581/1 - Buraydah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “I forbade you from visiting graves, but now you can visit them.” [Narrated by Muslim]
1/581- Buraidah -raḍiyallāhu 'anhu- berkata, Rasulullah -ṣallallāhu 'alaihi wa sallam- bersabda, "Aku pernah melarang kalian dari berziarah kubur. Sekarang berziarahlah ke kubur." (HR. Muslim)
1) The wisdom behind the initial forbiddance of visiting the graves was to protect people from committing Shirk (associating partners with Allah). This is because people at that time were new converts to Islam. So, the ban was intended to protect their state of monotheism. Belief was not yet ingrained into their hearts, so it was feared that they might commit acts of Shirk, such as asking the dead to help them or fulfill their needs. Those acts frustrate one’s good deeds and are a cause for entering Hellfire.
1) Hikmah larangan ziarah kubur -ketika awal Islam- adalah karena adanya kekhawatiran manusia akan terfitnah dengan kubur, disebabkan karena mereka belum lama meninggalkan masa jahiliah. Sehingga larangan tersebut dilakukan untuk menjaga keutuhan tauhid dan agar manusia tidak jatuh dalam berbagai macam kesyirikan sementara iman sama sekali belum kuat dalam hati mereka, seperti istigasah (memohon pertolongan) kepada orang yang sudah mati, meminta penunaian hajat dari mereka, dan lain sebagainya yang akan membatalkan amal saleh hamba serta menyebabkan masuk neraka.
2) Then visiting the graves was sanctioned for the benefits it has to the visitor and the visited. The visitor takes lessons as he remembers death and the Hereafter; whereas the visited benefits from the supplication made for him, not to him. It behooves us to correct our monotheistic beliefs.
2) Ziarah kubur disyariatkan karena mendatangkan manfaat bagi yang berziarah dan yang diziarahi; yaitu orang yang hidup mengambil pelajaran lewat mengingat kematian dan akhirat, sedangkan orang yang mati mendapatkan manfaat dari doa yang dipanjatkan untuknya. Bukan agar kita berdoa dan meminta kepadanya. Maka, adakah jalan untuk meluruskan tauhid?!
582/2 - ‘Ā’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported that whenever it was her turn that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) spends the night in her home, he would go out to the Baqī‘ (graveyard in Madīnah) in the last part of night and say: “Peace be upon you, O abode of a believing people. What you have been promised has come to you. You are tarried till tomorrow, and we shall certainly follow you, Allah willing. O Allah, forgive the dwellers of Baqī‘ al-Gharqad.” [Narrated by Muslim]
2/582- Aisyah -raḍiyallāhu 'anhā- berkata, Setiap malam giliran dirinya dari Rasulullah -ṣallallāhu 'alaihi wa sallam- , beliau biasa keluar di penghujung malam menuju pekuburan Baqī' dan mengucapkan, "As-salāmu 'alaikum dāra qaumin mu'minīn, wa atākum mā tū'adūn, gadan mu`ajjalūn, wa innā insyā Allāhu bikum lāḥiqūn, allāhumma-gfir li ahli Baqī' Al-Garqad (Semoga keselamatan untuk kalian wahai (penghuni) kuburan kaum mukminin, apa yang dijanjikan telah datang kepada kalian, besok kalian akan mendapatkan balasan kalian, kami insya Allah akan menyusul kalian. Ya Allah! Ampunilah penghuni Baqī' Al-Garqad)." (HR. Muslim)
583/3 - Buraydah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) used to teach them to say upon going to the graves: “Peace be upon you, dwellers of these abodes from amongst the believers and Muslims. We, Allah willing, shall definitely join you. I ask Allah to grant us and you well-being.” [Narrated by Muslim]
3/583- Buraidah -raḍiyallāhu 'anhu- berkata, "Dahulu Nabi -ṣallallāhu 'alaihi wa sallam- mengajarkan mereka apabila mereka mengunjungi pekuburan supaya mengucapkan: As-salāmu 'alaikum ahlad-diyār minal-mu`minīna wal-muslimīn, wa innā in syā`Allāhu bikum lāḥiqūn, as`alullāha lanā wa lakumul-'āfiyah (Semoga kesejahteraan bagi kalian, wahai penghuni kubur dari kaum mukminin dan muslimin. Sesungguhnya kami, insya Allah, akan menyusul kalian. Aku memohon kepada Allah keselamatan untuk kami dan untuk kalian)." (HR. Muslim)
584/4 - Ibn ‘Abbās (may Allah be pleased with him and his father) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) passed by the graves of Madīnah and he turned towards them and said: “Peace be upon you, O dwellers of the graves. May Allah forgive us and you. You have preceded us, and we are to follow.” [Narrated by Al-Tirmidhi; he classified it as Hasan (sound)] [4]
4/584- Ibnu Abbas -raḍiyallāhu 'anhuma- berkata, "Rasulullah -ṣallallāhu 'alaihi wa sallam- pernah melewati pekuburan Madinah, lalu beliau menghadap ke mereka dan mengucapkan: As-salāmu 'alaikum yā ahlal-qubūr, yagfirullāhu lanā wa lakum, antum salafunā wa naḥnu bil-aṡar" (Semoga keselamatan untuk kalian wahai penghuni kuburan, semoga Allah mengampuni kami dan kalian, kalian pendahulu kami dan kami akan menyusul kalian)." (HR. Tirmizi dan dia berkata, "Hadis hasan") [4].
Baqī‘ al-Gharqad: It is the cemetery of the people of Madīnah, situated next to the Prophet’s Mosque. It was called so because it used to have Al-Gharqad trees, which were later cut off. Al-Gharqad is a kind of thorny trees.
Baqī' Al-Garqad adalah pekuburan penduduk Madinah yang berada di samping Masjid Nabawi. Dinamakan demikian karena dahulu di sana terdapat pohon garqad, kemudian dipotong. Garqad termasuk jenis pohon berduri.
1) It is recommended to visit the graves in the lawful manner, without specifying certain days for doing so.
1) Anjuran bagi hamba agar berziarah kubur dengan ziarah yang disyariatkan tanpa menentukan hari tertentu.
2) A person is advised to make the reported supplications upon visiting the graves, as blessing lies in them. However, if he does not memorize any of the reported supplications, he can supplicate as he wishes.
2) Ketika berziarah kubur seseorang dipesan untuk berdoa dengan doa yang disebutkan dalam hadis-hadis Nabi, karena di dalamnya terkandung keberkahan. Apabila dia tidak hafal satu pun doa yang ada, dia boleh berdoa dengan doa apa saja yang mudah.
3) The Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) was keen to teach his Ummah what is beneficial for them. Knowledge precedes words and deeds.
3) Antusiasme Nabi -ṣallallāhu 'alaihi wa sallam- untuk mengajarkan umat beliau semua yang berguna bagi mereka, sebab ilmu harus didahulukan sebelum berucap dan beramal.
4) It is a right of the believers in general to receive supplication for them to be forgiven and shown mercy. This is one of the rights of brotherliness that last after death.
4) Semua orang beriman berhak untuk didoakan dengan ampunan dan rahmat, inilah hak persaudaraan yang abadi setelah meninggal.
Benefit:
Faedah Tambahan:
Visiting the graves falls under three categories: lawful, innovative, and polytheistic. These were extensively explained by the erudite scholar Hāfiz Hakami (may Allah have mercy upon him) in his work Sullam al-Wusūl Fi Tawhīd Allah wa Ittibā‘ al-Rasūl.
Praktik ziarah kubur terbagi dalam tiga keadaan: ziarah sesuai syariat, ziarah bidah, dan ziarah syirik. Ketiganya telah dijelaskan oleh Al-'Allāmah Ḥāfiẓ Al-Ḥakamiy -raḥimahullāh- dalam manẓūmah karya beliau "Sullamul-Wuṣūl fī Tauḥīdillāh wa Ittibā'ir-Rasūl".