1657/1 - ‘Umar ibn al-Khattāb (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “The dead person is punished in his grave on account of wailing over him.”
1/1657- Umar bin Al-Khaṭṭāb -raḍiyallāhu 'anhu- berkata, Rasulullah -ṣallallāhu 'alaihi wa sallam- bersabda, "Orang yang wafat akan disiksa di dalam kuburnya dengan sebab adanya ratapan kepadanya."
Another narration reads: “for as long as there is wailing over him.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
Dalam riwayat lain, "Selama dia diratapi." (Muttafaq 'Alaih)
To wail is to cry loudly over the death of someone and mention his good traits by way of bragging.
النِّيَاحَةُ (an-niyāḥah/ratapan): menangisi orang mati disertai mengangkat suara dan menyebutkan sifat-sifat mayit dalam rangka berbangga.
1) It is prohibited to wail over the dead, for this contradicts patience.
1) Pengharaman meratapi orang mati karena bertentangan dengan kesabaran.
2) Wailing constitutes a kind of objection to the decree and predestination of Allah Almighty; whereas we are required to submit to His painful decrees.
2) Meratap mengandung semacam penolakan terhadap takdir Allah -'Azza wa Jalla-, padahal yang wajib dilakukan ialah tunduk kepada takdir Allah yang memberatkan.
This Hadīth applies to a person who condones wailing, asks his relatives to wail over him, or neglects to forbid them from wailing. So, everyone should advise his family to adhere to the Prophet’s Sunnah and guidance upon his death and to shun the Shariah prohibitions on death-related matters. A person who does so has absolved himself and is safe from the reported threat, and Allah knows best.
Makna hadis ini ditujukan kepada orang yang memiliki kebiasaan meratap, atau yang berwasiat kepada keluarganya dengan hal itu, atau orang yang lalai melarang keluarganya dari meratap. Sehingga seorang hamba wajib mewasiatkan keluarganya untuk mengikuti petunjuk Sunnah ketika dia meninggal serta membimbing mereka untuk menjauhi apa-apa yang dilarang oleh syariat dalam permasalahan kematian, karena dengan cara seperti itu dia telah menunaikan tanggung jawabnya, mengajari keluarganya, dan selamat dari ancaman. Wallāhu a'lam.
1658/2 - Ibn Mas‘ūd (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “He is not one of us he who slaps his cheeks, tears open his clothes, and wails in the manner of the days of ignorance.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
2/1658- Ibnu Mas'ūd -raḍiyallāhu 'anhu- berkata, Rasulullah -ṣallallāhu 'alaihi wa sallam- bersabda, "Tidak termasuk golongan kami orang yang memukul-mukul pipi, merobek-robek pakaian, dan menyeru dengan seruan orang-orang jahiliah." (Muttafaq 'Alaih)
1) It is prohibited to act like people in the pre-Islamic period of ignorance in terms of wailing and the like. These are not Islamic manners.
1) Mengharamkan teriakan jahiliah dalam ratapan karena ia bukan merupakan ciri khas orang Islam.
2) It points out the merit of patience in pursuit of divine reward at the time of afflictions and the display of contentment with the decree and predestination of Allah Almighty.
2) Menjelaskan keutamaan sabar dan mengharap pahala ketika terjadi musibah serta menampakkan rida pada ketetapan dan takdir Allah.
1659/3 - Abu Burdah reported: “Abu Mūsa got ill and lost his consciousness and his head was in the lap of a woman of his family. She began to wail and he could not say anything to her. Upon regaining his consciousness, he said: ‘I am innocent of that of which the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) was innocent. Indeed, the Messenger of Allah disavowed the woman who wails, the woman who shaves her head upon the occurrence of a disaster, and the woman who tears her clothes.’” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
3/1659- Abu Burdah mengatakan bahwa Abu Mūsā -raḍiyallāhu 'anhu- sakit lalu pingsan sementara kepalanya di pangkuan salah satu istrinya, maka istrinya itu berteriak, namun Abu Musa tidak bisa melarangnya sedikit pun. Manakala dia sadar, dia berkata, "Aku berlepas diri dari orang yang Rasulullah -ṣallallāhu 'alaihi wa sallam- berlepas diri darinya. Sesungguhnya Rasulullah -ṣallallāhu 'alaihi wa sallam- berlepas diri dari wanita yang berteriak keras, mencukur rambut, dan merobek-robek pakaian (ketika terjadi musibah)." (Muttafaq 'Alaih)
-- -- --
الصَّالِقَةُ (aṣ-ṣāliqah): wanita yang mengangkat suaranya dengan ratapan dan pujian. الحَالِقَةُ (al-ḥāliqah): wanita yang mencukur kepalanya ketika terjadi musibah. الشَّاقَّةُ (asy-syāqah): wanita yang merobek-robek pakaiannya.
--
حِجر (ḥijr): pangkuan.
--
الرَّنَّةُ (ar-rannah): suara tangis yang mengandung rintihan.
1) Wailing, shaving the head, and tearing clothes upon the occurrence of afflictions fall under the wrong acts that we are required to criticize and forbid, as the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) disavowed those doing such things.
1) Meratap, mencukur rambut, dan merobek pakaian ketika musibah terjadi termasuk kemungkaran yang wajib diingkari karena Rasulullah -ṣallallāhu 'alaihi wa sallam- berlepas diri dari pelakunya.
2) One should follow the Prophet’s example, as the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) used to do.
2) Seorang hamba wajib mengikuti Sunnah Rasulullah -ṣallallāhu 'alaihi wa sallam- sebagaimana yang dilakukan oleh para sahabat -raḍiyallāhu 'anhum-.
1660/4 - Al-Mughīrah ibn Shu‘bah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that he heard the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) say: “He who is wailed over will be punished on the Day of Judgment on account of the wailing over him.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
4/1660- Al-Mugīrah bin Syu'bah -raḍiyallāhu 'anhu- berkata, Aku telah mendengar Rasulullah -ṣallallāhu ‘alaihi wa sallam- bersabda, "Siapa yang diratapi (saat meninggal), maka dia akan disiksa pada hari Kiamat karena ratapan tersebut." (Muttafaq 'Alaih)
1) It is prohibited to wail over the death of someone, for this will be a cause of punishment on the Day of Judgment.
1) Pengharaman meratapi orang mati karena hal itu menjadi sebab adanya siksaan pada hari Kiamat.
2) A dead person will be punished in his grave and on the Day of Judgment on account of wailing over him, if he had asked for it.
2) Orang yang wafat akan disiksa di dalam kuburnya dan pada hari Kiamat dengan sebab adanya ratapan kepadanya bila dia menjadi sebab ratapan tersebut.
1661/5 - Umm ‘Atiyyah Nusaybah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported: “At the time of pledging allegiance to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him), he took a promise from us not to engage in wailing.” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
5/1661- Ummu 'Aṭiyyah Nusaibah (dengan mendamahkan "nūn" dan boleh memfatahkannya) -raḍiyallāhu 'anhā- berkata, "Nabi -ṣallallāhu 'alaihi wa sallam- pernah mengambil sumpah setia kami ketika baiat bahwa kami dilarang meratap." (Muttafaq 'Alaih)
1) Wailing is one of the manners of the pre-Islamic era of ignorance, which a Muslim should get rid of as soon as he embraces Islam.
1) Meratap merupakan perilaku jahiliah yang sepatutnya ditinggalkan oleh seorang muslim manakala dia telah masuk ke dalam lingkaran dan petunjuk syariat.
2) It describes the pledge of allegiance taken by the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) from women, as he stipulated that they should abandon the habits of the pre-Islamic era.
2) Menjelaskan tata cara baiat Rasulullah -ṣallallāhu 'alaihi wa sallam- kepada kaum wanita, yaitu dengan syarat mereka meninggalkan kebiasaan jahiliah.
1662/6 - Al-Nu‘mān ibn Bashīr (may Allah be pleased with him and his father) reported: “‘Abdullah ibn Rawāhah (may Allah be pleased with him) fell down unconscious. His sister started crying and saying: ‘O my mountain, O so-and-so!’ She went on calling him by his good qualities one by one. When he came to his senses, he said: ‘Whenever you said something, I was asked: Are you really so?’” [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri]
6/1662- An-Nu'mān bin Basyīr -raḍiyallāhu 'anhumā- berkata, "Abdullah bin Rawāḥah -raḍiyallāhu 'anhu- pernah pingsan hingga membuat saudarinya menangis dan berkata padanya, 'Duhai gunung tempatku bernaung. Duhai begini... Duhai begini...' Dia menyebutkan kebaikan-kebaikannya. Ketika Abdullah bin Rawāḥah sadar, ia berkata, 'Tidaklah engkau mengatakan sesuatu melainkan dikatakan kepadaku, 'Benarkah kamu demikian?!'" (HR. Bukhari)
1) It is prohibited to wail over the dead person, for this hurts him.
1) Pengharaman meratapi orang yang wafat karena hal itu menyakitinya.
2) It is prohibited to falsely ascribe certain traits to oneself or to someone else.
2) Pengharaman mengklaim sifat-sifat yang sebenarnya tidak ada pada seseorang, baik dilakukan sendiri ataupun dilakukan pihak lain.
1663/7 - Ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him and his father) reported: “Sa‘d ibn ‘Ubādah (may Allah be pleased with him) suffered from some illness. The Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) visited him and was accompanied by ‘Abdur-Rahmān ibn ‘Awf, Sa‘d ibn Abi Waqqās, and ‘Abdullah ibn Mas‘ūd (may Allah be pleased with them). When they entered his house, they found him unconscious. The Messenger of Allah asked: ‘Has he died?’ They replied: ‘No, O Messenger of Allah.’ Upon this, the Messenger of Allah began to weep. When his Companions saw this, they also began to weep. He said: ‘Listen attentively: Allah does not punish for the shedding of tears or for the grief of the heart, but He punishes or shows mercy because of the utterances of this,’ pointing to his tongue.” [Narrated be Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]
7/1663- Ibnu Umar -raḍiyallāhu 'anhumā- berkata bahwa Sa'ad bin 'Ubādah -raḍiyallāhu 'anhu- jatuh sakit lalu Rasulullah -ṣallallāhu 'alaihi wa sallam- datang membesuknya bersama Abdurrahman bin 'Auf, Sa'ad bin Abi Waqqās, dan Abdullah bin Mas'ūd -raḍiyallāhu 'anhum-. Ketika masuk, beliau menemukannya dalam keadaan pingsan. Beliau berkata, "Apakah dia sudah wafat?" Para sahabat menjawab, "Tidak, wahai Rasulullah." Maka Rasulullah -ṣallallāhu 'alaihi wa sallam- menangis. Ketika mereka melihat tangis Rasulullah -ṣallallāhu 'alaihi wa sallam-, mereka pun ikut menangis. Beliau bersabda, "Maukah kalian mendengar? Sesungguhnya Allah tidak akan memberikan siksa disebabkan air mata maupun kesedihan hati. Tetapi Allah akan memberikan siksa atau mengasihi dengan sebab ini." Beliau menunjuk ke lisannya. (Muttafaq 'Alaih)
--
غَشْيَةٌ (gasyyah): kondisi pingsan.
--
أَقَضَى؟ (aqaḍā): apakah dia sudah wafat?
1) It is permissible to grieve and cry over the death of someone, yet without wailing. In fact, this stems from mutual mercy between people.
1) Boleh bersedih dan menangisi orang wafat dengan tangisan yang tidak disertai ratapan, karena hal ini merupakan bentuk saling mengasihi di antara sesama.
2) Showing indignation through words and wailing is a cause of punishment on the Day of Judgment.
2) Mengungkapkan keluhan dengan lisan dan meratap merupakan sebab adanya siksaan pada hari Kiamat.
1664/8 - Abu Mālik al-Ash‘ari (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “If the wailing woman does not repent before she dies, she will be made to stand on the Day of Judgment wearing a garment of tar and a shield of scabies.” [Narrated by Muslim]
6/1664- Abu Mālik Al-Asy'ariy -raḍiyallāhu 'anhu- berkata, Rasulullah -ṣallallāhu 'alaihi wa sallam- bersabda, "Wanita yang meratapi orang mati bila belum bertobat sebelum meninggal, maka dia akan dibangkitkan pada hari Kiamat dengan mengenakan pakaian dari belangkin serta mantel dari kudis." (HR. Muslim)
--
سِرْبَالٌ (sirbāl): pakaian.
--
قَطِرَانٍ (qaṭirān): cairan hitam busuk membantu untuk menyalakan api.
--
دِرْعٌ (dir'): sesuatu yang dipakai di atas dada.
--
جَرَبٍ (jarab): penyakit yang menimpa kulit dan menyisakan bekas luka.
1665/9 - Asīd ibn Abu Asīd, a Tābi‘i (from the generation that followed the Companions), reported that one of the women who gave the pledge to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Among the matters of goodness in respect of which we gave the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) the pledge not to disobey him were: that we should not scratch our faces, bewail, tear our clothes up, or dishevel our hair (in grief).”
9/1665- Asīd bin Abu Asīd, seorang tabiin, meriwayatkan dari seorang wanita yang ikut membaiat (Rasulullah) bahwa dia berkata, "Di antara perkara makruf yang diwasiatkan oleh Rasulullah -ṣallallāhu 'alaihi wa sallam- pada kami (ketika mengambil baiat) adalah supaya kami tidak mendurhakai beliau di dalamnya yaitu agar kami tidak mencakar wajah (ketika ditimpa musibah), tidak berdoa celaka, tidak merobek baju, dan tidak mengacak rambut."
[Narrated by Abu Dāwūd with a sound Isnād]
(HR. Abu Daud dengan sanad hasan)
--
نَخْمِشَ (nakhmisy): melukai.
--
جَيْباً (jaiban): Bagian baju di atas dada sebagai penutup dada.
--
نَنْثُرَ شَعْراً (nanṡur syi'ran): mencerai-beraikan rambut dan mengacaknya.
1) Scratching faces, bewailing, and disheveling hair at the time of disasters are prohibited, for these are acts of the pre-Islamic period of ignorance which are forbidden under the Shariah.
1) Pengharaman mencakar muka, meratap, dan mengacak rambut ketika terjadi musibah karena itu merupakan perbuatan jahiliah yang diharamkan oleh agama.
2) It describes the nature of the pledge of allegiance that took place during the Prophet’s lifetime. He took the pledge from the believers that they should abandon all prohibitions and engage in good deeds to the best of their ability.
2) Potret baiat yang dilakukan pada masa Nabi -ṣallallāhu 'alaihi wa sallam-; yaitu orang-orang beriman berbaiat untuk meninggalkan perbuatan haram secara mutlak dan mengerjakan ketaatan semampu mereka.
1666/10 - Abu Mūsa (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “If anyone dies and the mourner gets up and says: ‘O my mountain, O my master,’ or the like, Allah will put two angels in charge of him who will beat him on the chest and ask him: ‘Were you like that?’” [Narrated by Al-Tirmidhi; he classified it as Hasan (sound)]
10/1666- Abu Mūsā -raḍiyallāhu 'anhu- meriwayatkan bahwa Rasulullah -ṣallallāhu 'alaihi wa sallam- bersabda, “Tidaklah seseorang meninggal dunia lalu orang yang menangis di antara mereka bangkit seraya meratapinya dengan berkata, 'Duhai pelindungku, duhai tuanku ...' atau kalimat lain semisalnya, melainkan diutus kepadanya dua malaikat yang memukul dada orang mati itu sambil bertanya, 'Apakah engkau memang seperti itu?!'" (HR. Tirmizi dan dia berkata, "Hadis hasan")
--
اللَّهزُ (al-lahz): mendorong dengan kepalan tangan di dada.
1) It is prohibited to wail over the death of someone and ascribe to him such attributes that did not really exist in him.
1) Pengharaman meratapi orang mati dan menyebutkan sifat yang tidak ada padanya.
2) The angels rebuke the dead person, if he has not previously instructed his relatives not to wail over him.
2) Bentakan malaikat kepada orang yang wafat ialah bila di masa hidupnya dia tidak berpesan agar mereka tidak meratapinya.
1667/11 - Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Two matters are signs of disbelief on the part of those who indulge in them: Defaming a person’s lineage and wailing over the dead.” [Narrated by Muslim]
11/1667- Abu Hurairah -raḍiyallāhu 'anhu- berkata, Rasulullah -ṣallallāhu 'alaihi wa sallam- bersabda, "Ada dua perkara yang masih dilakukan oleh manusia, kedua-duanya merupakan bentuk kekufuran: mencela nasab dan meratapi orang mati." (HR. Muslim)
1) It is prohibited to wail over a dead person, for this is an act of disbelief and a practice of the pre-Islamic period of ignorance.
1) Larangan meratapi orang yang wafat karena hal itu termasuk perbuatan kufur dan perangai jahiliah.
2) A person who does an act of disbelief is not necessarily a disbeliever.
2) Perihal perbuatan merupakan cabang kekufuran tidak serta-merta mengharuskan pelakunya menjadi kafir.
We conclude from the above Hadīths:
Rangkuman dari hadis-hadis di atas:
There is nothing wrong with natural weeping. But wailing, slapping cheeks, tearing clothes, and plucking, shaving, or disheveling hair at the time of afflictions are all prohibited and forbidden. The Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) disavowed these acts, on account of which the dead person suffers torment, unless he forbids them during his lifetime and instructs his family not to engage in them.
Tangis yang terjadi secara alami hukumnya tidak apa-apa. Adapun ratapan, memukul pipi, merobek baju, dan mencabut rambut atau mencukur maupun mengacaknya, semua itu hukumnya haram. Ini merupakan perkara yang Nabi -ṣallallāhu 'alaihi wa sallam- berlepas diri darinya serta orang mati akan disiksa dengan sebab ratapan tersebut bila dia tidak pernah melarangnya di masa hidupnya ataupun tidak berpesan kepada keluarganya agar tidak melakukannya dan mengingatkan mereka darinya.