1224/1 - Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Do not observe fasting for a day or two days before Ramadan, except if a person habitually observes fast on a particular day, so he may fast on that day.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
1/1224- Abu Hurairah -raḍiyallāhu 'anhu- meriwayatkan dari Nabi -ṣallallāhu 'alaihi wa sallam- bahwa beliau bersabda, "Janganlah salah seorang kalian mendahului Ramadan dengan berpuasa sehari atau dua hari, kecuali seseorang terbiasa berpuasa hari itu, maka silakan dia berpuasa di hari itu." (Muttafaq 'Alaih)
1225/2 - Ibn ‘Abbās (may Allah be pleased with him and his father) reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Do not observe fast before Ramadan. Fast when you see it (the new moon) and stop the fast when you see it. If you cannot see it because of cloudiness, complete thirty days.”
2/1225- Ibnu 'Abbās -raḍiyallāhu 'anhumā- berkata, Rasulullah -ṣallallāhu 'alaihi wa sallam- bersabda, "Janganlah berpuasa sebelum Ramadan. Berpuasalah karena melihat hilal, dan berbukalah karena melihatnya. Bila hilal terhalangi oleh awan, maka sempurnakanlah tiga puluh hari."
[Narrated by Al-Tirmidhi; he classified it as Hasan Sahīh (sound and authentic)]
(HR. Tirmizi dan dia berkata, "Hadis hasan sahih")
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الغَيَابَةُ (al-gayābah), dengan "gain" dan "yā`", yaitu: awan.
1226/3 - Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “When a half of Sha‘bān is remaining, do not observe fast.” [Narrated by Al-Tirmidhi; he classified it as Hasan Sahīh (sound and authentic)]
3/1226- Abu Hurairah -raḍiyallāhu 'anhu- berkata, Rasulullah -ṣallallāhu 'alaihi wa sallam- bersabda, "Bila telah tersisa setengah dari Syakban, maka janganlah kalian berpuasa." (HR. Tirmizi dan dia berkata, "Hadis hasan sahih")
1) There is a stern prohibition to observe fast shortly before Ramadan, like when a person decides to fast one or two days before Ramadan as a precaution. The right thing to do is to abide by the Prophet’s guidance in this regard and begin the fast upon seeing the new moon.
1) Larangan keras dari berpuasa mendahului Ramadan, misalnya seseorang melakukannya dengan tujuan untuk kehati-hatian dengan mengatakan, "Aku berpuasa satu atau dua hari sebelum Ramadan untuk berhati-hati." Yang benar ialah mengikuti petunjuk Nabi dalam hal berpuasa ketika melihat hilal.
2) The legitimate fasting begins when we can verify the advent of Ramadan by sighting the new moon. We may not fast before it.
2) Puasa yang disyariatkan ialah setelah memastikan masuknya Ramadan dengan melihat hilal, tidak dengan berpuasa mendahuluinya.
3) The Shariah takes people’s conditions into consideration and removes difficulties from them. So, it prohibits us from observing fasting shortly before Ramadan, so that we can enter this month vigorous and active.
3) Perhatian Allah kepada keadaan hamba dan menghilangkan kesulitan dari mereka; Allah melarang berpuasa mendahului Ramadan supaya hamba memasuki bulan Ramadan dengan tekad kuat dan semangat.
1227/4 - Abu al-Yaqzhān ‘Ammār ibn Yāsir (may Allah be pleased with him and his father) said: “Whoever fasts on the day of doubt has disobeyed Abu al-Qāsim (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him).” [Narrated by Abu Dāwūd and Al-Tirmidhi, who classified it as Hasan Sahīh (sound and authentic)]
4/1227- Abul-Yaqẓān 'Ammār bin Yāsir -raḍiyallāhu 'anhumā- berkata, "Siapa yang berpuasa di hari yang diragukan, maka dia telah durhaka kepada Abul-Qāsim -ṣallallāhu 'alaihi wa sallam-." (HR. Abu Daud dan Tirmizi; Tirmizi berkata, "Hadis hasan sahih")
1) It prohibits the fasting of the day of doubt, which precedes the confirmed start of Ramadan, based on prohibition reported from the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him).
1) Pengharaman puasa di hari syak, yaitu hari sebelum dipastikan masuknya Ramadan karena ada larangan terhadap yang demikian itu.
2) Violation of the Sunnah and the prohibitions laid down by the Prophet leads to misguidance and disunity, even if the person thinks he is doing good. “How often a person intends good, yet he does not attain it!”
2) Menyelisihi Sunnah Nabi dan melanggar larangan Nabi -ṣallallāhu 'alaihi wa sallam- ialah sebab kesesatan dan perpecahan, sekalipun hamba itu mengira bahwa dalam ibadahnya itu terdapat kebaikan, "Karena betapa banyak orang yang menginginkan kebaikan, namun ia tidak mendapatkannya."
Fasting before Ramadan is of three types:
Puasa sebelum Ramadan terbagi dalam tiga hal:
First: from mid-Sha‘bān to the 28th of it. This fasting is disliked, unless a person has a certain habit of fasting.
Pertama: setelah pertengahan Syakban hingga tanggal 28 Syakban, hukumnya makruh, kecuali bagi orang yang memiliki kebiasaan puasa.
Second: one or two days before Ramadan. This fasting is prohibited, unless a person has a certain habit of fasting.
Kedua: satu atau dua hari sebelum Ramadan, hukumnya haram, kecuali bagi orang yang memiliki kebiasaan puasa.
Third: Fasting on the day of doubt. One may not fast on it even on a voluntary basis. This is because worship should not be done except on the basis of certainty. Moreover, fasting on this day might confuse people and make them think this is Ramadan.
Ketiga: hari syak, tidak boleh berpuasa pada hari syak secara mutlak, termasuk puasa sunah. Karena ibadah tidak boleh dibangun kecuali di atas keyakinan, dan karena dikhawatirkan puasa di hari itu akan mendatangkan kerancuan pada manusia sehingga mereka menyangkanya termasuk puasa Ramadan.