Allah Almighty says: {And [there is a share for] those who came after them, saying, “Our Lord, forgive us and our brothers who preceded us in faith.} [Surat al-Hashr: 10]
Allah -Ta'ālā- berfirman, "Dan orang-orang yang datang sesudah mereka (Muhajirin dan Ansar), mereka berdoa, 'Ya Tuhan kami! Ampunilah kami dan saudara-saudara kami yang telah beriman lebih dahulu dari kami.'" (QS. Al-Ḥasyr: 10)
Supplicating for the believers as a whole is one of the rights of Muslims upon one another, and the best people to supplicate for are the Prophet’s Companions. So, if you see a person saying after mentioning the name of a Companion, “may Allah be pleased with him/her” and loving the Companions and asking Allah’s forgiveness for them, then you should know that he is a follower of the Sunnah and sound guidance. On the other hand, if a person hates them or speaks ill of them, this is a sign that he is a religious innovator who has gone astray and who has no share of the Sunnah. The Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) were the channel through which the religion was conveyed to the Ummah. So, a person who discredits them is actually discrediting the Shariah.
Mendoakan orang beriman secara umum termasuk hak kaum muslimin satu sama lain, dan orang yang paling utama didoakan adalah sahabat-sahabat Rasulullah -ṣallallāhu 'alaihi wa sallam-. Maka, apabila Anda melihat seseorang mengucapkan taraḍḍī (kalimat raḍiyallāhu 'anhu) untuk para sahabat, memohonkan mereka ampunan dan mencintai mereka, ketahuilah bahwa dia adalah pengikut Sunnah dan berada di atas petunjuk yang lurus. Akan tetapi, jika dia membenci mereka atau menyebut mereka dengan keburukan, maka dia adalah ahli bidah dan kesesatan, bukan pengikut Sunnah, karena para sahabat -raḍiyallāhu 'anhum- adalah perantara dalam menukil ajaran agama dan menyampaikannya kepada umat. Sehingga, jika ada seseorang yang mencela perantara agama, berarti dia telah mencela agama itu sendiri.
948/1 - ‘Ā’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported that a man said to the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him): “My mother has died suddenly. I think that if she were able to talk, she would have given charity. So, if I give charity now on her behalf, will she get the reward?” The Prophet replied: “Yes.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
1/948- Aisyah -raḍiyallāhu 'anhā- meriwayatkan bahwa seorang laki-laki berkata kepada Nabi -ṣallallāhu 'alaihi wa sallam-, "Ibuku meninggal mendadak. Aku melihatnya, seandainya dia sempat berbicara, dia akan bersedekah. Apakah dia mendapat pahala jika aku bersedekah atas namanya?" Beliau menjawab, "Ya." (Muttafaq 'Alaih)
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افْتُلِتَتْ نَفْسُها: dia meninggal mendadak.
1) It is legitimate to give charity on behalf of a dead person, and it is recommended to do this quickly so that the reward can reach him fast.
1) Disyariatkannya bersedekah atas nama orang yang telah wafat dan segera menunaikannya supaya ia mendapat manfaat dengan pahalanya di alam kubur.
2) Giving charity on behalf of either parents is part of dutifulness to him or her after their death.
2) Bersedekah atas nama salah satu orang tua termasuk bentuk bakti kepadanya setelah meninggal dunia.
3) It is glad tidings to the believers that their deeds do not cease with their death, and that their righteous children remaining after them is an ongoing source of reward for them.
3) Di antara kabar gembira yang disegerakan bagi orang beriman ialah ketika amalnya tidak terhenti dengan kematiannya, dan adanya anak saleh sepeninggalnya adalah pintu kebaikan yang terus-menerus berbuah pahala.
4) The Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) were keen to adhere to the texts of the Qur’an and the Prophet’s guidance. That is why the Companion in the Hadīth did not hasten to give the charity, though it was apparently something good, before he asked the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) about it.
4) Antusias para sahabat -raḍiyallāhu 'anhum- untuk beramal berdasarkan nas dan membatasi diri dengan petunjuk Nabi, sebagaimana sahabat yang mulia ini tidak serta-merta bersedekah -walaupun di dalamnya terkandung maslahat- sebelum bertanya kepada Rasulullah -ṣallallāhu 'alaihi wa sallam-.
949/2 - Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “When a person dies, his deeds come to an end except for three things: ongoing charity, beneficial knowledge, or a pious child who supplicates for him.” [Narrated by Muslim]
2/949- Abu Hurairah -raḍiyallāhu 'anhu- meriwayatkan bahwa Rasulullah -ṣallallāhu 'alaihi wa sallam- bersabda, “Apabila manusia meninggal dunia maka terputuslah amalnya, kecuali tiga perkara: sedekah yang mengalir, ilmu yang dimanfaatkan, dan anak saleh yang mendokannya.” (HR. Muslim)
1) Out of the mercy of Allah towards His believing servants, He has enabled them to benefit from the reward of the deeds they began during their life even after death.
1) Di antara bentuk rahmat Allah -Ta'ālā- kepada hamba-Nya yang beriman yaitu Allah meneruskan pahala amal perbuatan yang mereka cetuskan untuk mereka sendiri.
2) We should be keen to raise righteous children, for their righteousness is good for them and us, as they will supplicate for us after we die.
2) Bersungguh-sungguh dalam mengupayakan kesalehan anak, karena kesalehan mereka akan mendatangkan kebaikan untuk mereka dan untuk orang tuanya, yaitu mereka akan mendoakan mereka setelah meninggal dunia.
3) Useful knowledge is the best thing a person can leave behind, for it endures for as long as Allah wills. Ongoing charity may come to an end one day, and a person’s righteous children will eventually die. So, beneficial knowledge is unparalleled in this regard, if the intention behind it is sincere. It is "the immortal child", as some scholars called it.
3) Ilmu yang bermanfaat adalah sebaik-baik warisan yang ditinggalkan oleh orang wafat, karena dia akan kekal sampai waktu yang Allah kehendaki. Sedekah jariah kadang terhenti dan anak saleh kadang mati, sedangkan ilmu yang diwariskan tidak akan sebanding dengan apa pun bagi orang yang tulus niatnya. Sebagian ulama memberikan ungkapan: "Ilmu adalah anak yang kekal."
Al-Nawawi (may Allah have mercy upon him) said: “The scholars said: The Hadīth means that a person’s deeds come to an end with his death, and so do the rewards for his deeds, except in the three things specified in the Hadīth, given that he was the reason behind them. His children come and grow up due to his earning, and so does the useful knowledge he leaves behind in the form of teaching or books. Likewise, the ongoing charity is the endowment he has made. This points out the significance of getting married in the hope of having righteous children and also indicates the merit and great rewards of endowments and knowledge. We are thus encouraged to seek more and more knowledge and leave it behind through teaching, writing, or explaining. This also tells us that we should seek the most useful branches of knowledge and then the next most useful.” [Commentary on Sahīh Muslim]
Imam An-Nawawiy -raḥimahullāh- berkata, "Para ulama menjelaskan, makna hadis ini adalah bahwa amal orang yang mati akan terhenti dengan kematiannya dan terhenti juga pembaharuan pahalanya kecuali pada tiga perkara ini dikarenakan dia telah menjadi penyebabnya. Anak saleh bagian dari hasil usahanya, demikian juga ilmu yang dia wariskan lewat mengajar dan menulis, dan sedekah jariah berupa wakaf. Di dalamnya terkandung keutamaan menikah dengan niat melahirkan anak saleh. Di dalamnya juga terkandung dalil kesahihan wakaf dan keagungan pahalanya, penjelasan keutamaan ilmu, anjuran memperbanyaknya dan mewariskannya lewat mengajar, menulis, dan menjelaskannya, serta penjelasan bahwa setiap orang harus memilih di antara ilmu yang paling bermanfaat secara berurutan." (Syarḥ Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim)
Al-Subki (may Allah have mercy upon him) said: “And writing books, of knowledge, is more effective, given that it endures throughout the passage of time.” [Fayd al-Qadīr Sharh al-Jāmi‘ al-Saghīr]
As-Subkiy -raḥimahullāhu- berkata, "Menulis (buku keilmuan) lebih kuat karena bertahan lama sepanjang zaman." (Faiḍul-Qadīr Syarḥ Al-Jāmi' Aṣ-Ṣagīr)