam bagi kalian.' Jika dia masuk tanpa menyebut nama Allah ketika masuk, setan berkata, 'Kalian telah menemukan tempat bermalam.' Dan jika dia tidak menyebut nama Allah ketika makan, setan berkata, 'Kalian telah menemukan tempat bermalam dan makan malam.'" (HR. Muslim)
1) It is a merciful aspect of the Shariah that it endears to people all the things that guard them against Satan.
1) Di antara bentuk rahmatnya syariat Islam ialah syariat menganjurkan kepada hamba untuk mengerjakan apa yang akan melindunginya dari setan.
2) Satan observes all actions and behaviors of the children of Adam. Whenever a person falls into heedlessness, this helps Satan achieve his purpose. So, a fortunate person is the one who protects himself by adhering to the Sunnah.
2) Setan selalu mengintai manusia dalam perbuatan dan tindak-tanduknya. Bila dia lalai maka setan akan mendapatkan apa yang dia inginkan. Sehingga orang yang diberi taufik adalah yang melindungi dirinya dengan mengerjakan Sunnah Nabi.
731/4 - Hudhayfah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: “When we attended a meal with the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him), we would not stretch our hands until the Messenger would start and stretch his hand. Once we attended a meal with him and a little girl came in rushing as if she was being pushed forward. She was about to put her hand into the food when the Messenger caught her hand. Then a Bedouin came in rushing as if he was being pushed forward. He caught his hand too, and then said: ‘Verily, the devil can eat from any food upon which the name of Allah is not mentioned. He brought this little girl to be able to eat, but I caught her hand. Then he brought this Bedouin to be able to eat, but I caught his hand too. By the One in Whose hand my soul is, his hand is in my grasp along with their hands.” Then he mentioned the name of Allah and ate. [Narrated by Muslim]
4/731- Ḥużaifah -raḍiyallāhu 'anhu- berkata, "Biasanya apabila kami menghadiri jamuan bersama Rasulullah -ṣallallāhu 'alaihi wa sallam-, kami tidak meletakkan tangan pada hidangan sebelum Rasulullah -ṣallallāhu 'alaihi wa sallam- meletakkan tangannya. Suatu ketika kami bersama beliau menghadiri hidangan makanan, tiba-tiba seorang anak perempuan datang seolah-olah didorong dan bermaksud meletakkan tangannya pada makanan itu, sehingga Rasulullah -ṣallallāhu 'alaihi wa sallam- memegang tangannya. Kemudian datang seorang badui seolah-olah didorong, maka beliau pun memegang tangannya. Lantas Rasulullah -ṣallallāhu 'alaihi wa sallam- bersabda, 'Sesungguhnya setan akan ikut menyantap makanan bila tidak disebut nama Allah -Ta'ālā- padanya. Sungguh ia datang bersama anak perempuan ini supaya ia ikut menyantapnya, sehingga aku memegang tangannya. Kemudian ia datang dengan orang badui ini supaya ia ikut menyantapnya, maka aku pun memegang tangannya. Demi Allah yang jiwaku ada di Tangan-Nya! Sungguh tangan setan itu ada dalam genggaman tanganku beserta tangan keduanya.' Kemudian beliau mengucapkan bismillāh dan makan." (HR. Muslim)
1) It shows how the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) respected the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) and observed proper etiquette with him.
1) Penghormatan para sahabat -raḍiyallāhu 'anhum- kepada Rasulullah -ṣallallāhu 'alaihi wa sallam- serta menjelaskan adab mereka terhadap beliau.
2) Part of the etiquette of eating is letting the elderly eat first, as it is impolite to extend one’s hand in front of an older person and eat ahead of him.
2) Di antara adab makan ialah mendahulukan orang yang lebih tua supaya makan lebih awal, karena mendahului orang yang tua ketika makan bertentangan dengan adab mulia.
3) It is a duty to change what is wrong upon the person who has proper knowledge of it. The Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) held their hands and taught them how to observe the etiquette of eating.
3) Kewajiban mengingkari kemungkaran bagi orang yang mengetahuinya. Nabi -ṣallallāhu 'alaihi wa sallam- memegang tangan mereka kemudian mengajari mereka apa yang harus mereka kerjakan dalam adab makan.
732/5 - Umayyah ibn Makhshi, a Companion, (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) was sitting while a man was eating. He did not mention Allah’s name until there remained the last morsel. When he raised it to his mouth, he said: “In the name of Allah at the beginning and at the end of it.” Thereupon, the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) laughed and said: “Alhamdulillāh hamdan kathīran tayyiban mubārakan feeh, ghayra mukfiy wa la muwadda‘ wa la mustaghnan ‘anhu rabbana (Praise be to Allah, abundant, good, and blessed praise. He is in no need to any of His creation and His alone is a never-ending praise, a praise that we will never bid farewell to and an indispensable praise, O our Lord).” [Narrated by Abu Dāwūd and Al-Nasā’i] [2]
5/732- Umayyah bin Makhsyiy -raḍiyallāhu 'anhu- berkata, Rasulullah -ṣallallāhu 'alaihi wa sallam- sedang duduk di saat ada seseorang sedang makan dan tidak membaca bismillāh sampai tidak tersisa dari makanannya kecuali sesuap lagi. Kemudian ketika mengangkat suapan itu ke mulutnya, dia mengucapkan, "Bismillāhi awwalahu wa ākhirahu (dengan nama Allah di awal dan akhirnya)." Maka Nabi -ṣallallāhu 'alaihi wa sallam- tertawa lalu bersabda, "Setan senantiasa ikut makan bersamanya. Kemudian ketika dia menyebut nama Allah, setan itu pun memuntahkan apa yang ada di perutnya." (HR. Abu Daud, Tirmizi, dan An-Nasā`iy) [2].
733/6 - ‘Ā’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported: While the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) was eating some food with six of his Companions, a Bedouin came and ate it up in two morsels. Thereupon, the Messenger said: “If only he had mentioned the name of Allah, it would have been enough for all of you.” [Al-Tirmidhi; and he classified it as Hasan Sahīh (sound and authentic)]
6/733- Aisyah -raḍiyallāhu 'anhā- berkata, Rasulullah -ṣallallāhu 'alaihi wa sallam- pernah menyantap satu makanan bersama enam orang sahabatnya, lalu seorang badui datang dan memakannya dengan dua kali suap, maka Rasulullah -ṣallallāhu 'alaihi wa sallam- bersabda, "Andai saja ia menyebut nama Allah, niscaya makanan tersebut cukup untuk kalian semua." (HR. Tirmizi dan dia berkata, "Hadis hasan sahih)
1) Mentioning the name of Allah brings blessing. When a person mentions the name of his Lord in anything he does, it becomes blessed.
1) Menyebut nama Allah -Ta'ālā- akan mendatangkan keberkahan pada segala sesuatu, karena tidaklah seorang hamba menyebut nama Rabb-nya pada sesuatu kecuali akan turun padanya keberkahan.
2) Satan is close to heedless people who are away from the remembrance of their Lord. So, the believer should be keen to constantly remember Allah Almighty.
2) Setan itu dekat dengan orang yang lalai dan jauh dari orang yang mengingat Allah -Ta'ālā-. Oleh karena itu, hendaklah orang beriman berusaha untuk selalu mengingat Allah.
3) Gathering around food is desirable, even if it is little.
3) Anjuran supaya makan bersama-sama walaupun sedikit.
734/7 - Abu Umāmah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) used to say upon finishing his meal: “Alhamdulillāh hamdan kathīran tayyiban mubārakan feeh, ghayra mukfiy wa la muwadda‘ wa la mustaghnan ‘anhu rabbana (Praise be to Allah, abundant, good, and blessed praise. He is in no need to any of His creation and His alone is a never-ending praise, a praise that we will never bid farewell to and an indispensable praise, O our Lord).” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri]
7/734- Abu Umāmah -raḍiyallāhu 'anhu- meriwayatkan bahwa Nabi -ṣallallāhu 'alaihi wa sallam- ketika mengangkat hidangannya (selesai makan) beliau mengucapkan, "Alḥamdulillāhi ḥamdan kaṡīran ṭayyiban mubārakan fīhi, gaira makfiyyin wa lā muwadda'in wa lā mustagnan 'anhu rabbanā (Artinya: Segala puji milik Allah dengan pujian yang banyak, baik, dan penuh berkah; Dia tidak membutuhkan (sesuatupun), tidak ditinggalkan, dan selalu dibutuhkan, wahai Rabb kami)." (HR. Bukhari)
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غَيْرَ مَكْفِيٍّ (gaira makfiyyin): tidak membutuhkan seorang pun di antara makhluk-Nya; Dia Mahakaya, yang memberi makan, tidak diberi makan.
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لا مُوَدَّع (lā muwadda'in): tidak ditinggalkan dari permintaan kepada-Nya; artinya, Allah Yang Mahasuci satu-satunya tempat meminta.
1) After a person eats food, he should praise his Lord, for He alone deserves praise and He alone is the Bestower of favors.
1) Apabila seseorang telah makan, dia harus memuji Allah -Subḥānahu wa Ta'ālā-; hanya Allah semata yang berhak terhadap pujian, tidak ada yang lain, karena Allah adalah pemilik semua karunia.
2) All servants stand in need of their Lord in terms of their sustenance and very existence, whereas He does not need them and He bestows favors upon them.
2) Semua hamba butuh kepada Allah, sedangkan Allah tidak butuh kepada mereka, bahkan Allahlah yang memberikan mereka berbagai karunia, sehingga semua hamba butuh kepada Allah Yang Mahasuci dalam menciptakan mereka dan memberikan mereka rezeki.
735/8 - Mu‘ādh ibn Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Whoever eats food and says, ‘Alhamdulillāh alladhi at‘amani hadha al-ta‘ām wa razaqanīh min ghayri hawlin minni wa la quwwah (Praise be to Allah Who fed me and provided me with this food through no might or power on my part)’, his past sins will be forgiven.” [Narrated by Abu Dāwūd and Al-Tirmidhi who classified it as Hasan Sahīh (sound and authentic)]
8/735- Mu'āż bin Anas -raḍiyallāhu 'anhu- berkata, Rasulullah -ṣallallāhu 'alaihi wa sallam- bersabda, "Siapa yang menyantap makanan lalu mengucapkan: alḥamdulillāhillażī aṭ'amanī hāżā aṭ-ṭa'āma wa razaqnīhi min gairi ḥaulin minnī wa lā quwwah (segala puji hanya milik Allah yang telah memberiku makanan ini dan menganugerahkannya kepadaku tanpa ada daya dan kekuatan dariku), niscaya diampuni dosa-dosanya yang telah lalu." (HR. Abu Daud dan Tirmizi; Tirmizi berkata, "Hadis hasan")
1) It highlights the greatness of Allah’s grace towards His servants. Indeed, everything possessed by people comes from their Creator, and not through any power or strength on their part.
1) Menjelaskan besarnya karunia Allah kepada hamba-Nya; yaitu seluruh urusan semua hamba berasal dari Allah -'Azza wa Jalla-, bukan dengan kemampuan dan kekuatan mereka.
2) Glad tidings are given to the believers that their sins will be forgiven and their blessings increased, if they give thanks to their Lord for His favors, which include food and drink.
2) Kabar gembira bagi orang-orang beriman berupa ampunan dosa dan penambahan karunia apabila mereka bersyukur kepada Tuhan mereka atas nikmat-nikmat-Nya, di antaranya nikmat makanan dan minuman.