Allah Almighty says: {And [due] to Allah upon the people is Hajj to the House - for whoever is able to find thereto a way. But whoever disbelieves - then indeed, Allah is free from need of the worlds.} [Surat Āl ‘Imrān: 97]
Allah -Ta'ālā- berfirman, "Mengerjakan haji adalah kewajiban manusia terhadap Allah, yaitu (bagi) orang yang sanggup mengadakan perjalanan ke Baitullah. Dan barang siapa yang mengingkari (kewajiban haji), maka sesungguhnya Allah Mahakaya (tidak memerlukan sesuatu) dari semesta alam." (QS. Āli 'Imrān: 97)
This verse was revealed in the ninth Hijri year, the year of delegations. In it Hajj was ordained upon all people, believers and non-believers. However, we should call non-believers to Islam first and then to Hajj. The requirement for Hajj being obligatory for a person is that he can make the journey to the Sacred House (in Makkah), which differs according to the time and place.
Ayat ini turun pada tahun ke-9 H, yaitu tahun delegasi. Pada tahun itulah haji diwajibkan terhadap seluruh manusia, yang beriman dan yang kafir. Tetapi orang kafir diajak kepada Islam terlebih dahulu kemudian haji. Syarat kewajiban haji ialah mampu mengadakan perjalanan menuju Baitullah, dan ini berbeda-beda sesuai zaman dan tempat.
1271/1 - Ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him and his father) reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Islam was built on five pillars: testifying that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, establishing prayer, giving Zakah, performing Hajj to the House, and fasting Ramadan.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
1/1271- Ibnu Umar -raḍiyallāhu 'anhumā- meriwayatkan bahwa Rasulullah -ṣallallāhu 'alaihi wa sallam- bersabda, "Islam dibangun di atas lima perkara; syahadat 'Lā ilāha illallāh Muḥammad rasūlullāh', penegakan salat, pembayaran zakat, haji ke Baitullah, dan puasa di bulan Ramadan." (Muttafaq 'Alaih)
1272/2 - Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) delivered a speech to us wherein he said: “O people, Allah has ordained Hajj upon you; so perform Hajj.” A man said: “Every year, O Messenger of Allah?” He remained silent until the man had repeated the question three times. Then, the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “If I said yes, this would be obligatory, and you would not have the ability for that.” Then, he said: “Leave me with what I have left you, for those who came before you were doomed because of their questions and differences with their prophets. If I commanded you to do something, do as much of it as you can; and if I forbid you from doing something, refrain from it.” [Narrated by Muslim]
2/1272- Abu Hurairah -raḍiyallāhu 'anhu- berkata, Rasulullah -ṣallallāhu 'alaihi wa sallam- berpidato kepada kami, beliau bersabda, "Wahai sekalian manusia! Allah telah mewajibkan haji atas kalian, maka berhajilah." Seorang laki-laki berkata, "Apakah setiap tahun, wahai Rasulullah?" Namun beliau diam. Sampai laki-laki itu mengucapkannya tiga kali, maka Rasulullah -ṣallallāhu 'alaihi wa sallam- bersabda, "Andainya aku katakan ya, niscaya akan diwajibkan (setiap tahun), dan kalian tidak akan mampu." Kemudian beliau bersabda, "Biarkanlah apa yang telah aku tinggalkan untuk kalian. Sesungguhnya orang-orang sebelum kalian binasa karena banyaknya pertanyaan dan perselisihan mereka kepada nabi mereka. Jika kalian aku perintahkan kepada sesuatu, maka laksanakanlah apa yang kalian mampu. Dan jika kalian aku larang dari sesuatu maka jauhilah." (HR. Muslim)
1) Hajj is one of the five pillars of Islam, without which a person’s religion is incomplete.
1) Haji adalah satu dari lima rukun Islam, yang tidak akan sempurna keislaman seorang hamba hingga ia mengerjakannya.
2) Hajj is obligatory only once in a lifetime. This stems from Allah’s mercy towards His servants, as He does not burden them with anything beyond their capacity and does not put them into hardships. {And He has not placed upon you in the religion any hardship.}
2) Haji tidak diwajibkan sepanjang umur kecuali satu kali, dan ini termasuk rahmat Allah -Ta'ālā- kepada hamba-Nya karena Allah mewajibkan pada mereka sesuatu yang mereka mampui. Semua itu untuk mengangkat kesulitan dan memberikan kemudahan pada hamba; "Dan Allah tidak menjadikan kesukaran untukmu dalam agama." (QS. Al-Ḥajj: 78)
3) Frequent questioning and differing is one of the causes of ruin.
3) Banyak pertanyaan dan penyelisihian adalah salah satu sebab kebinasaan.
4) A person is required to fulfill the Shariah commands as much as he can. The prohibitions, on the other hand, should be avoided completely. He may not take them lightly.
4) Wajib atas seorang hamba untuk mengerjakan apa yang dia sanggupi di antara perintah-perintah agama. Adapun larangan agama, maka wajib ditinggalkan secara total dan tidak boleh digampangkan.
1273/3 - He also reported: The Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) was asked: “Which deed is the best?” He replied: “Belief in Allah and His Messenger.” It was asked: “Then what?” He said: “Jihad in the cause of Allah.” It was asked: “Then what?” He said: “A righteous Hajj.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
3/1273- Juga dari Abu Hurairah -raḍiyallāhu 'anhu-, dia berkata, Nabi -ṣallallāhu 'alaihi wa sallam- ditanya, "Amalan apakah yang paling utama?" Beliau bersabda, "Beriman kepada Allah dan Rasul-Nya." Beliau ditanya, "Kemudian apa?" Beliau bersabda, "Berjihad di jalan Allah." Beliau ditanya lagi, "Kemudian apa?" Beliau bersabda, "Haji yang mabrur." (Muttafaq 'Alaih)
An accepted Hajj: It is Hajj in which the pilgrim commits no sin.
المَبْرُورُ (al-mabrūr - haji mabrur): haji yang pelakunya tidak mengerjakan sebuah maksiat pun di dalamnya.
1) Acts of worship and piety differ in their merit in accordance with the performer’s ability. Each person should be addressed in a way that befits his condition.
1) Perbedaan tingkat amal saleh dan ketaatan sesuai dengan kemampuan orang yang beramal, dan masing-masing diperintahkan sesuai dengan keadaannya.
2) An accepted Hajj is one which the pilgrim performs sincerely for the sake of Allah and in which he follows the Prophet’s guidance and avoids foul language, immorality, and argument. Such a Hajj is one of the most virtuous acts in the sight of Allah Almighty.
2) Haji yang mabrur adalah haji yang dilakukan dengan ikhlas kepada Allah -Ta'ālā-, mengikuti petunjuk Nabi -ṣallallāhu 'alaihi wa sallam- dalam tata cara haji, dan meninggalkan kekejian, kefasikan, dan perdebatan. Haji yang seperti ini merupakan amal yang paling utama di sisi Allah -Ta'ālā-.
1274/4 - He also reported: I heard the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) say: “Whoever performs Hajj and does not commit obscenity or commit any evil therein will go back (free of sin) like the day he was born.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
4/1274- Masih dari Abu Hurairah -raḍiyallāhu 'anhu-, dia berkata, Aku mendengar Rasulullah -ṣallallāhu 'alaihi wa sallam- bersabda, "Siapa yang menunaikan ibadah haji tanpa berbuat keji dan kefasikan, maka ia pulang (tanpa dosa) seperti hari ketika ia dilahirkan oleh ibunya." (Muttafaq 'Alaih)
1) Hajj is a reason for the expiation of all sins.
1) Haji adalah sebab pengampunan semua dosa.
2) Allah is merciful towards His servants as He prescribed for them such acts of worship that expiate their sins and misdeeds.
2) Besarnya rahmat Allah -Ta'ālā- kepada hamba-Nya; yaitu Allah telah mensyariatkan bagi mereka berbagai ibadah yang dengannya dosa dan kesalahan mereka diampuni.
1275/5 - He also reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “From ‘Umrah to ‘Umrah expiates what is between them. And there is no reward for an accepted Hajj except Paradise.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
5/1275- Juga dari Abu Hurairah -raḍiyallāhu 'anhu-, bahwa Rasulullah -ṣallallāhu 'alaihi wa sallam- bersabda, "Umrah ke umrah berikutnya adalah penghapus dosa di antara keduanya, dan haji yang mabrur tidak memiliki balasan kecuali surga." (Muttafaq 'Alaih)
1276/6 - ‘Ā’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported: I said: “O Messenger of Allah, we consider Jihad as the best deed. Should we not perform Jihad?” He said: “The best Jihad for you (women) is an accepted Hajj.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri]
6/1276- Aisyah -raḍiyallāhu 'anhā- berkata, Aku bertanya, "Wahai Rasulullah! Kami memandang bahwa jihad adalah amalan yang paling utama, apakah kami boleh berjihad?" Beliau menjawab, "Bagi kalian (kaum wanita) jihad yang paling utama adalah haji yang mabrur." (HR. Bukhari)
1) Hajj is one of the kinds of Jihad in the cause of Allah, for those who have missed the honor of traditional Jihad for a valid excuse.
1) Haji adalah salah satu jenis jihad fi sabilillah bagi siapa yang tidak mendapatkan kemuliaan jihad karena suatu uzur.
2) The pilgrim gets a great reward for his performance of Hajj in accordance with the Shariah, inwardly and outwardly.
2) Besarnya pahala haji bila dikerjakan sesuai tata caranya yang disyariatkan, baik secara lahir maupun batin.
3) The Prophet’s statement “the best Jihad for you...” is addressed to women. Hajj is the Jihad for women, which involves no fighting.
3) Sapaan dalam sabda beliau, "Bagi kalian jihad yang paling utama adalah haji yang mabrur" ditujukan kepada jemaah perempuan, sehingga haji adalah jihad bagi perempuan yang tanpa adanya peperangan.
1277/7 - She also reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “There is no day on which Allah sets free more of His servants from Hellfire than the day of ‘Arafah.” [Narrated by Muslim]
7/1277- Masih dari Aisyah -raḍiyallāhu 'anhā-, bahwa Rasulullah -ṣallallāhu 'alaihi wa sallam- bersabda, "Tiada hari di mana Allah lebih banyak memerdekakan hamba dari neraka lebih dari hari Arafah." (HR. Muslim)
1) It shows the merit of the day of ‘Arafah, given the plenty of people saved from Hellfire on it.
1) Besarnya keutamaan hari Arafah karena banyaknya hamba yang dimerdekakan pada hari itu dari neraka.
2) Allah is merciful towards the believers, as He has provided them with special occasions on which they can attain goodness and forgiveness.
2) Rahmat Allah -Ta'ālā- kepada kaum mukminin, yaitu Allah telah mengistimewakan umat ini dengan musim-musim kebaikan dan ampunan.
1278/8/ - Ibn ‘Abbās (may Allah be pleased with him and his father) reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “‘Umrah in Ramadan is equivalent to Hajj – or Hajj with me.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
8/1278- Ibnu 'Abbās -raḍiyallāhu 'anhumā- meriwayatkan bahwa Nabi -ṣallallāhu 'alaihi wa sallam- bersabda, "Umrah di bulan Ramadan sebanding dengan haji." Di sebagian redaksi, "atau haji bersamaku." (Muttafaq 'Alaih)
1) ‘Umrah in Ramadan equals to Hajj in terms of reward, yet it does not suffice instead of the obligatory Hajj.
1) Umrah di bulan Ramadan sebanding dengan haji dalam hal pahala dan balasan, bukan dalam hal menggugurkan kewajiban haji.
2) The reward for a good deed increases when it is done at a virtuous time. That is why ‘Umrah increases in reward when it is performed in Ramadan.
2) Pahala amalan akan bertambah dengan keutamaan waktu; yaitu pahala ibadah umrah menjadi besar manakala dilakukan di bulan Ramadan.
1279/9 - He also reported: A woman said: “O Messenger of Allah, Allah made Hajj obligatory on His servants while my father was very old and could not sit steadily on the mount. Shall I perform Hajj on his behalf?” He said: “Yes.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
9/1279- Juga dari Ibnu 'Abbās -raḍiyallāhu 'anhumā-, bahwa seorang perempuan bertanya, "Wahai Rasulullah! Sesungguhnya kewajiban haji yang Allah wajibkan atas hamba-Nya datang ketika ayahku sudah tua renta, dia tidak bisa duduk di atas kendaraan, maka apakah boleh aku menghajikannya?" Beliau menjawab, "Ya." (Muttafaq 'Alaih)
1280/10 - Laqīt ibn ‘Āmir (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that he went to the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) and said: “My father is a very old man who cannot perform Hajj or ‘Umrah or undertake a journey.” He said: “Perform Hajj and ‘Umrah on behalf of your father.”
10/1280- Laqīṭ bin 'Āmir -raḍiyallāhu 'anhu- meriwayatkan bahwa dia datang kepada Nabi -ṣallallāhu 'alaihi wa sallam- seraya bertanya, "Sesungguhnya ayahku telah tua renta, dia tidak mampu melakukan haji, umrah dan perjalanan." Nabi -ṣallallāhu 'alaihi wa sallam- bersabda, "Berhaji dan berumrahlah untuk menggantikan ayahmu."
[Narrated by Abu Dāwūd and Al-Tirmidhi, who classified it as Hasan Sahīh (sound and authentic)]
(HR. Abu Daud dan Tirmizi; Tirmizi berkata, "Hadis hasan sahih")
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الظَّعَنَ (aẓ-ẓa'an): perjalanan.
1) If a person is unable to perform Hajj, and his inability is not likely to go away, such as chronic disease or old age, then another person may perform Hajj on his behalf.
1) Bila seseorang tidak mampu mengerjakan haji dengan ketidakmampuan yang tidak ada harapan akan hilang seperti sakit yang terus-menerus dan usia tua, maka ia boleh dihajikan dengan haji badal.
2) A woman may perform Hajj on behalf of a man, and vice versa.
2) Perempuan boleh untuk menghajikan laki-laki dan laki-laki menghajikan perempuan.
1281/11 - Al-Sā’ib ibn Yazīd (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: “I was taken to perform Hajj with the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) in the Farewell Hajj, when I was seven years old.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri]
11/1281- As-Sā`ib bin Yazīd -raḍiyallāhu 'anhu- berkata, "Aku dibawa menunaikan haji bersama Rasulullah -ṣallallāhu 'alaihi wa sallam- ketika haji wadak saat aku berusia tujuh tahun." (HR. Bukhari)
1282/12 - Ibn ‘Abbās (may Allah be pleased with him and his father) reported: The Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) came across a caravan at Al-Rawhā’ and asked who the people in the caravan were. They replied that they were Muslims. They asked: “Who are you?” He said: “The Messenger of Allah.” Then, a woman lifted up a boy to him and asked: “Is there Hajj for this one?” He said: “Yes, and you will have a reward.” [Narrated by Muslim]
12/1282- Ibnu 'Abbās -raḍiyallāhu 'anhumā- meriwayatkan bahwa Rasulullah -ṣallallāhu 'alaihi wa sallam- bertemu serombongan pengendara di Ar-Rauḥā`. Beliau lalu bertanya, "Rombongan siapakah kalian?" Mereka menjawab, "Rombongan orang-orang Islam. Lalu Anda, siapa?" Beliau menjawab, "Rasulullah." Lantas seorang perempuan mengangkat seorang anak kecil dan bertanya, "Apakah sah haji anak kecil ini?" Beliau menjawab, "Ya, sah. Dan engkau juga mendapatkan pahala." (HR. Muslim)
Al-Rawhā’: a place between Makkah and Madīnah.
الرَّوْحَاءِ (ar-rauḥā`): sebuah tempat di perbatasan antara Mekah dan Madinah.
1) Hajj performed by children is valid, even if they are below the age of discernment.
1) Sahnya haji anak kecil, walaupun anak kecil tersebut belum mencapai usia tamyiz.
2) A child will get a reward for performing Hajj, and his guardian shall have a similar reward, for he has enabled him to perform it. A person who guides others to something good shall have a reward similar to theirs.
2) Anak kecil tersebut mendapatkan pahala hajinya, dan walinya pun mendapatkan pahala yang semisal dengan pahalanya karena telah menjadi sebab dalam haji anak kecil tersebut. Sehingga orang yang menunjukkan kepada kebaikan sama seperti pelakunya.
When a child performs Hajj, he should imitate the adult. If he cannot do certain things due to his young age, like infants for example, here are two cases:
Anak kecil ketika berhaji, dia mengerjakan apa yang dikerjakan oleh orang dewasa. Seandainya dia tidak mampu melakukan sebagiannya karena umurnya yang kecil, seperti anak yang masih menyusu, maka dia memiliki beberapa keadaan:
1) The acts that one can do on behalf of someone else, his guardian can perform them on his behalf.
1) Jika perbuatan tersebut termasuk yang bisa digantikan, seperti melempar jamrah, maka dalam hal itu dia digantikan oleh orang dewasa.
2) The acts which none can perform on behalf of others, and the child can do them, like Tawāf and Sa‘i, the adult can carry him as he performs such rituals.
2) Jika perbuatan tersebut termasuk yang tidak bisa digantikan dan tidak bisa juga dikerjakan oleh anak kecil tersebut, seperti tawaf dan sai, maka dalam hal itu dia dibawa serta dalam menunaikannya.
1283/13 - Anas ibn Mālik (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) performed Hajj on the back of a camel, and the same mount was carrying his baggage as well. [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri]
13/1283- Anas -raḍiyallāhu 'anhu- meriwayatkan bahwasanya Rasulullah -ṣallallāhu 'alaihi wa sallam- menunaikan haji dengan menunggang unta yang sekaligus menjadi pengangkut barang-barangnya. (HR. Bukhari)
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الزَّامِلَةُ (az-zāmilah): unta yang digunakan untuk membawa makanan dan barang.
1) It shows the simple and poor life led by the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him). His provision and luggage were carried on his mount. Nonetheless, he was the most forbearing and patient among people. Blissful are those who follow his example and imitate his manners.
1) Menjelaskan kesulitan hidup dan kekurangan rezeki yang dialami oleh Rasulullah -ṣallallāhu 'alaihi wa sallam-, sehingga bekal dan barang-barang beliau dibawa di atas kendaraan. Kendati demikian, beliau adalah orang yang paling lapang dada dan paling bersabar. Maka orang yang bahagia adalah yang meneladani beliau serta berakhlak dengan akhlak dan perangai beliau.
2) It is permissible to use a means of transport to move between the places of Hajj. This does not diminish the reward.
2) Boleh berpindah di antara masyā'ir haji (tempat-tempat ibadah haji) dengan berkendara, dan hal itu tidak mengurangi pahala haji.
1284/14 - Ibn ‘Abbās (may Allah be pleased with him and his father) reported: “Ukāzh, Majannah, and Dhul-Majāz were seasonal markets during the pre-Islamic period. They (i.e. Muslims) feared that it might be a sin to trade there during the Hajj season. So this verse was revealed: {There is no blame upon you for seeking bounty from your Lord.} [Surat Al-Baqarah: 198] It refers to the Hajj season. [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri]
14/1284- Ibnu 'Abbās -raḍiyallāhu 'anhumā- berkata, "Dahulunya 'Ukāẓ, Majinnah, dan Żul-Majāz adalah pasar-pasar di masa jahiliah. Maka mereka merasa berdosa bila berjualan pada musim (haji), maka turunlah ayat: "Tidak ada dosa bagimu untuk mencari karunia (rezeki hasil perniagaan) dari Tuhanmu" (QS. Al-Baqarah: 198) Yaitu pada musim-musim haji. (HR. Bukhari)
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تَأثَّمُوا (ta`aṡṡamū): mereka merasa berat dan takut jatuh dalam dosa.
1) Trading during Hajj falls under the benefits which a pilgrim can take, provided that his main objective is to perform Hajj.
1) Berjualan ketika berhaji termasuk manfaat yang diperbolehkan bagi jemaah haji selama tujuan utamanya adalah menunaikan haji.
2) It points out the merit of the Prophet’s Companions and their restraint from doing anything, albeit beneficial, before knowing the Shariah ruling regarding it.
2) Keutamaan sahabat-sahabat Rasulullah -ṣallallāhu 'alaihi wa sallam- dalam sikap warak mereka dari mengerjakan sesuatu, walaupun di dalamnya terdapat manfaat, sampai mereka mengetahui hukum Allah -Ta'ālā- padanya.